Esta pesquisa reconhece a existência de sinonímia e quase-sinonímia na terminologia jurídica, mais especificamente nos ramos do Direito do Trabalho e do Processo Trabalhista, analisa morfológica e semântica-discursivamente as variações denominativas utilizadas pelos magistrados, bem como evidencia que essas variações, no discurso jurídico, tendem a dificultar a comunicação entre os especialistas da área e o usuário comum.O tema se justifica, na medida em que alguns autores, no domínio da Semântica e da Lexicologia, julgam desejável, nos discursos especializados, a eliminação de várias denominações para uma mesma noção, porém outros estudiosos discordam dessa postura e apontam que a sinonímia é presença incontestável em linguagens de especialidade. Discutem-se, assim, dentre outras, as teorias de Barbosa, Alves, Araújo, Faulstich, Ullmann, Bloomfield, Lopes, Geckeler, Lyons, Wuster, Boulanger, Auger, Cabré, Dubuc, Duque-Picard acerca do fenômeno linguístico em análise, como também conceitos e critérios de base para seu reconhecimento. Discutem-se, ainda, tipologias da sinonímia que podem ser aplicados à Terminologia, ainda que formulados no âmbito da Linguística, pois concebe-se que esta ciência não é desvinculada daquela. Demonstram-se termos da área do Direito que estão ou não em relação sinonímica, extraídos de decisões judiciais, as quais possuem estruturação, características linguísticas e objetivos específicos, mas, devido a, sobretudo, o uso de uma terminologia jurídica específica, não possui linguagem simples e objetiva. Percebe-se a necessidade de se analisar as unidades terminológicas em seu habitat natural, isto é, in vivo, dentro da comunicação especializada, no locus material dos discursos, por meio da análise de textos produzidos de maneira real, e não in vitro, fora do contexto de uso habitual. Observa-se que o trato da sinonímia em Terminologia deve ser bastante criterioso, não só quando se visa à elaboração da macroestrutura, da microestrutura e dos processos de remissivas em um trabalho terminográfico, mas também para se evitar ambiguidade nos textos de especialidade. Nessa direção, estabelecem-se, com esta pesquisa, paradigmas para uma futura elaboração de um glossário no domínio do Direito do Trabalho e do Processo Trabalhista. / This research recognizes the existence of synonymy and almost-synonymy in the law terminology, more specifically in the Labor Law and Labor Suit fields; analyses morphologically and semantic-discursively the variations used by the magistrates, and also makes evident that those variations, in the law discourse, tend to make more difficult the communications between the specialists in the field and the common user. The theme is justified, in the sense that some authors, in the Semantics and Lexicology domains, consider preferable, in specialized discourse, to eliminate the various denominations for the same notion. On the other hand, other scholars disagree from that posture and point out that synonymy is an incontestable presence in specialized languages. The theories from Barbosa, Alves, Araújo, Faulstich, Ullmann, Bloomfield, Lopes, Geckeler, Lyons, Wüster, Boulanger, Auger, Cabré, Dubuc, Duque-Picard are then discussed about the linguistic phenomenon under analysis, as well as concepts and basic criteria for its recognition. The typology of synonyms that can be applied to the terminology are also discussed, even though they are formulated in the field of Linguistics, as we consider this science is not detached from the other. Terms from the Law field which are or are not in a synonymic relation are demonstrated, extracted from legal decisions, which have specific structures, linguistic characteristics and objectives, but, due to, mainly, the use of a specific law terminology, does not have a simple and objective language. A necessity to analyze the terminological units in its natural habitat is perceived, that is, in vivo, within the specialized communication, in the material locus of discourse, outside the context of its habitual use. It is observed that the treatment of the synonymy in Terminology must be very judicious, not only for the elaboration of its macrostructure, microstructure and the remissive processes in a terminographic work, but also to avoid ambiguity in the specialized texts. In this direction, with this research we establish paradigms for a future elaboration of a glossary in the Labor Law and Labor Suit domains.

Esta pesquisa reconhece a existência de sinonímia e quase-sinonímia na terminologia jurídica, mais especificamente nos ramos do Direito do Trabalho e do Processo Trabalhista, analisa morfológica e semântica-discursivamente as variações denominativas utilizadas pelos magistrados, bem como evidencia que essas variações, no discurso jurídico, tendem a dificultar a comunicação entre os especialistas da área e o usuário comum.O tema se justifica, na medida em que alguns autores, no domínio da Semântica e da Lexicologia, julgam desejável, nos discursos especializados, a eliminação de várias denominações para uma mesma noção, porém outros estudiosos discordam dessa postura e apontam que a sinonímia é presença incontestável em linguagens de especialidade. Discutem-se, assim, dentre outras, as teorias de Barbosa, Alves, Araújo, Faulstich, Ullmann, Bloomfield, Lopes, Geckeler, Lyons, Wuster, Boulanger, Auger, Cabré, Dubuc, Duque-Picard acerca do fenômeno linguístico em análise, como também conceitos e critérios de base para seu reconhecimento. Discutem-se, ainda, tipologias da sinonímia que podem ser aplicados à Terminologia, ainda que formulados no âmbito da Linguística, pois concebe-se que esta ciência não é desvinculada daquela. Demonstram-se termos da área do Direito que estão ou não em relação sinonímica, extraídos de decisões judiciais, as quais possuem estruturação, características linguísticas e objetivos específicos, mas, devido a, sobretudo, o uso de uma terminologia jurídica específica, não possui linguagem simples e objetiva. Percebe-se a necessidade de se analisar as unidades terminológicas em seu habitat natural, isto é, in vivo, dentro da comunicação especializada, no locus material dos discursos, por meio da análise de textos produzidos de maneira real, e não in vitro, fora do contexto de uso habitual. Observa-se que o trato da sinonímia em Terminologia deve ser bastante criterioso, não só quando se visa à elaboração da macroestrutura, da microestrutura e dos processos de remissivas em um trabalho terminográfico, mas também para se evitar ambiguidade nos textos de especialidade. Nessa direção, estabelecem-se, com esta pesquisa, paradigmas para uma futura elaboração de um glossário no domínio do Direito do Trabalho e do Processo Trabalhista. / This research recognizes the existence of synonymy and almost-synonymy in the law terminology, more specifically in the Labor Law and Labor Suit fields; analyses morphologically and semantic-discursively the variations used by the magistrates, and also makes evident that those variations, in the law discourse, tend to make more difficult the communications between the specialists in the field and the common user. The theme is justified, in the sense that some authors, in the Semantics and Lexicology domains, consider preferable, in specialized discourse, to eliminate the various denominations for the same notion. On the other hand, other scholars disagree from that posture and point out that synonymy is an incontestable presence in specialized languages. The theories from Barbosa, Alves, Araújo, Faulstich, Ullmann, Bloomfield, Lopes, Geckeler, Lyons, Wüster, Boulanger, Auger, Cabré, Dubuc, Duque-Picard are then discussed about the linguistic phenomenon under analysis, as well as concepts and basic criteria for its recognition. The typology of synonyms that can be applied to the terminology are also discussed, even though they are formulated in the field of Linguistics, as we consider this science is not detached from the other. Terms from the Law field which are or are not in a synonymic relation are demonstrated, extracted from legal decisions, which have specific structures, linguistic characteristics and objectives, but, due to, mainly, the use of a specific law terminology, does not have a simple and objective language. A necessity to analyze the terminological units in its natural habitat is perceived, that is, in vivo, within the specialized communication, in the material locus of discourse, outside the context of its habitual use. It is observed that the treatment of the synonymy in Terminology must be very judicious, not only for the elaboration of its macrostructure, microstructure and the remissive processes in a terminographic work, but also to avoid ambiguity in the specialized texts. In this direction, with this research we establish paradigms for a future elaboration of a glossary in the Labor Law and Labor Suit domains.

S.O. / Le présent mémoire vise à faire l’étude des procédés d’explicitation dans les traductions anglais-français de textes spécialisés de l’environnement. Plus précisément, notre but est d’identifier l'éventail de ces procédés d'explicitation, de faire leur analyse, de les classifier et de proposer quelques pistes quant aux causes possibles de l’explicitation dans la traduction. Nous présentons d’abord quelques travaux antérieurs qui ont porté sur l’explicitation dans des corpus de langue générale et dans des corpus spécialisés. Notre recherche a ceci de particulier qu’elle porte sur l’explicitation dans un corpus spécialisé, plus particulièrement dans des textes du domaine de l’environnement. L’explicitation est peu étudiée dans les textes spécialisés et, à notre connaissance, aucune étude n’a porté sur l’explicitation dans des textes environnementaux. Pour notre recherche, nous avons élaboré d’abord un corpus de textes anglais-français portant sur l’environnement. Notre corpus a ensuite été aligné au moyen de l’aligneur LogiTerm Pro. Cet aligneur nous permet de créer un corpus aligné qui est utile pour observer les manifestations d’explicitation. Les stratégies d'explicitation identifiées et classées par Pápai (2004) ont servi de base à notre propre classement. Nous avons découvert que les procédés d’explicitation se produisent à cinq niveaux : des relations logiques et visuelles, lexical et grammatical, syntaxiques I et II, textuel et extralinguistique. Le nombre total de procédés d’explicitation que nous avons identifiés est de 13. Le plus grand nombre de cas d’explicitations (445) se situe au niveau lexical et grammatical. Parmi les cas d’explicitations au niveau lexical et grammatical, le remplissage d’ellipses sémantiques présente le nombre le plus élevé de cas (186) dans notre corpus spécialisé. L’explicitation au niveau syntaxique I s’observe dans 173 cas; l’explicitation au niveau des relations logiques et visuelles s’observe dans 101 cas; l’explication au niveau syntaxique II a été relevée dans 50 cas. Enfin, l’explication se produit au niveau textuel et extralinguistique dans 37 cas. Après avoir observé notre corpus et d’après les résultats obtenus, nous avons pu constater que le nombre et la variété d’explicitations étaient élevés dans les traductions anglais-français de textes spécialisés environnementaux. / This work aims to study the explicitation strategies in English-French translations of specialized texts related to the field of environment. More specifically, our goal is to identify the range of these explicitation strategies, analyze and classify them. We will also offer some explanations of possible causes of explicitation in translation. First, we present some previous work on explicitation in general language corpora and in specialized corpora. A particularity of our own research is that it focuses on explicitation in a specialized corpus, more specifically in texts in the field of environment. Explicitation has seldom been studied in specialized texts and, to our knowledge, no study focused on explicitation in environmental texts. For our research, we compiled a corpus of English-French environment texts. Our corpus was then aligned using the aligner LogiTerm Pro. This aligner allows us to create aligned corpora that are useful to observe the linguistic instances of explicitation. The explicitation strategies identified and classified by Pápai (2004) have served as the basis for our own analysis. We found that the explicitation strategies occur at five levels: logical and visual relations, lexical and grammatical, syntactic I and II, textual and extra-linguistic. The total number of explicitation strategies that we have identified is 13. The largest number of explicitation instances (445) occurs on the lexical and grammatical level. Among explicitation instances on the lexical and grammatical level, filling semantic ellipses present the highest number of instances (186) in our specialized corpus. Explicitation on the syntactic level I was observed in 173 instances; explicitation on the logical and visual relations level in 101 instances; explicitation on the syntactic level II was found in 50 instances. Finally, explicitation occurred on the textual and extra-linguistic level in 37 instances. After observing our corpus and according to the results obtained, we have found that the number and variety of instances of explicitation are high in English-French translations of specialized texts in the field of the environment.

Le présent mémoire vise à faire l’étude des procédés d’explicitation dans les traductions anglais-français de textes spécialisés de l’environnement. Plus précisément, notre but est d’identifier l'éventail de ces procédés d'explicitation, de faire leur analyse, de les classifier et de proposer quelques pistes quant aux causes possibles de l’explicitation dans la traduction. Nous présentons d’abord quelques travaux antérieurs qui ont porté sur l’explicitation dans des corpus de langue générale et dans des corpus spécialisés. Notre recherche a ceci de particulier qu’elle porte sur l’explicitation dans un corpus spécialisé, plus particulièrement dans des textes du domaine de l’environnement. L’explicitation est peu étudiée dans les textes spécialisés et, à notre connaissance, aucune étude n’a porté sur l’explicitation dans des textes environnementaux. Pour notre recherche, nous avons élaboré d’abord un corpus de textes anglais-français portant sur l’environnement. Notre corpus a ensuite été aligné au moyen de l’aligneur LogiTerm Pro. Cet aligneur nous permet de créer un corpus aligné qui est utile pour observer les manifestations d’explicitation. Les stratégies d'explicitation identifiées et classées par Pápai (2004) ont servi de base à notre propre classement. Nous avons découvert que les procédés d’explicitation se produisent à cinq niveaux : des relations logiques et visuelles, lexical et grammatical, syntaxiques I et II, textuel et extralinguistique. Le nombre total de procédés d’explicitation que nous avons identifiés est de 13. Le plus grand nombre de cas d’explicitations (445) se situe au niveau lexical et grammatical. Parmi les cas d’explicitations au niveau lexical et grammatical, le remplissage d’ellipses sémantiques présente le nombre le plus élevé de cas (186) dans notre corpus spécialisé. L’explicitation au niveau syntaxique I s’observe dans 173 cas; l’explicitation au niveau des relations logiques et visuelles s’observe dans 101 cas; l’explication au niveau syntaxique II a été relevée dans 50 cas. Enfin, l’explication se produit au niveau textuel et extralinguistique dans 37 cas. Après avoir observé notre corpus et d’après les résultats obtenus, nous avons pu constater que le nombre et la variété d’explicitations étaient élevés dans les traductions anglais-français de textes spécialisés environnementaux. / This work aims to study the explicitation strategies in English-French translations of specialized texts related to the field of environment. More specifically, our goal is to identify the range of these explicitation strategies, analyze and classify them. We will also offer some explanations of possible causes of explicitation in translation. First, we present some previous work on explicitation in general language corpora and in specialized corpora. A particularity of our own research is that it focuses on explicitation in a specialized corpus, more specifically in texts in the field of environment. Explicitation has seldom been studied in specialized texts and, to our knowledge, no study focused on explicitation in environmental texts. For our research, we compiled a corpus of English-French environment texts. Our corpus was then aligned using the aligner LogiTerm Pro. This aligner allows us to create aligned corpora that are useful to observe the linguistic instances of explicitation. The explicitation strategies identified and classified by Pápai (2004) have served as the basis for our own analysis. We found that the explicitation strategies occur at five levels: logical and visual relations, lexical and grammatical, syntactic I and II, textual and extra-linguistic. The total number of explicitation strategies that we have identified is 13. The largest number of explicitation instances (445) occurs on the lexical and grammatical level. Among explicitation instances on the lexical and grammatical level, filling semantic ellipses present the highest number of instances (186) in our specialized corpus. Explicitation on the syntactic level I was observed in 173 instances; explicitation on the logical and visual relations level in 101 instances; explicitation on the syntactic level II was found in 50 instances. Finally, explicitation occurred on the textual and extra-linguistic level in 37 instances. After observing our corpus and according to the results obtained, we have found that the number and variety of instances of explicitation are high in English-French translations of specialized texts in the field of the environment. / S.O.