Denna uppsats kommer att undersöka hur bullernivån på två systerfartyg förändrats sedan föregående mätningar gjordes 2009. Fartygen är av typen Ro-Pax färjor och har trafikerat Östersjön under sin hela livslängd. Med hjälp av en ljudnivåmätare har bullernivåerna mätts på däck 1 och 2 ombord på båda fartygen, på däck 1 och 2 i fartygen finns maskinrum och utrymmen för proviantering. Mätningarna protokollfördes och sammanställdes i ett Excel dokument och kunde sedan jämföras med tidigare dokumenterade mätningar ifrån 2009. Med hjälp av de nya mätningarna har en ny bullerkarta sammanställts. Jämförelser gjordes även mellan systerfartygen sinsemellan. Vad kan ha förändrats på dryga 10 år? Hög bullernivå är ett arbetsmiljöproblem, för dem som jobbar i utrymmen där hög bullernivå förekommer är det viktigt att rätt skyddsutrustning tillhandahålls. När mätvärden jämfördes mellan systerbåtarna uppmättes ungefär samma bullervärden. Vid jämförelse av de nya bullermätningarna med de gamla från 2009 så skiljde mätresultatet ytterst lite. Bara något enstaka utrymme hade högre värde 2009 än de nya mätningarna. Vad kan detta bero på? Vid en granskning av underhållshistoriken för respektive båtars maskinutrustning som genererar buller följs planen enligt tillverkarnas rekommendationer. Vid köp av reservdelar, exempelvis lager används alltid originaldelar. Inspektion av isolering i de uppmätta utrymmena har visat sig vara intakt och inte borttagen. Vid jämförelse av systerfartygens bullermätningar och frekvensanalyser erhölls likvärdiga mätresultat, vid en titt på gångtider mellan fartygens maskineri är dessa lika då fartygen delar upp sina turer jämnt under året, slitaget på fartygen blir lika samt samma underhållsrutiner gäller för fartygen. Frekvensanalyserna påvisade ingen större skillnad vilket borde vara det normala då fartygen har identiska maskinkomponenter installerade i fartygen. / This essay will examine how the noise level of two sister ships has changed since the previous measurements were made in 2009. The vessels are of the Ro-Pax ferries type and have operated the Baltic Sea for their entire lifetime. With the aid of a decibel meter, the noise levels have been measured on deck 1 and 2 on board both vessels, on deck 1 and 2 of the vessels there are engine rooms and spaces for provisioning. The measurements were recorded and compiled in an Excel document and could then be compared with previously documented measurements from 2009. With the help of new measurements, a new noise map could be compiled. Comparisons were also made between the sister vessels among themselves. What may have changed in just over 10 years? High noise levels are a work environment problem, for those who work in spaces where high noise levels occur, it is important that the right protective equipment is provided. When measured values ​​were compared between the sister vessels, approximately the same noise values ​​were measured. When comparing the new noise measurements with the old ones from 2009, the measurement result differed very little. Just a single space that had a higher value in 2009 than the new measurements. What can this be due to? In an examination of the maintenance history of each boat's machine equipment that generates noise, the maintenance plan is followed according to the manufacturers' recommendations, when buying spare parts, for example bearings, original parts are always used. Inspection of insulation in the measured spaces has proved to be intact and not removed. When comparing the noise measurements and frequency analyses of the sister ships, equivalent measurement results were obtained, at a look at the running times between the vessels machinery, these are even when the vessels divide their trips evenly during the year, the wear on the ships being equal and equal maintenance routines being followed between the vessels. The frequency analyzes showed no major difference, which should be normal when the vessels have identical machine components installed in the vessels.

The ratification of the Paris agreement has motivated nations to investigate howsubstantial greenhouse gas emission reductions can be accomplished for limiting globalwarming under two degrees Celsius. In Sweden, the magnitude of CO2 emissionsfrom domestic transportation is approximately one third of all other emission sectorscombined. It is therefore crucial for Sweden to stimulate substantial reductions in thissector. Local actors' possibilities to contribute to climate change mitigation arecentral to succeed albeit constrained in the transportation sector due to data andresource limitations. With the intention to benefit local climate change mitigationwork, a model capable of estimating the tailpipe CO2 emissions from passenger carswas created. The modelling exploited traffic work data from mandatory vehiclechecks conducted in Sweden for calculating CO2 emissions per car and year for theperiod of 1999-2017, to thereafter be aggregated for a municipality, i.e. a bottom-upapproach. The model and model results have been validated with official data andemission factors from HBEFA, whereas model configurations have also beencontrolled with sensitivity analyses. The model was applied for a case-study, Järfälla, amunicipality who recently had a carbon budget developed. Model results illustrated anincreasing trend in CO2 emissions for the period of 1999-2017 and were alsopresented over fuel technology, mass and car age. Moreover, the model was appliedto produce CO2 estimates per postal codes in the municipality for 2017 and toquantify the effect of explorative scenarios, i.e. policy goals, on CO2 emissions.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how BIM can be used in a more widespread way at a contractor's project organization within infrastructure. This includes an analysis of the factors that are important to take into account and what barriers an organization must overcome. The thesis has also compared infrastructure- and real-estate projects in terms of BIM-usage. A case study has been carried out at the construction company NCC in Sweden with a qualitative approach. The study builds on a theoretical framework and empirical data that have been gathered through a literature review and interviews. The results show that there is a need for at least one person responsible, and with mandate to drive change at a local level in the organization. The planning and production phase need a consensus on how to work with BIM and how the technology should be used within a project organization. There is also a need for a requirement and monitoring process towards planners and consultants before the planning process starts. Moreover, the study concludes that BIM usage in infrastructure projects differ from that of real estate project. It therefore suggests that the two should not be directly compared in terms of the potential of the technology. Keywords: BIM, Building information modelling, Infrastructure, Case study, Innovation, Project-based organizations

Talent turnover is a threat to different industries, and ICT industry is one industry sector that suffers the highest turnover rate of its skillful ICT project workers. Even though practitioners and researchers from strategic human resource management has taken the issue into great deal of concerns, yet the turnover rate in the industry is still high. Due to that, many ICT project failures was related to such high turnover rate that the industry inherited. This study attempted to address the question of how to better retain skillful ICT project workers, and explored how leading behavior (i.e. task-oriented behaviors, relation-oriented behavior and change-oriented) and leading style (i.e. autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire) of project managers affect turnover intention of project workers, while considering the two most significant tendencies to turnover intentions; motivation and job satisfaction. Explorative qualitative research method was used, and due to the nature of the study, inductive and deductive reasoning was adopted. Both primary and secondary data was collected. Primary data was collected from 10 skillful ICT project workers, through skype-based interview and web-based qualitative survey. Through this exploratory research, the study found that not only leadership of project managers plays major role in retention of skillful ICT project workers through right leading behavior and style at the right situation, but also certain leading behavior and styles can contribute to turnover intention of skillful ICT project workers. More specifically, the study found that low relation with low task concern leading behavior, and high task with low relation concern behavior results in project workers demotivation and job dissatisfaction, and ultimately lead to their turnover intention. Furthermore, autocratic leadership style is found to contribute to demotivation and job dissatisfaction of high competent and high committed project workers, where ineffective application of laissez-faire, and democratic leadership style also results in demotivation and work dissatisfaction of project workers, and ultimately lead to turnover intentions. On the contrary, some skillful project workers perceived mix leading styles, such as delegative, participative and supportive fit in their needs, and expressed their desire to stay with the organization if they work under project manager with such blending leading style. Keywords: Leadership, retention, turnover project manager, project workers, , project management, ICT industry, Indonesia, motivation, job satisfaction

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Low income countries such as Bangladesh are among many of the developing countries in the world where people suffer from poverty which affect their living conditions, especially the empowerment, more specifically economic empowerment of rural and/or indigent women. Many actors such as non-government organizations (NGOs) aspire towards working on means which will improve the empowerment status of rural women in the economy of Bangladesh. It is hoped to thereby reduce poverty levels which in turn they hope will impact the society and its economy positively. One of the methods which many developing countries have chosen in order to increase economic empowerment of rural women is through encouraging their participation in the operation of small scale and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).  Bangladesh is thus trying to increase the power and control women have at different levels of society by exerting a significant role on the use of SMEs to generate empowerment among rural women and to transform the economic condition of these impoverished women and their families by providing them means of earning income and hence making them economically more stable. However, there are still many impediments which hinder the success of SMEs in empowering women in Bangladesh; such as entrenched gender inequalities, lack of knowledge and access to livelihood resources, unbalanced power structures, etc.. These impediments are even more prevalent among rural women and affect the impact that SMEs have on the lives of rural Bangladeshi women. If these issues can be resolved rural/indigent women of Bangladesh can be better empowered through the activities of women-owned enterprises to offer better standards of living for rural women. This study identified various ways that SMEs positively impact the lives of indigent women in Bangladesh and change their social and economic conditions, drawing on theories and concepts of empowerment, power, and alternative development. The connection between empowerment and livelihood resources have important implications for women economic empowerment. This connection was in turn used to discover the reasons behind why so many rural women suffer from lack of empowerment, power and social and political invisibility despite the push by NGOs and the government to make women a part of the paid workforce through women empowerment initiatives.

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Mellan 2017-2018 drev författaren till denna uppsats Blodcancerförbundets projekt Patientrelaterade mått som syftade till att undersöka vad blodcancerpatienter tycker är viktigt under patientresan och därigenom hur kvalitet skulle kunna förstås utifrån ett patientperspektiv. En empirisk studie utfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med 28 medlemmar från Blodcancerförbundet. I samband med projektets genomförande skrevs även detta magisterarbete som, med utgångspunkt i teorin om mellanbegrepp, analyserar vilka aspekter som är relevanta för patientupplevd kvalitet utifrån ett patientperspektiv. Insamlade data från den empiriska studien analyseras och en diskussion förs kring relevansen hos olika aspekter av patientupplevd kvalitet. Arbetet utmynnar i en presentation av möjliga grunder för patientupplevd kvalitet och belyser den stora komplexiteten i att bedöma vad som är relevant för patientens upplevelse av kvalitet. / During 2017-2018, the author of this paper ran The Swedish Blood Cancer Association's project Patientrelaterade mått (Patient-related measures), which aimed to investigate what blood cancer patients think is important during the patient journey and thereby how quality could be understood from a patient perspective. An empirical study was conducted through qualitative interviews with 28 members of the Blood Cancer Association. In connection with the project's implementation, this master's thesis was written and, inspired by the theory of intermediate concepts, it analyses what aspects are relevant to patient-perceived quality, from a patient's perspective. Collected data from the empirical study is analyzed and a discussion is held about the relevance of different aspects of patient-perceived quality. The work results in a presentation of possible grounds for patient-perceived quality and highlights the great complexity of the process of assessing what is relevant to the patient's perception av quality.

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Denna artikel presenterar skillnaderna inom spelupplevelse för spel som kan spelas i både VR (Virtual Reality, eng. för virtuell verklighet) och på en datorskärm samt hur dessa kan leda till cybersickness (åksjuka). VR blir alltmer lättillgängligt och används ofta inom media, men är spelupplevelsen verkligen bättre i VR och gäller detta för alla spelgenrer? Spelet som studien utförs på är ett lugnt spel, där hot och tidsbaserade uppgifter inte existerar. Spelet är skapat i spelmotorn Unity, kan spelas på båda plattformarna och anses ha spelgenren ”Walking Simulator”. Genom att hålla spelsessioner med olika deltagare så insamlades relevant data för studien. Den insamlade datan visar att det inte funnits någon större skillnad i spelupplevelse mellan versionerna. Trots detta så har majoriteten av deltagarna föredragit VR-versionen.