No description available.

This thesis examines the history of urban squatting in East and West Berlin from c. 1970 to c.1990. In doing so, it explores the relationship between urban space, opposition and conformity, mainstream and alternative cultures, as well as questions of identity and belonging in both halves of the formerly divided city. During Berlin’s history of division, illegal squatting was undertaken by a diverse range of actors from across the period’s political and Cold War divides. The practice emerged in both East and West Berlin during the early 1970s, continuing and intensifying during the following decade, before the traditions of squatting on both sides of the Berlin Wall converged in 1989-­‐90, as the city’s – and Germany’s – physical division was overcome. Squatting, this thesis argues, provides an important yet little studied chapter in Berlin’s – and indeed Germany’s – post-­‐war history. What is more, it provides an example of the ways in which, during the period of Cold War division, Berlin’s and Germany’s symbolic meaning was not only contested between East and West, but was, within the respective societies, also re-­‐interpreted from below. Drawing on a broad range of archival sources, this thesis compares and contrasts the experience of squatters on both sides of the Berlin Wall, and the ways in which the respective polities responded to this phenomenon. Broadly similar paradigms of urban renewal, this thesis argues, account for not only parallels in the temporality but also the geography of squatting in East and West Berlin. In both Berlins, this thesis demonstrates, the history of squatting was interconnected with that of domestic opposition and political dissidence. Moreover, squatting contributed to the emergence of alternative urban lifestyles, which sustained comparable urban sub-­‐cultures on both sides of the Cold War divide. Perhaps counter-­‐intuitively, this thesis argues that, East Germany’s apparatus of control notwithstanding, the relationship between squatters and the authorities in the GDR was generally more consensual than it was between their counterparts in West Germany and West Berlin. The thesis not only points to the limits of the totalitarian model of interpretation when applied to late Socialist society in the GDR, but also questions the dominant historiographical trend of studying the two Germanys in isolation from one another. Taking its cue from a number of influential scholars, this thesis asserts the importance of incorporating the experiences of both East and West Germany into a narrative of the nation’s divided past. Through identifying and analysing the overarching variable of urban squatting, this thesis attempts to develops a perspective that regards the post-­‐war history of East and West Germany as part of a wider whole.

The modern-day phenomenon house-squatting is typically performed by social movements. Social movements can be assumed to be multifaceted and straggly. The individuals meet different needs and incentives. They find inspiration from circumstances in everyday life, as well as globally, the focus lies on information/communication rather than distribution of material resources. This thesis aims to map the individual as well as the collective attributes among the participants in the women’s house-squatting in Umeå 1983, using a theoretical framework representing social movement characteristics. The results show that the political and social aims to some extent outweighed the symbolic participation. Inspiration predominantly stems from everyday circumstances but is often related to the global ditto. Information and communication play a prominent role, although material resources should not be rejected entirely. In addition, it can be concluded that the participants show contradictory behaviors, because of the movement’s multifaceted and straggly composition.

No description available.

No description available.

<p>Squatting innebär att människor illegalt bosätter sig på mark eller ockuperar tomma hus för att ha någonstans att bo. I samband med att världens storstäder växer, växer även squattingområden. För att förbättra situationen för bland annat squatters, hölls 1996 en FN-konferens, Habitat II.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa problemet med squatting och undersöker om Habitat II:s beslut haft någon inverkan på det deltagande landet Sydafrika. Den teoretiska ansatsen är realism och managerialism, där man menar att bostadssegregation beror på sociala och rumsliga hinder, samt att det är de med makt som ansvarar för bostadsituationen. De dokument från Habitat II har studerats som berör squatters samt sydafrikanska bostadspolitiska dokument. Även en litterär fallstudie av förstaden Alexandra har gjorts.</p><p>Squatting i Sydafrika till stor del beror på den tidigare apartheid som bedrevs i landet under större delen av 1900-talet. Squatters situation har i viss mån förbättrats efter 1996, men mer beroende på apartheids avvecklande och de nya regeringarnas vilja att förändra situationen än Habitat II:s dokument. Habitat II poängterar hur viktigt det är med lokalt deltagande organisationer och dessa har stor roll i förbättrandet för squatters. Många organisationer i Sydafrika har drivit bostadsfrågan framåt lokalt. Samtidigt är flera organisationer alltför korrupta, likaså de bygg- och finansieringsbolag som ska ordna bostäder, varför situationen för många squatters fortfarande är oförändrad.</p>

Squatting innebär att människor illegalt bosätter sig på mark eller ockuperar tomma hus för att ha någonstans att bo. I samband med att världens storstäder växer, växer även squattingområden. För att förbättra situationen för bland annat squatters, hölls 1996 en FN-konferens, Habitat II. Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa problemet med squatting och undersöker om Habitat II:s beslut haft någon inverkan på det deltagande landet Sydafrika. Den teoretiska ansatsen är realism och managerialism, där man menar att bostadssegregation beror på sociala och rumsliga hinder, samt att det är de med makt som ansvarar för bostadsituationen. De dokument från Habitat II har studerats som berör squatters samt sydafrikanska bostadspolitiska dokument. Även en litterär fallstudie av förstaden Alexandra har gjorts. Squatting i Sydafrika till stor del beror på den tidigare apartheid som bedrevs i landet under större delen av 1900-talet. Squatters situation har i viss mån förbättrats efter 1996, men mer beroende på apartheids avvecklande och de nya regeringarnas vilja att förändra situationen än Habitat II:s dokument. Habitat II poängterar hur viktigt det är med lokalt deltagande organisationer och dessa har stor roll i förbättrandet för squatters. Många organisationer i Sydafrika har drivit bostadsfrågan framåt lokalt. Samtidigt är flera organisationer alltför korrupta, likaså de bygg- och finansieringsbolag som ska ordna bostäder, varför situationen för många squatters fortfarande är oförändrad.

This interior design practicum explores alternative options for itinerant living in the twenty-first century with concern as to how unoccupied space is used more efficiently through questioning the way an individual identifies, inhabits and transforms unoccupied space into meaningful place. The designed solution emerges through case study research, photographic analysis and supportive space and place related theories as the guerrilla intervention of an adaptable, mobile interior unit. This micro dwelling challenges typical urban lifestyles and demonstrates that for individuals to form genuine connection and dependence on place, place must continuously reflect its occupant. This understanding of place and its subcomponents leads to a greater knowledge of user needs when designing alternative housing options within an increasingly itinerant society. Utilizing mixed methodologies and studying a 1:1 prototype, this practicum reveals an extended understanding of the potential unoccupied urban infrastructure has in providing rich environments to house temporal, versatile places to dwell and call home.

This interior design practicum explores alternative options for itinerant living in the twenty-first century with concern as to how unoccupied space is used more efficiently through questioning the way an individual identifies, inhabits and transforms unoccupied space into meaningful place. The designed solution emerges through case study research, photographic analysis and supportive space and place related theories as the guerrilla intervention of an adaptable, mobile interior unit. This micro dwelling challenges typical urban lifestyles and demonstrates that for individuals to form genuine connection and dependence on place, place must continuously reflect its occupant. This understanding of place and its subcomponents leads to a greater knowledge of user needs when designing alternative housing options within an increasingly itinerant society. Utilizing mixed methodologies and studying a 1:1 prototype, this practicum reveals an extended understanding of the potential unoccupied urban infrastructure has in providing rich environments to house temporal, versatile places to dwell and call home.

This thesis explores the relationships between punk and anarchism in the contemporary contexts of the UK, Poland, and Indonesia from an insider punk and anarchist perspective. New primary ethnographic information forms the bulk of the research, drawing on Grounded Theory Method and an engagement with Orientalism. The theoretical framework is informed by the concept of antinomy which embraces complication and contradiction and rather than attempt to smooth-out complexities, impose a simplified narrative, or construct a fanciful dialectic, the thesis examines the numerous tensions that emerge in order to critique the relationships between punk and anarchism. A key tension which runs throughout the PhD is the dismissal of punk by some anarchists. This is often couched in terms of lifestylist versus workerist anarchism, with punk being denigrated in association with the former. The case studies bring out this tension, but also significantly complicate it, and the final chapter analyses this issue in more detail to argue that punk engages with a wide spectrum of anarchisms, and that the lifestylist / workerist dichotomy is anyway false. The case studies themselves focus on themes such as anti-fascism, food sovereignty/animal rights activism, politicisation, feminism, squatting, religion, and repression. New empirical information, garnered through numerous interviews and extensive participant observation in the UK, Poland, and Indonesia, informs the thick description of the case study contexts. The theory and analysis emerge from this data, and the voice of the punks themselves is given primacy here.