This essay examines if there is any difference how the two biggest tabloids in Sweden, Aftonbladet and Expressen is portraying the Swedish national football team for both woman and men. The purpose is to compare and see if there is any difference regarding what gender you have. We have also examined what gender the authors for the articles have. We have used a quantitative content analysis to get our results. In conclusion, there is a big difference in medial space regarding what gender you have. But there is no significant difference how the reporters are using their language depending what national team they’re writing about. There is also a big majority of male reporters that writes about the national teams.

Problem definition and purpose: In 2015, the newspapers sports columns is filled with opinions and analyzes of the events foretold by self-proclaimed experts, sports journalists at the newspapers, This is done to market themselves and their employer, create a relationship with their readers and stand out from the competition. In this thesis we researched two Swedish tabloids, to try to establish whether there has been a notable change in opinions on the sports sections during the last twenty years. Method and material: Quantative content analysis of sport pages of Swedish tabloids Aftonbladet and Expressen during 4-10 November 1995, 2005 and 2015. By identifying how many of the published articles that can be categorized as opinions, and by measuring those articles in square centimeter, we are using graphs and tables to show how the opinion-based material has changed fron 1995 until 2015. Main result: The thesis shows an increasing in opinions and opinion based journalism in Swedish tabloids sport pages over the course of a twenty-year period.

<p>The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of the sport journalistic weblog. To achieve this we have used the following questions: Which themes are included in the sport journalistic weblog? How much text does the sport journalistic weblog content? How often is multimediality incorporated in the sport journalistic weblog? Which references occur in the sport journalistic weblog? How many hyperlinks occur in the sport journalistic weblog? How many of the hyperlinks is internal respective external? How often does the sport journalistic weblog offers possibilities to interaction between the journalist and the reader? How often does interaction between the journalist and the reader occur?</p><p>The theories we have used is both online publishing and Jan Schmidt’s analytical framework on blogs. Online publishing describes an important part in our paper, online journalism, which in turn describes three important definitions for this paper; hypertextuality, multimediality and interactivity. Jan Schmidt’s theory is central to understand the phenomena, and functions as a starting point in the analyze part. The method that we have used is a quantitative content analysis with a descriptive approach. This paper consists mostly of reliable sources, with only a few exceptions which we have constrained in our work. This means almost all sources are science material.</p><p>The conclusion of this paper is as follows:</p><p>The most appeared theme in the sport journalistic weblog is athlete, followed by the official fact theme, and from then on the private life theme. The general conclusion about the first question is that the most common theme is the athlete theme. Text is counted as words, and the sport journalistic weblog contents 177 words (related to its mean value). But note that the variation in words is quite large in different weblogs. Multimediality is almost exclusively excluded in the material, only pictures appear in some degree in the weblogs. The most common reference in the sport journalistic weblog is the journalist’s personal experience and references of complete or parts of quotes and interviews. 227 hyperlinks appeared in the sport journalistic weblog, where 215 was internal and 12 external. Another conclusion in this paper is that there’s always an opportunity for interaction between the journalist and the reader. Indeed this possibility creates chances of interaction, but its importance is quite insignificant because it’s not being used. It is, however, more regular with interaction from the reader than the journalist. Therefore we can conclude that the interaction is more like a one-way communication, rather than dialogical.</p>

The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of the sport journalistic weblog. To achieve this we have used the following questions: Which themes are included in the sport journalistic weblog? How much text does the sport journalistic weblog content? How often is multimediality incorporated in the sport journalistic weblog? Which references occur in the sport journalistic weblog? How many hyperlinks occur in the sport journalistic weblog? How many of the hyperlinks is internal respective external? How often does the sport journalistic weblog offers possibilities to interaction between the journalist and the reader? How often does interaction between the journalist and the reader occur? The theories we have used is both online publishing and Jan Schmidt’s analytical framework on blogs. Online publishing describes an important part in our paper, online journalism, which in turn describes three important definitions for this paper; hypertextuality, multimediality and interactivity. Jan Schmidt’s theory is central to understand the phenomena, and functions as a starting point in the analyze part. The method that we have used is a quantitative content analysis with a descriptive approach. This paper consists mostly of reliable sources, with only a few exceptions which we have constrained in our work. This means almost all sources are science material. The conclusion of this paper is as follows: The most appeared theme in the sport journalistic weblog is athlete, followed by the official fact theme, and from then on the private life theme. The general conclusion about the first question is that the most common theme is the athlete theme. Text is counted as words, and the sport journalistic weblog contents 177 words (related to its mean value). But note that the variation in words is quite large in different weblogs. Multimediality is almost exclusively excluded in the material, only pictures appear in some degree in the weblogs. The most common reference in the sport journalistic weblog is the journalist’s personal experience and references of complete or parts of quotes and interviews. 227 hyperlinks appeared in the sport journalistic weblog, where 215 was internal and 12 external. Another conclusion in this paper is that there’s always an opportunity for interaction between the journalist and the reader. Indeed this possibility creates chances of interaction, but its importance is quite insignificant because it’s not being used. It is, however, more regular with interaction from the reader than the journalist. Therefore we can conclude that the interaction is more like a one-way communication, rather than dialogical.

Previous studies have shown that football is getting more commercial and together with increased digital possibilities football clubs can bypass traditional media and attract audience via their own media channels. With strategic communication and agenda setting as a theoretic background I wanted to investigate how Swedish top football clubs used their own media channels, what affected the media strategy of the big clubs in Sweden and how sports journalists perceived the football club’s communicative development. I choose AIK as a case and I observed them and sports journalists before, during and after the local derby against Djurgården. Furthermore, I analyzed AIK´s content in their own media channels and media’s coverage of AIK-Djurgården. Finally, I conducted qualitative interviews with representatives from AIK and three sport journalists at three Swedish newspapers. My study revealed that the AIK significantly planned and applied strategic content and messaging across their media channels, consistent with the techniques used by more mature and traditional media organizations. When it comes to access to the club and players there are tendencies and signs of less accessibility, but in general Swedish sport journalists see the Swedish Allsvenskan as open and not as commercial and controlled as the major European football leagues. In the end journalists believe that the material which is produced by AIK and the other big Stockholm clubs (Djurgården and Hammarby) can be seen as a compliment, but also a competitor to the material that media produce.

The aim of this study is to examine in which way nationalistic influences plays a prominent part in the news coverage of larger media houses. This by studying how  two newspapers, Swedish Aftonbladet and Norwegian Verdens Gang, portrays and reports about Therese Johaug after she was tested positive for doping.   We performed a critical discourse analysis of a total of 20 web-based news articles. These articles were chosen from the date the news appeared and one week forward. This in order to see if the the two newspapers were characterized with nationalistic tendencies as well as comparing them to see what the differences and similarities might be.   By using theories such as national identitets, nationalism, ”us and them” and imagined communities we came to the conclusion that a nationalistic discourse is very much present. The subjects in the articles often become representatives of either Norway or Sweden - depending on the nationality. Johaug is mostly characterized as a national hero and sympathies are often shown from the norwegian news-articles. The opposite meaning were shown in the swedish news-articles. Described as an antagonist and a cheat - the complete opposite of a national hero. Imagined communities are also present as a nationalistic discourse. The people of Norway and Sweden are often involved - in order to justify this imagined community which occurs within the nation's borders.   The similarities and differences between the two newspapers are quite subtle - but present nonetheless. This with a nationalistic discourse which confirms both previous research and our theoretical framework.

1 Abstract This diploma thesis focuses on women in their roles of sportcasters, namely in the view of master's degree journalism students and the students at sport faculties at Charles University, Palacký University and Masaryk University (i.e. prospective generation of sport specialists and journalists). The theoretical part gives insight into commenting live sport broadcasting and its brief history. Beside that, it also throws light on the issue of gender and position of women in Czech sport editorial offices. Additionaly, there is a part dealing with female sport presenters Vicki Sparks and Claudia Neumann, who became pioneers at commenting major sport events. In the analytical part, the author processed data received through questionary survey. She described not only the future sport specialists' and journalists' view of specific work of female sportcasters, but also prospective differences between men and women presenters in sports editorial journalistic departments. A benefitial part of the analysis is a personal experience of two women respondents who gave personal replies in the questionaries regarding actual work in the sport newsroom.

Os processos de absorção do jornalismo pela indústria cultural e de espetacularização de modalidades de alto rendimento têm intensificado a exploração do esporte como produto de entretenimento dentro da cobertura especializada. Originalmente lúdica, a atividade esportiva tornou-se um negócio altamente lucrativo, nas últimas três décadas, para as entidades que organizam as competições e para os patrocinadores, entre eles grandes empresas de comunicação. A constante veiculação de imagens e informações sobre equipes e atletas midiáticos faz a sociedade absorver o esporte como artigo da indústria do entretenimento. Por meio da análise das pautas do Globo Esporte/SP e do Caderno de Esportes, principais telejornais esportivos diários da Rede Globo e do Esporte Interativo, respectivamente, a dissertação mostra que esses programas priorizam o aspecto da diversão, em busca da audiência. Prescinde-se de um aprofundamento em temas como política e economia do esporte, pois o futebol, com os resultados da rodada e o dia a dia dos clubes e dos jogadores mais populares, domina o noticiário. No caso da Rede Globo, detentora dos direitos de transmissão de diversos campeonatos nacionais e internacionais, seu único telejornal esportivo diário funciona como parte da engrenagem para promover os grandes eventos que compõem a ampla teia de negócios do conglomerado de comunicação e seus parceiros comerciais. O Esporte Interativo, empresa nova e em crescimento, adota a mesma estratégia ao privilegiar os campeonatos dos quais é proprietário. Além disso, reproduz os assuntos de seus concorrentes, numa lógica para disputa de audiência e para atrair anunciantes. Segue-se um modelo pronto e repetitivo, envolvendo os mesmos assuntos e personagens, como jogadores, treinadores e dirigentes dos grandes clubes. Ao público é oferecida uma mercadoria para consumo passivo, sem reflexões, sem questionamentos, sem aprimorar o esporte. O espaço para a atividade física como ferramenta educacional é restrito. Num mundo mediado por imagens, ampliar e equilibrar a agenda esportiva é um desafio para os profissionais de comunicação, e esse debate deve partir da academia. O predomínio do esporte espetáculo e do entretenimento esvazia a crítica e desfavorece o exercício do jornalismo de interesse público, que deveria contribuir para a transformação da sociedade em todos os setores. / The process of absorption of journalism by the culture industry and the spectacularization of high performance sports have increased the exploration of sport as entertainment inside the media specialized. Originally ludic, the sport activity has become a highly profitable business, in the last three decades, for the federations that organize competitions and for sponsors, including big media companies. The constant flux of images and information over popular teams and athletes makes the society absorb the sport as product of Entertainment Industry. This Master\'s dissertation presents an analysis of Globo Esporte/SP and Caderno de Esportes, the most influential daily sports newscasts at Globo and Esporte Interativo, respectively, to show that these TV programs prioritize the aspects of amusement, to reach large audience. There is not a deeper analysis in issues as politic and economy of sports. The football (results and information - over the most popular players and teams) dominates the news. Rede Globo pays huge sums of money for the rights to broadcast many national and international tournaments, so Globo Esporte is part of a strategy to promote these major events and benefit the communication conglomerate and its commercial partners. Esporte Interativo, a new TV station in growth stage, adopts the same strategy for privileging the events with rights owned by the company. Besides, Esporte Interativo reproduces the agenda of other TV stations, to dispute audience and to attract advertisers. The sports newscasts follow a repetitive model, involving the same themes and persons - players, coaches and directors of football teams and others mediatic modalities. To the public is offered a content for passive consumption, without reflections and discussions to improve the sport. The space to work physical activity as educational way is limited. In a world supported by images, the challenge for the professionals of communication is to enlarge and balance the sport agenda. This debate should start in the academy. The predominance of sporting mega-events, just for entertainment, disrupts journalism as public interest, that should be contributing to the transformation of society over different sector.

El carácter ético es inherente a la praxis comunicativa desde sus orígenes, ya que sin éste no tendría sentido el servicio democrático de los medios de comunicación. En el discurso comunicativo actual, los medios de comunicación deportivos deben tener en cuenta el gran impacto de su información en la fomentación de estados de ánimo y de pasión en los aficionados al deporte. Desde la sociedad se reclama una práctica ética de los medios en la información deportiva, a los que se acusa de subjetividad, sensacionalismo y falta de rigor y credibilidad. En esta investigación nos proponemos analizar el carácter ético de los medios de comunicación deportivos a través del cumplimiento de los códigos deontológicos de la profesión, que son los garantes del derecho de la ciudadanía a una información fidedigna. / The ethical nature is inherent to the communicative praxis from its origins, because without this there would be no sense the democratic service in the mass media. Nowadays, in the current media speech, the sports media must be careful with the great influence of your information in the sports supporters. The society is calling to mass media for a better ethical practice in the sport information, accusing them of subjectivity, sensationalism and ausence of rigor and credibility. In this research we analyze the ethical nature of the sports media through the fulfillment of the professional ethics principles, which are the main guarantee for the citizens´ right to a true information.

This dissertation is the very first scholarly text to bring a wider perspective on the genesis of Czech sport journalism, starting with its beginnings in the latter half of the 1800's and extending to the year of 1918, when this profession became an independent branch of the newspaper business. Given the paucity of original literature, the present work is based primarily on the study of period newspapers and archival materials, employing mainly the direct and the indirect methods of historiography. The main purpose of it was to describe the formation of the discipline of sport journalism in the broader context of the Czech society, sports and media, rather than regarding it as an independent, isolated process. The constituent parts of this dissertation, which renders the dawn of Czech sport journalism, include the most important titles of the day as well as the key personalities in the publishing and journalism of the period, the issue of sport reportage within the established political press, and also the genesis of the professions of sport journalist and sport photographer. The chapters that place the main theme within a wider historical context compare the brief description of the evolution of sport journalism in the Czech lands to the origins of sport journalism in other countries (Great Britain, USA,...