39 slides / Planting Guidelines; Container Trees and Shrubs (1998) Plant Selection and Selecting your Plants (2000) Selecting, Planting and Caring for Landscape Trees (DVD and VHS (2003); Originally published: 2006 / This slide set with accompanying notes is intended to educate profesisonals in the nursery and landscape trade and lay people interested in proper horticultural practices related to selecting, planting and staking trees.

Various forms of staking, guying, and root ball anchoring are used to prevent post-transplant tree destabilization in the landscape, but little scientific evidence exists to support this practice. This experiment tested the efficacy of three generic tree stabilization systems (TSS) and their effect on tree growth and establishment. In spring 2006, 48 balled and burlapped, 6.4 cm (2.5 inch) diameter, white ash (Fraxinus americana L. Autumn Purpleâ ) were transplanted to a field site in Blacksburg, VA. At planting, one of four TSS treatments (staking, guying, root ball anchoring, or non-stabilized) was installed on each tree. After five weeks, tree pulling tests were conducted on 24 trees to simulate a strong wind load using a cable winch mounted to a skid-steer loader. After one growing season, change in tree height, trunk diameter, and trunk taper were compared among the 24 remaining trees. Soil cores were taken and the length, diameter, and dry weight of roots within the cores were analyzed. TSS were then removed and tree pulling tests were conducted using the same method. The five week tests showed that destabilization was significantly greater for non-stabilized trees (mean of 16 degrees from vertical) than for trees with TSS (all means less than 3 degrees from vertical). Yet after one growing season, there were no significant differences among any treatments in tree stability. We conclude that in locations with high wind speeds, TSS may be necessary for trees similar to those in our study, but only for a very short period of time. Results also indicated that staking, guying, and root ball anchoring were equally effective, very robust, very durable, caused no tree injuries, and did not impact tree growth or establishment after one growing season. Practical considerations may therefore play a more important role when choosing which TSS to use. Although the time required for TSS installation was similar for each system, staking was more than twice as expensive as guying or root ball anchoring. / Master of Science

This study is set in the broad context of the changing world of work that is characterised by the dissolution of full-time stable employment and the emergence of precarious, insecure forms of work (see e.g. Gorz, 1999, Hardt and Negri, 2005, Huws, 2016, Lorey, 2015, Ross, 2003, Ross, 2009, Smith, 2001, Standing, 2011). As a response to these labour market uncertainties a growing number of individuals are managing multiple areas of the self as part of their work or occupation. This trend has been termed 'the new worker-subjectivity' or 'the entrepreneurial self' that is formed through practices of self-management (Bührmann, 2005, Lorey, 2009). Despite increasing awareness of the emergence of the entrepreneurial worker-subjectivity, research into practices of self-management has only focused on occupational groups in formal work. Knowledge about the trend in the context of virtual workers who operate outside of conventional working relations and have no publicly recognised work identity is largely missing. In order to address this gap, this study explores how entrepreneurial worker-subjectivities manifest in professional online poker players as an emerging online occupation. It investigates how these workers manage themselves in the absence of formal organisational control and socially recognised occupational norms, and asks what are the effects of this self-management on the quality of their working lives? The study is based on 39 in-depth interviews with people involved in online poker or other similar activities such as online gaming or trading. The interviews were conducted either face-to-face in Estonia, Bulgaria, Romania and UK or over Skype between December 2012 and May 2014. The study develops an analytical framework for researching entrepreneurial worker-subjectivities in the context of an emerging occupation and a three-stage-model of the trajectory that provides a basis for exploring the career paths of professional online poker players. Using these framework, the study finds that professional online poker players manage various areas of the self by following informal occupational rules and that their sense of professionalism is largely derived from various practices of self-management that help them distinguish from recreational players. The study also discovers conflicting relations of autonomy and control among the workers and a range of negative effects that self-management practices have on professional online poker players. It concludes that professional online poker is not a sustainable long-term career option. These findings contribute to a better understanding of virtual work, the emergence of online poker playing as a form of work and the development of the entrepreneurial worker-subjectivity.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1154331 bytes, checksum: 7d1e2b4987da6a7f0b00569b342f9df6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There are several techniques that can be used to increase quality and yield of tomato fruits, such as staking methods, plant training, pruning, fruit thinning and planting density. Thus, the objective of the author in this research was to propose and evaluate the agronomic and economic efficiency of tomato cultivation systems (Viçosa Tomato Growing System) and compare them to the ones currently used. The systems were: Fitilho - plants staked vertically with strings and pruned to one stem, spaced 1.2 x 0.5 m; Bambu 50 vertically staking with bamboo and plants pruned to one stem, spaced 1.2 x 0.5 m; Bambo 60 plants staked vertically with bamboo and pruned to two stems, spaced 1.2 x 0.6 m; Cerca Cruzada triangular staking method and plants pruned to two stems, spaced 1.2 x 0.6 m; Viçosa 20 - plants grown in Viçosa system, spaced 2 x 0.2 m; Viçosa 30 - Viçosa system spaced 2 x 0.3 m; Viçosa 40 - Viçosa system spaced 2 x 0.4 m; Viçosa 50 - plants grown in Viçosa system spaced 2 x 0.5 m. The Viçosa System is constituted by the following practices: inclined planting, plants pruned to one stem, fruit thinning, removal of inflorescences and lower leaves. For economic evaluation, the treatments were individually studied in rows of 30 meters long, which it was quantified the costs of inputs and labor. The main economic indicators used were: Operation Cost, Total Operation Cost, Total Cost, Total Revenue, Gross Margin, Net Margin and Profit.The growing systems did not influence the marketable production per plant, the Viçosa 20 system obtained the highest commercial and large fruit yield, which were significantly higher to all other treatments and there was no reduction in the flavor of fruit. This system has also achieved the best economic results, with 14% of reduction in the unit cost and 223% higher in profitability compared to the locally most used system (Cerca Cruzada). Therefore, the Viçosa 20 system is the most indicated system to grow tomatoes. / Várias são as técnicas que podem ser utilizadas para obter melhor qualidade e maior produtividade dos frutos do tomateiro, como métodos de tutoramento, condução de plantas, poda, raleamento de frutos e densidade de plantio. Nesse sentido, os objetivos do autor nesta pesquisa foram propor e avaliar a eficiência agronômica e econômica de sistemas de cultivo de tomateiro (Sistema Viçosa) e compará-los com os atualmente disponíveis. Os sistemas avaliados foram: Fitilho - plantas tutoradas verticalmente com fitilho e conduzidas com uma haste, em espaçamento de 1,2 x 0,5 m; Bambu 50 - tutoramento vertical com bambu e condução com uma haste, em espaçamento 1,2 x 0,5 m; Bambu 60 - plantas tutoradas verticalmente com bambu e conduzidas com duas hastes em espaçamento 1,2 x 0,6 m; Cerca Cruzada sistema de tutoramento triangular e condução com duas hastes em espaçamento 1,2 x 0,6 m; Viçosa 20 - plantas conduzidas no Sistema Viçosa em espaçamento 2 x 0,2 m; Viçosa 30 - Sistema Viçosa em espaçamento 2 x 0,3 m; Viçosa 40 - Sistema Viçosa em espaçamento 2 x 0,4 m; e Viçosa 50 - plantas conduzidas no Sistema Viçosa em espaçamento 2 x 0,5 m. O Sistema Viçosa constitui-se das seguintes práticas culturais: tutoramento inclinado, condução das plantas com uma haste, raleamento de frutos, retirada de inflorescências e folhas baixeiras. Para avaliação econômica, os tratamentos foram estudados individualmente em uma linha de plantio com 30 m de comprimento, onde foram quantificados os gastos com insumos e mão de obra. Os principais indicadores econômicos utilizados foram: Custo Operacional Efetivo, Custo Operacional Total, Custo Total, Receita Total, Margem Bruta, Margem Líquida e Lucro. Os sistemas de cultivo não influenciaram a produção comercial por planta, porém no Sistema Viçosa 20 se obteve maior produtividade comercial e de frutos grandes, sendo superior a todos os outros tratamentos sem, contudo, ocorrer redução no sabor dos frutos. Neste sistema também foram obtidos os melhores resultados econômicos, com redução de 14% no custo unitário e lucratividade 223% superior ao sistema mais utilizado na região (Cerca Cruzada), sendo, assim, o mais indicado para o cultivo do tomateiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV11MA078.pdf: 11692032 bytes, checksum: 5876a6de50c3f6a2d1fbee187812679c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The Physalis peruviana L. is an exotic fruit that belongs to the Solanaceae family, with recent production in Brazil, mainly in the Santa Catarina state plateau. This is presented as an alternative production with nutritional potential value and economic due to the aggregate high value and can be used from its root to the fruit itself. To improve the plant canopy, but also contribute to the quality and appearance of the fruit produced is used for its cultivation some cultural practices such as staking, training systems, pruning and thinning. The aim of this study was to evaluate different training systems and spacing for the culture of physalis in the Santa Catarina state plateau and their effects on growth and development of plants, in the physicochemical characteristics of fruits and yet a study of ex-ante production costs and economic indicators for cultivation. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial 4 x 2 with four training systems (free system, vertical shoot positioning trellis, "X" system and "V" system) and two spacing (3,00 X 0,50 m and 3,00 X 1,00 m, between rows and plants respectively). The variables analyzed in this experiment were: length and diameter of the main branches of the plant, accumulation of fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, estimated yield per hectare, physico-chemical analysis of fruits and economic analysis for the deployment of culture, with their respective costs and profitability. Differences were observed between the training systems, spacing and between the years of cultivation. It follows that for physalis planting in the Santa Catarina state plateau the appropriate systems are the "X" system and vertical shoot positioning trellis in the spacing of 3,00 X 1,00 m and "V" system at a spacing of 3,00 X 0,50 m. The free system, but has shown good results in the evaluated characteristics, it is not recommended because of the difficulty of management. The cultivation of Physalis peruviana is an economically viable alternative to investment in the Santa Catarina state plateau / A Physalis peruviana L., é uma fruta exótica pertencente à família Solanaceae com produção recente no Brasil, principalmente no planalto catarinense. Esta se apresenta como uma alternativa de produção com potencial valor nutricional e econômico, devido ao alto valor agregado, podendo ser utilizada desde sua raiz até o fruto propriamente dito. Para melhorar o dossel vegetativo da planta, como também contribuir para a qualidade e aparência do fruto produzido, utiliza-se durante seu cultivo algumas práticas culturais como tutoramento, condução, poda e desbrota. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes sistemas de condução e espaçamentos para a cultura da physalis no planalto catarinense e seus efeitos no crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, nas características físico-químicas dos frutos e ainda realizar um estudo ex-ante dos custos de produção e indicadores econômicos para o cultivo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro sistemas de condução (livre, espaldeira, X e V ) e dois espaçamentos (3,00 X 0,50 m e 3,00 X 1,00 m, entre filas e plantas respectivamente). As variáveis analisadas neste experimento foram: comprimento e diâmetro dos ramos principais da planta, acúmulo de massa verde e seca da parte aérea e radicular, produtividade estimada por hectare, características físico-químicas dos frutos e análise econômica para a implantação da cultura, com seus respectivos custos e lucratividade. Observaram-se diferenças entre os sistemas de condução, espaçamentos e entre os anos de cultivo em relação às características avaliadas. Conclui-se que para o plantio de physalis no planalto catarinense os sistemas mais adequados são os sistemas espaldeira e X no espaçamento de 3,00 X 1,00 m e o sistema em V no espaçamento de 3,00 X 0,50 m. O sistema livre, embora tenha apresentado bons resultados nas características avaliadas, não é recomendado devido as dificuldade de manejo. O cultivo da Physalis peruviana é uma alternativa economicamente viável para investimento no planalto catarinense

Bauteilkonstruktionen mit integrierten Kunststoffnietverbindungen nehmen aufgrund der steigenden Anzahl artfremder Werkstoffkombinationen im Rahmen von Hybridbauweisen kontinuierlich zu. Als nicht lösbare und punktuell wirkende Verbindung wird das Kunststoffnieten insbesondere aufgrund seiner kosteneffizienten und einfach anmutenden Prozessführung u. a. für die Herstellung von Elektronik- und Sensorelementen sowie für das Verbinden von Bauteilen im Interieur- bzw. Exterieur-Bereich eingesetzt. Aufgrund der hohen Anwendungs- und Werkstoffvielfalt unterliegt der Kunststoffnietprozess jedoch komplexen Anforderungen, die für eine sichere Prozessanwendung durch ein hinreichendes Prozessverständnis sowie eine zielführende Qualitätssicherung kompensiert werden müssen. Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der wissenschaftlichen Analyse der thermischen Nietprozesse Warmumformen und Heißluftnieten. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen steht die systematische Ausarbeitung der Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Verfahrensablauf, den mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie dem resultierenden Versagensverhalten der Nietverbindung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei einer optimierten Prozessführung für beide thermischen Nietverfahren hohe mechanische Eigenschaften erreicht werden können. Als dominierender Faktor offenbarte sich die Anbindungsqualität des Nietkopfes an den Nietzapfen, welche in einem direkten Zusammenhang zum Erwärmungs- und Umformverhalten des Nietzapfens steht. Zudem sind die Verarbeitungseigenschaften und die erreichbare Verbindungsqualität vom eingesetzten Werkstoff abhängig. / Due to the rising number of dissimilar material combinations in the field of hybrid design, components with integrated plastic rivet joints are steadily increasing. Among other things, staking is primary used as a non-detachable and point-acting joint for the production of electronic and sensor elements as well as for the joining of components in the automotive interior and exterior by reason of its cost-efficient and seemingly simple process control. However, due to the high diversity of applications and materials, the staking process is subject to complex requirements, which must be compensated by a sufficient understanding of the process as well as a perfected quality assurance in order to ensure reliable process application. The present dissertation deals with the scientific analysis of the thermal staking processes hot forming staking and hot air staking. The investigations focus on the systematic analysis of the relationships between the procedure itself, the mechanical properties and the resulting failure behavior of the riveted joint. The results show that high mechanical properties can be achieved for both thermal staking processes by having an optimized process control. The most dominant factor revealed to be the bond quality of the rivet head to the rivet pin, which is directly related to the heating and forming behavior of the rivet pin. In addition, the processing properties and the achievable joint quality depend on the material which is used.

In Januarie 1914 het ‘n algehele industriële staking in die Unie van Suid-Afrika (SA) uitgebreek en die Unieverdedigingsmag (UVM) sou vir die eerste keer operasioneel aangewend word om die staking te onderdruk. Die Staande mag van die UVM was nog nie gereed om die staking op hul eie te onderdruk nie en gevolglik is die kommando’s van die Burgermagreserwes opgekommandeer vir diens. Probleme is dus destyds met die samestelling en organisasie van die UVM, as gevolg van die intergrasie van die verskillende militêre kulture, ondervind. Die Unieregering het op baie van die gewone burgers wat in die Anglo-Boereoorlog (ABO) in kommando’s geveg het, se ondersteuning en deelname om die staking te onderdruk, staatgemaak. Die tradisionele kommandostelsel van die voormalige Boererepublieke sou dus vlugtig tydens die 1914-staking herleef. Die Afrikaner het as gevolg van verskeie redes op kommando gegaan om die staking te help onderdruk. Die groeiende gees van nasionalisme onder die Afrikaner kon ook tydens die staking waargeneem word en sou tesame met die suksesvolle aanwending van die kommando’s tydens Januarie 1914 bydra tot die Rebellie later die jaar. Die politieke, ekonomiese en sosio-maatskaplike omstandighede van destyds het tot die nywerheidstaking van Januarie 1914 bygedra. Die rol wat die vakbonde en mynbedryf in die tydperk voor die Eerste Wêreldoorlog gespeel het, het ook bygedra tot die staking. Die ervaringe en omstandighede van die kommandolede tydens ontplooiing in Januarie 1914 is ‘n belangrike aspek van die sosiale militêre geskiedskrywing in SA. Onderwerpe soos, mobilisasie, voorrade, vervoer, dissipline, asook demobilisasie en kompensasie werp dus lig op die ervaringe en omstandighede van gewone burgers op kommandodiens tydens die staking. Die aanwending van die kommando’s tydens die 1914-staking het uiteenlopende reaksies van die verskillende groepe in die gemeenskap tot gevolg gehad. Die betrokkenheid van ander rolspelers, soos swart mense en vrouens, tydens die staking was gering, dog belangrik vir die Suid-Afrikaanse geskiedenis. Copyright / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted