Explanations of sub-state nationalism that draw on the effects of patterns of uneven economic development suffer from two conceptual problems: (1) they fail to explain why state actors are not able to adopt and implement long-term strategies to correct these effects and (2) they fail to account for the range of ideologies that can be used by sub-state actors to mobilize against the state. In this dissertation, I use an institutional analysis to overcome these problems by specifying the structural conditions under which a range of counterhegemonic groups can emerge to challenge state nationalism. The analysis is applied to a case study of interwar Catalonia, which examines three separate campaigns for political autonomy. 1906--1908; 1917--1919; and 1930--1932. Two modes of analysis are used. First, an institutional analysis is used to determine the structural conditions for the emergence of counterhegemonic movements. I argue that levels of institutional incorporation in a state can determine both the conditions under which a counterhegemonic group can emerge and the range of ideologies that can be used to organize against the state. Institutional incorporation refers to the variable level of institutions that together constitute the corporate structure of the state. The institutional analysis is applied to Southern Europe generally and Spain specifically, in order to identify the political groups in early twentieth-century Catalonia which challenged state nationalism by mobilizing around alternative state projects. Second, a rational actor approach is used to examine the strategic interactions of two sets of political actors in Catalonia, nationalists and republicans, in order to specify the conditions under which they attempted to gain political power and obtain political autonomy for Catalonia on three separate occasions. The combination of an institutional approach at the macro-level and a rational actor approach at the micro-level brings to light the importan

The Punic period (6th - 2nd century BC) in the island of Ibiza (Spain) has been regarded by historians and archaeologists as a time of flourishing economic wealth and prosperity, as evidenced by its coin production, demographic growth, agricultural exploitation, intensive product manufacturing and its overall importance to Punic trading routes. From a bioanthropological perspective, this apparent prosperity raises a number of interesting questions. Did such prosperity manifest itself in the biological well-being of the population? What were the morbidity rates like for the inhabitants of Ibiza? Were there differences between urban and rural populations? How might this period compare with a less prosperous era? These questions led to the following hypothesis being established - General prosperity in the Punic period in Ibiza should be reflected in the general wellbeing of the population, as evidenced by human skeletal remains. To test this hypothesis, morbidity rates in the general population in the Punic period were assessed including an analysis of rural and urban populations. In addition the Punic period was compared to the Late Antiquity - Early Byzantine (4th - 7th century AD) period. To assess these issues, anthropological data on stature, oral health, infections, trauma, mortality, osteoarthritis and diet was analysed, amongst other indicators. Allied to this, the research attempted to place the analysis in a broader biocultural context. Whether the above questions could be definitively answered depended on the sample size of material available. A larger sample would certainly have allowed these issues to be explored in even more depth than was possible in this study. Nevertheless, the samples studied have produced a range of interesting results that will aid future research. This research provides a wider understanding of the Punic period in Ibiza and of the Punic world in the Western Mediterranean; highlights the importance of combining anthropological work with other archaeological data; contributes to the osteological and palaeopathological record for Ibiza; and finally, provides a framework for further research.

El largo viaje/The Long Journey deals with the cultural politics of the Communist Party of Spain from 1920, when Communism first emerged in the country, until 1939, when the Spanish Civil War ended. The aim of this dissertation is two-fold. On the one hand, by looking at the Party's cultural discourse, its attempts to provide the working class with a political education, and its relationship with communist intellectuals, it aims at explaining the Party's evolution from its original proletarian line in the early 1920s to its democratic line in the mid-1930s, after it joined the anti-fascist Popular Front alliance. On the other, it aims at investigating how, between the years of 1936 and 1938, the Communist Party ended up fulfilling the democratic revolutionary dream of the Spanish bourgeoisie. Through its work in the Ministry of Public Instruction, the Party brought back to life the cultural discourse and aspirations which the reformist and Republican bourgeoisie had been holding on to since the mid- and late nineteenth century. In doing that, Spanish Communists were using cultural practice to further advance the cause of the democratic revolution, and, perhaps more importantly, to make the Spanish people full participants in that revolution for the very first time.

Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of St Andrews, May 2007.

Based on author's Thesis (doctoral). / Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [199]-222).

Thesis--Bonn. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [179]-188) and index.

Thesis (M.A.)--Western Washington University, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references. Also issued online.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. / Open access. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-94).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [199]-222).