The purpose of this paper is to understand how different fractions of Sweden’s left wing (the Social democrats, the Communists, the Syndicalists and the Socialist party) framed the end of the Spanish Civil War and the defeat of the republicans. To answer the purpose four newspapers Arbetaren (syndicalist), Folkets Dagblad (Socialist party), Ny Dag (communist) and Socialdemokraten (social democratic) have been analyzed qualitatively. The thesis has focused on how the different ideologies have framed the war, how they framed the other labour organizations and themselves plus how they relate to information about the war during the period of February 1st1939 till April 5th1939. The analysis shows that the Social democrats and the Communists framed the war as a conflict between fascism and socialism, whereas the Syndicalists and the Socialist party framed the war as a socialistic revolution. Because each side had their own view, their opinions on what threatened a republican victory differed. The Social democrats were most concerned that a non-democratic movement would win the war and the Communists feared that fragmentation within the republicans would threaten their chances to win. In contrast, the Syndicalists argued that the nonintervention policy would make the revolution impossible and the Socialist party framed the threat as the Communists, because of their non-revolutionary agenda.

The Spanish Civil War is typically presented as a military narrative of the ideological battle between socialism and fascism, foreshadowing World War II. Yet the Spanish war continued trends begun during World War I, notably the use of propaganda posters and the movement of women into visible roles within the public sphere. Employing cultural studies methods to read propaganda poster art from the Spanish war as texts, this thesis analyzes the ways in which this persuasive medium represented extremes of gender discourse within the context of letters, memoirs, and other experiential accounts. This thesis analyzes symbols present in propaganda art and considers how their meanings interacted with the changing gendered identities of Republic and nation. Even within the relatively egalitarian Republic, political factions constructed conflicting representations of femininity in propaganda art, and women’s accounts indicate that despite ideological differences, both sides still shared a patriarchal worldview.

It is generally believed that when learning another language, students most commonly use their first language as the source of language influence. In the Basque region of Spain people are either Spanish monolinguals or Basque bilinguals and in this case study I set out to see whether students use Spanish or Basque as a reference when learning English. The three most common written errors of Spanish monolinguals and Basque bilinguals were analyzed by using Error Analysis as an analytical tool. The errors were not only described but also reasons were put forward as to why these errors were made. Even though Basque was the first language of half of the students, the results show that Spanish was the main source of influence when writing in English.

This dissertation examines the ways in which a youth radical culture developed in the Basque Country after the Spanish Transition from Francoism to a democratic state in the late seventies and early eighties. In the midst of a conflict between national hegemonies, Basque Radical Culture emerges as an exodus away from that hegemonic struggle without an abandonment of politics (such as other youth "movidas" proposed in the Spanish State at the time). On the contrary, Basque radical youths, through self-organization and opposition to hegemonic mores, created a space on the edge of the social matrix defined by two competing legitimacies: Basque Nationalism and the celebratory discourse of the Democratic Spanish State. The main questions I address are how to approach a phenomenon that is imbued with the effects and affects of conflicting accounts of the nation; how radical culture subverts the totalizing tendencies of hegemonic narratives; and, finally, how radical culture operates as a limit of society that dispels the triumphant historical accounts of the Spanish Transition, yet also confronts Basque Nationalism and its contradictions. As an edge of the social space, Basque Radical Culture will engage with the ruins of both Spanish Democracy and Basque Nationalism at the time of Globalization. Since Basque Radical Culture has the effect of mobilizing repressive apparatuses of both the State and the Basque Autonomous regional government, the processes that criminalize radical culture will illustrate how political institutions try to eliminate any exception that neutralizes their illusions of hegemony, thus undermining the democratic quality of the political system. I will analyze these problems through a theoretical approach and a variety of music, occupations of public space, stories and histories that, rather than maintaining the political overdetermination of Basque social space, propose a critique of how that determination works in order to maintain the social fantasies of Basque Nationalism and Spanish Statalism. I will study heterogeneous objects such as punk rock music, alternative culture memoirs, and the occupation of public space in order to reconstruct a radical politics outside hegemonic struggles to gain control of institutional politics. / Dissertation

This quantitative study has been derived from a five-year federal experimental research project entitled English and Literacy Acquisition (ELLA- R305P030032) which targeted Spanish-speaking English Language Learners (ELLs) receiving services in English immersion and bilingual program models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive power of Spanish phonemic awareness in kindergarten on Spanish reading ability in first grade among Spanish-speaking ELLs. Fifty-five students from typical practice bilingual classrooms were included in this study. Phonemic awareness skills were measured using blending phonemes and segmenting words, two subtests from Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (C-TOPP). Reading ability was measured using letter-word identification and passage comprehension, two subtests from Woodcock Language Proficiency Battery-Revised (WLPB-R). Data of phonemic awareness skills were collected at the beginning and end of kindergarten and data of reading ability were collected at the beginning and end of first grade. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to address the research questions. The data from this study present a picture of a predictive power of phonemic awareness skills on reading comprehension in Spanish. Results from this study suggest that both skill areas of phonemic awareness in kindergarten have a moderate predictive effect on reading ability at the beginning of first grade. However, phonemic awareness skills in kindergarten did not show a statistically significant relationship to Spanish literacy at the end of first grade. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

This thesis edits and compares two diaries written during one of the earliest Spanish expeditions into Texas during 1691-1692. The first governor of the Province of the Tejas Indians, Domingo Ter??n de los R??os, steered the military and exploratory aspects of this significant expedition during 1691 and 1692, while Father Dami??n Massanet investigated the anticipated establishment of missions in the frontier borderland of New Spain. Both men kept individual accounts of the expedition at the behest of the Crown. Textual evidence for these diaries consists of the original manuscript of Ter??n??s diary with three extant copies, and Massanet??s original manuscript with two copies. Until now, unedited transcriptions and an English-language translation have served as the source for historical studies of this expedition, but to date none of these manuscripts has been edited critically. Having compared systematically the most reliable manuscript of Ter??n??s diary, as well as the original Massanet diary, this thesis presents findings that pertain to the shared and divergent content and language found in the diaries. The findings include new historical information and clarification of discrepancies in daily events, distances traveled, assignment of names to specific places, and interactions with the indigenous population. The differences manifested in each diary highlight the disparity in purpose and perspective between a military expedition and a spiritual mission. Likewise, the findings underscore the challenges and differences of opinion faced by two leaders of a consolidated expedition. This thesis includes an introductory chapter with the following segments: background of the two expeditions of 1689 and 1690 that preceded and laid the foundation for the third, more ambitious expedition of Ter??n and Massanet; an overview of the third expedition; and a review of the literature concerning the expedition. The second chapter concerns the transcriptions of the diaries of Ter??n and Massanet, and contains the following divisions: methodology; descriptions of both manuscripts; the norms of transcription; the transcription of Massanet??s manuscript; and the transcription of Ter??n??s manuscript that corresponds to the dates of the Massanet diary. After the transcriptions is an analysis of the first month of the expedition, from May 16 to June 16. This analysis deals with the content and language of the diaries. The final chapter presents conclusions and areas for future research. This work is relevant for historians, linguists, philologists, anthropologists, archeologists and other scholars interested in the history of the Spanish Southwest.

In the 10-mer RNA duplex model system a 4-isocyano TEMPO spin-label is individually attached to one strand and two strands are annealed to measure distances. This methodology is limited to systems in which two oligonucleotides are annealed together. To circumvent this limitation and also to explore single-strand dynamics a new methodology was implemented, double spin-labeling. Double spin-labeled single-stranded RNA was investigated as a single-strand and within a duplex via MALDI-TOF-MS, EPR spectroscopy and RP-HPLC. A double spin-labeling strategy in this work will be applicable to large complex RNAs like Group I intron of Tetrahymena thermophilia. Captain Daniel Lawrence, was one of four sloops detailed to serve as a transport to supply the British Florida garrisons. The Industry ran aground on the bar outside of St. Augustine's harbour on May 6, 1764. The transport was carrying six-pound cannons, ammunition and artificer's tools. Further investigation of documents describing eighteenth-century trade and shipping to St. Augustine led to the discovery that the Lawrence family of sea captains provided a vital link between British New York and Spanish St. Augustine. An examination of the materials recovered from Site 8SJ3478 sheds light on exactly what a particular vessel carried during a period of transition in Florida's history.

<p><strong>Síntesis: </strong></p><p>Esta tesina trata de la presencia de voces indígenas en la prensa escrita chilena. Se han sacado artículos de los periódicos <em>El Morrocotudo</em>, <em>La tribuna de los Ángeles</em>, <em>El Mercurio</em> y <em>La Cuarta</em> publicados en un periodo de abril de 2009. Los dos primeros son editados y publicados a nivel regional, mientras que los dos últimos lo son a nivel nacional.</p><p>Este estudio se concentra en la búsqueda de voces indígenas y tiene una hipótesis  como punto de partida. Para responder a la hipótesis del trabajo, se utiliza un método cuantitativo-cualitativo, donde también se muestra la medición de la frecuencia de las voces indígenas.</p><p>En este análisis se examinan las voces encontradas y sus frecuencias. Esta investigación consiste en el análisis del corpus, siguiendo el objetivo principal del estudio: investigar en cuál de los periódicos considerado se encuentra más presencia de voces indígenas. Inicialmente, se tenía la idea de que había diferencias en cuanto al lenguaje periodístico de una línea editorial más bien popular, en comparación a la del lenguaje periodístico utilizado en una línea editorial más conservadora.</p><p>Sin duda, la hipótesis implica estudiar la presencia de las voces y sus frecuencias, pero también el comparar los lenguajes periodísticos y ver en cuáles de los periódicos se han encontrado más ocurrencias de las voces estudiadas.</p><p>El resultado de esta investigación muestra que se hay más presencia de voces indígenas en el periódico <em>La Cuarta</em> que en los otros tres periódicos del corpus. <em>La Cuarta</em> es conocida en Chile como un periódico popular en donde sus periodistas usan un lenguaje más popular y callejero.</p><p>Los resultados muestran, también, que no se han encontrado muchas voces indígenas, pero sí se han constatado diferencias entre los lenguajes periodísticos, en donde, en el lenguaje a nivel más popular se ha documentado una mayor presencia de voces indígenas que en el lenguaje periodístico utilizado por el periódico más conservador.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Hipótesis: </strong></p><p>Esta tesina parte de la hipótesis de que existe más presencia de voces indígenas en periódicos populares en Chile que en periódicos con una tendencia más conservadora. Mi hipótesis está basada, en primer lugar, en mi propia sospecha y también en el conocimiento de que existen periódicos que se diferencian por sus lenguajes utilizados.</p><p>Mi pregunta principal es si esta diferencia, en cuanto al lenguaje periodístico, es porque los periodistas utilizan más voces indígenas en sus artículos provenientes de una línea editorial más popular, que los otros periodistas catalogados como conservadores.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Objetivo y propósito: </strong></p><p><strong> </strong>El objetivo de esta tesina es comparar cuatro periódicos chilenos, dos a nivel nacional y dos periódicos regionales. El propósito, es tratar de establecer dónde se encuentran más voces indígenas, y estudiar y analizar la frecuencia de esta presencia. Los resultados van presentados en gráficos que muestran la frecuencia de esta presencia, así como las voces encontradas con más ocurrencias.</p><p> </p>

<p>The aim of the thesis is to investigate how teaching devices, with focus on ICT use are regarded in education. I make comparison with teaching without technical devices, but emphasize the teaching with such devices. I address questions concerning what technical devices are used and in which way these devices may enhance the education process. In addition, in which way the devices influence power and communication.</p><p>The methods indicate a deductive-abductive approach, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The theoretical framework focuses, Linguistics, Pedagogy, cognition, and Informatics. The results-part is built up on two cases – one concerning teaching with technical devices, the other concerning teaching without those devices. The results imply that the schools of Sweden use computers and Internet in a very ‘common’ way. However, there are intentions to use cell phones with software to assist the teaching. By this approach, that would be possible to add an additional time to the lectures since the pupils and teachers can work outside the classroom. One problem with technical devices is named ‘noise’, which are things in between the ‘useful’ (technical) devices and issues around that can decrease the learning process. In addition; if the goal is to have a symmetrical relationship between teacher and pupil, it may be difficult without taking carefully account on the (technical) device in use, and perhaps regard them as cognitive tools. From what I found, the tools are not regarded as cognitive.</p>

Texte remanié de : Tesis doctoral : Historia del arte : Universidad Complutense de Madrid : 2005. / En appendice : choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 321-330. Notes bibliogr. Index.