Thesis (Ph. D. in History)--Vanderbilt University, Aug. 2006. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: John Kelsay, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of International Affairs. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 6, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 41 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2005. / Vita. Thesis advisor: Enric Bou. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-204). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Classical Languages and Literatures, March 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

No description available.

The Women's Section (Seccion Femenina) of the Franco regime's bureaucratic framework was founded in 1934 as an offshoot of the small fascist party, the Falange. Its leader, Pilar Primo de Rivera, was the sister of the Falange's founder, Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera and remained in post throughout the regime. The present study is of Seccion Femenina (SF) as it developed following the death of Jose Antonio during the Spanish Civil War, becoming part of the regime's bureaucracy while retaining its original ideological base. The thesis examines the emerging role of SF in the Spanish Civil War as a supporter of the Nationalist cause and its mandate in 1939 to train and prepare the women and girls in Spain for life under the new regime. SF's influence on government legislation and its contribution to the nation's economic and social stability up to 1959 are examined in relation to the political events of the period as well as the compromises made as SF faced opposition from other sectors of the regime. The second focus of the thesis is SF's ideological base and inner identity, and particularly the degree to which it exhibited features of fascism. This is examined in relation to its elite members, whose belief system was so enduring that it survived the decline of Falangism in the regime. In the face of political realities, SF always saw its 1939 mandate as its own 'Falangist Revolution' and its elite members as capable of transforming society. The origins of these beliefs, the contribution of foreign influences and the transmission of SF ideology in SF's elite academy are analysed in relation to the work and self-image of the elites. The paradox of SF as a loyal supporter of Francoism while challenging the class and social base of the regime is also examined, and religion is shown as the most significant area where SF differed from mainstream opinion and practice. SF's programmes have been studied via primary sources, journals and archive materials. The major primary source, however, is the set of forty-five interviews, conducted principally in Madrid but also in Salamanca, Santiago de Compostela, Palencia, Medina del Campo, Zaragoza, Toledo, the province of Leon and Britain between 1994 and 1999. Interviewees are mainly former elite members of SF together with unaffiliated women, male Falangists and others with experience of SF's programmes.

Orientador: Ruy de Oliveira Andrade Filho / Banca: Ana Paula Tavares Magalhães / Banca: Terezinha Oliveira / Resumo: A presente dissertação trata sobre as peregrinações a Santiago de Compostela no contexto da chamada Reforma Papal (séculos XI e XII). O objetivo é evidenciar que o programa de reformas instituído pela Igreja de Roma entre meados do século XI e início do XII contribuiu para a ascensão de Santiago de Compostela como um dos principais centros de peregrinação da Cristandade. Ademais, demonstraremos que a aproximação entre as monarquias cristãs da Hispânia e o clero na referida época também auxiliou em tal feito. Utilizamos como fonte de pesquisa a Historia Compostelana, o período histórico abordado pela obra compreende o final do século XI e início do XII, momento esse que coincide com o reinado de Alfonso VI de Leão (1065-1109) e do bispo e, posteriormente arcebispo da igreja de Compostela, Diego Gelmirez (1100-1140), personagens esses que com o auxílio dos papas reformadores fizeram de Compostela o principal centro de peregrinação da Cristandade no século XII / Abstract: This dissertation deals with pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela in the context of the socalled Papal Reform (11th - 12th centuries). We argue that the reform of the Roman Church between the middle of the 11th century and the beginning of the 12th century contributed to the ascension of Santiago de Compostela as one of the main pilgrimage centers in Western Christendom. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a closer relationship between the Spanish monarchy and the clergy at the time also contributed to such an outcome. We draw on the Historia Compostelana as our primary historical source. The period considered here (middle 11th century - early 12th century) coincides with Alfonso VI's rule as king of León (1065-1109) and Diego Gelmirez (1100-1140) as bishop and eventually archbishop of Compostela. It was Alfonso VI and Diego Gelmirez, together with reformist popes, who made Compostela the main pilgrimage center in Western Christendom in the 12th century / Mestre

abstract: This research addresses human adaptive decisions made at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition - the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the climate regime in which humankind now lives - in the Mediterranean region of southeast Spain. Although on a geological time scale the Pleistocene-Holocene transition is the latest in a series of widespread environmental transformations due to glacial-interglacial cycles, it is the only one for which we have a record of the response by modern humans. Mediterranean Spain lay outside the refugium areas of late Pleistocene Europe, in which advancing ice sheets limited the land available for subsistence and caused relative demographic packing of hunter-gatherers. Therefore, the archaeological records of Mediterranean Spain contain more generally applicable states of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, making it a natural laboratory for research on human adaptation to an environmental transformation. Foragers in Mediterranean Spain appear to have primarily adapted to macroclimatic change by extending their social networks to access new subsistence resources and by changing the mix of traditional relationships. Comparing faunal records from two cave sites near the Mediterranean coast with Geographic Information System (GIS) reconstructions of the coastal littoral plain from the LGM to the Holocene indicates the loss of the large ungulate species (mainly Bos primigenius and Equus) at one site coincided with the associated littoral disappearing due to sea level rise in the late Upper Paleolithic. Farther north, where portions of the associated littoral remained due to a larger initial mass and a more favorable topography, the species represented in the faunal record were constant through time. Social boundary defense definitions of territory require arranging social relationships in order to access even this lightly populated new hunting area on the interior plain. That the values of the least-cost-paths fit the parameters of two models equating varying degrees of social alliance with direct travel distances also helps support the hypothesis that foragers in Mediterranean Spain adapted to the consequences of macroclimatic change by extending their social networks to gain access to new subsistence resources Keeping these relationships stable and reliable was a mitigating factor in the mobility patterns of foragers during this period from direct travel to more distant down-the-line exchange. Information about changing conditions and new circumstances flowed along these same networks of social relationships. The consequences of climate-induced environmental changes are already a concern in the world, and human decisions in regard to future conditions are built upon past precedents. As the response to environmental risk centers on increasing the resilience of vulnerable smallholders, archaeology has an opportunity to apply its long-term perspective in the search for answers / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Anthropology 2013

Cette thèse porte sur une période qui va de la mort de Franco, en 1975, à la légalisation du mariage homosexuel en 2005. Sa source essentielle est la presse, notamment deux journaux aux orientations idéologiques opposées, à savoir El País et ABC. Le but du premier chapitre est à la fois de montrer ce qu’il en fut du rejet et de l’acceptation des réalités homosexuelles en Espagne, entre 1975 et 2005, aussi bien dans les textes que dans la vie quotidienne et d’expliquer pourquoi l’évolution de ces deux derniers n’est que partiellement comparable nonobstant leurs interactions en raison - en partie - des limites de la dichotomie « rejet et acceptation » sur un tel sujet, dans un tel pays et durant une telle période. Ces limites constituent l’objet du deuxième chapitre consacré justement aux faits à propos desquels il est difficile de dire clairement s’ils relèvent du rejet ou de l’acceptation - parce qu’ils témoignent d’un simple intérêt pour la question, d’une représentation réductrice des réalités homosexuelles faute - parfois - de connaissances suffisantes en la matière. Aussi le troisième chapitre consiste-t-il à expliquer comment cette aporie peut être surmontée en prenant en compte la dimension linguistique et ontologique des problématiques qui sont au cœur de cette thèse, notamment dans un pays comme l’Espagne qui traversa, entre 1975 et 2005, une période de transition en termes de relations avec l’homosexualité et qui donna lieu à une sorte de guerre des essences dans la cadre de laquelle l’existence de l’homosexualité ne fut plus - très tôt - en jeu. / This thesis covers a period which begins at the death of Franco, in 1975, and finishes at the legalization of the homosexual marriage, in 2005. Its principal source is the Spanish press, first of all two newspapers whith opposite ideological leanings : El País and ABC. The aim of the first chapter is both to show which forms the rejection and the acceptance of the homosexual realities took in Spain between 1975 and 2005, in the texts and in daily life and to explain why the evolutions of these two aspects of the topic can only be partially comparable in spite of their interactions partially because of the limits of the dichotomy “Rejection and Acceptance” about such a topic, in such a country and during such a period. These limits are the object of the second chapter particularly dedicated to the facts for which it’s difficult to say if they are part of the rejection or part of the acceptance - because they can just show an interest in the topic, a simplistic representation of the homosexual realities sometimes in absence of a sufficient knowledge of them. Consequently, the third chapter consists in explaining how this aporia can be surmounted taking into consideration the linguistic and ontological dimension of the issues of this thesis, first of all in a country like Spain which went through a period of transition, between 1975 and 2005, in terms of relations to the homosexuality, provoking a sort of war of the essences which, rapidly, didn’t concern any longer the existence of homosexuality itself.

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the premise that children may be more accepted in social situations in Spain than in England. This was framed within a review of international reports and mass media sources that indicated children in England may be viewed less positively than in Spain. The central question asked if there were differences in attitudes to child-rearing and young children in Kent (England) and Murcia (Spain). To address this, a comparative multiple-case study of pre-compulsory early years settings was employed. Social settings in the wider environments were also investigated. A qualitative, interpretive approach to the research generated data through interviews and observations in these locations. The first part of the fieldwork involved visiting six early settings where 48 practitioners in three coastal, town/city and out-of-town settings in both Murcia and Kent were interviewed. This entailed observing practitioners’ interactions with children and their daily practices. The second part involved spending time in intergenerational spaces within the two wider societies; hotels, restaurants and shopping centres. In these, 18 interviews were conducted and adult-child interactions were observed. Before adopting more conventional methods for coding categories and identifying emerging themes, NVIVO, a qualitative data classifying program, was used to sort and categorise these data. In conclusion, the main differences identified in the settings were practitioners’ attitudes to affective behaviours, emphases on safety factors and valued social behaviours. Regarding attitudes to children in the wider societies, children appeared less likely to be excluded from shared public spaces or viewed as nuisances in Spain. In contrast, although Kent provided more child-focused ii facilities than its counterpart, this sometimes resulted in children being segregated from adults. This thesis potentially contributes to the field of early childhood studies by highlighting how the interplay of cultural differences and adults’ attitudes impact on young children’s lives.