<p>In previous research in continuous corn with no-till management, starter fertilizer consistently increased vegetative plant development rate and plant dry matter prior to sidedressing and decreased grain moisture. However, increased yield did not always occur. The objective of my study was to evaluate the effects of starter fertilizer on plant dry matter and nutrient content throughout the growing season to determine if differences in these parameters determined early in the growing season persisted throughout reproductive growth and explained yield effects. Experiments were conducted in long-term continuous corn no-tillage fields at SEPAC, NEPAC, and TPAC in 2019 and 2020. At TPAC, treatments were control and starter, 46 kg N ha^-1 and 18 kg P ha^-1. At SEPAC and NEPAC, we also evaluated starter fertilizer composition, and the treatments were control, 3.6 kg N ha^-1 and 8 kg S ha^-1; N, 34 kg N ha^-1 and 8 kg S ha^-1; NP, N plus 7.5 kg P ha^-1; and NPK, NP plus 9.5 kg K ha^-1. Starter fertilizer was applied 5 cm below and 5 cm to one side of the seed. Total N rate was equalized by adjusting the N application at sidedressing to compensate for the N applied in starter.</p> <p>Although starter fertilizer treatment effects differed from those of the control, in most cases starter fertilizer effects were the same regardless of composition. Hereafter, ‘starter fertilizer’ will refer to the mean of the three starter fertilizer treatments, N, NP, and NPK for SEPAC and NEPAC or NP in the case of TPAC. Crop growth rate determined by the number of collared leaves was increased by starter fertilizer, compared to the control, at all site-years. Starter fertilizer increased leaf appearance up to one leaf in plots evaluated at the same point in time and final leaf number was also one more leaf per plant. Starter fertilizer increased dry matter as early as V4 compared to the control at SEPAC and TPAC, with differences maximizing around V6-V12. Effects at NEPAC were inconsistent throughout the season. At reproductive stages the magnitude of the differences in dry matter decreased until starter fertilizer and control treatments had similar dry matter at maturity. Before sidedressing, N and P concentrations were greater with starter fertilizer than the control, but after sidedressing concentration of these nutrients were greater with control than starter fertilizer. The differences in N and P concentration between starter treatments and the control increased in later vegetative stages, but decreased during reproductive stages and at maturity. Potassium concentration was generally unaffected by the fertilizer treatments. Plant nutrient content differences between starter fertilizer treatments and the control were similar to differences seen with dry matter, despite the differences in nutrient concentration between starter fertilizer and the control. When compared at the same growth stage, starter fertilizer treatments and the control, had similar DM and nutrient concentration and content. Starter fertilizer, compared to the control, resulted in earlier silking and/or tasseling at all site-years. Starter fertilizer accelerated vegetative crop development, but this did not result in substantial differences in dry matter or nutrient content at similar growth stages, including physiological maturity. Despite this result, increased grain yield with starter fertilizer, compared to the control, occurred at 3 of 6 site-years and ranged from 300 to 1000 kg ha^‑1. Grain moisture was decreased by starter fertilizer at 4 of 6 site-years by at least 5 g kg^-1.</p>

Improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency is crucial for maximizing growth and yield in rice production. Tools to determine precise midseason N rates as well as knowledge of the effects of starter fertilizer N applications on rice growth and yield are lacking. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at the Delta Research and Extension Center to evaluate canopy reflectance as a means for determining yield and N nutrition at midseason and to assess agronomic effects and N recovery efficiency of starter fertilizer N. Measurable in-season parameters were significantly related to grain yield. Grain yield and measured parameters were related to canopy reflectance. The results of this study support the continued research of canopy reflectance for predicting N nutrition indicators and yield. Minimal growth responses were observed when starter N was applied to seedling rice. Nitrogen recovery increased significantly throughout the growing season; however, less than 20% recovery was obtained.

No description available.

<p>As requested by the company Husqvarna AB, we have developed a prototype of an electrical start device to a chainsaw. </p><p>This was done through the development of new details in Catia, which has been integrated with existing details. Electrical components have been purchased by HAB electronics.</p><p> </p><p>In parallel with the modeling calculations was done, which was the basis for determine dimensions and the choice of an electric motor and gears. </p><p>Prototype 1 improved gradually and led to prototype number 2, which became the final result. </p><p>Prototype 2 made the chainsaw start, which was the goal of the project.</p>

As requested by the company Husqvarna AB, we have developed a prototype of an electrical start device to a chainsaw. This was done through the development of new details in Catia, which has been integrated with existing details. Electrical components have been purchased by HAB electronics. In parallel with the modeling calculations was done, which was the basis for determine dimensions and the choice of an electric motor and gears. Prototype 1 improved gradually and led to prototype number 2, which became the final result. Prototype 2 made the chainsaw start, which was the goal of the project.

This study was conducted to compare and contrast potential aroma compounds in the headspace and small molecule metabolites produced as a result of starter culture metabolism in a full-fat and low-fat cheddar cheese model system. Past studies have indicated differences in the headspace flavor compound profiles between full-fat and low-fat Cheddar cheeses with no indication as to what compounds were produced as a result of starter culture metabolism. Starter cultures were incubated in a Cheddar cheese extract environment that was made up of the water-soluble portion of Cheddar cheese with environmental conditions mimicking full-fat and low-fat Cheddar cheese by altering the levels of salt and milk fat globular membrane in the system. Incubation times were up to 14 days at 30°C and samples were taken at days 0, 1, 7, and 14. Headspace analysis was accomplished using solid phase micro-extraction coupled with GC-MS and small metabolites were monitored using metabolomic methods coupled with GC-MS. Results indicate that the starter culture was responsible for an increase in the concentration of propan-2-one, heptan-2-one, 3-methylbutanal, heptanal, benzaldehyde, 2-ethylhexanal, and dimethyl trisulfide in both the full-fat and low-fat medias when compared to their respective controls. While heptanal was present at a higher concentration in the full-fat treatments compared to the low-fat treatments and 2- ethylhexan-1-ol and isothiocyanato cyclohexane were present at higher concentrations in the low-fat treatments compared to the full-fat treatments. Principal component analysis for the headspace compounds showed a clear separation of the treatments with heptanal, p-cymene, nonan-2-one, and undecan-2-one contributing the most to the variation between the full-fat and low-fat samples, while 3- methylbutanal, heptan-2-one, benzaldehyde, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-ol, and 3-methylbutanol contributed the most to the variation between the controls and treatments. The metabolomics data for both the bacteria and Cheddar cheese extract did not provide a clear separation between the full-fat and low-fat samples.

<p><strong>Sammanfattning</strong></p><p>Denna uppsats skrevs eftersom förbundsledningen hade uppfattningen att starterna var anledningen till att det inte blev mer medaljer på OS i Kina.</p><p><strong>Syfte och frågeställning</strong></p><p><strong>Syfte:</strong></p><p>Kartlägga några utvalda svenska elitseglares syn på vad, som är en bra start inom segling. Vilka parametrar anses påverka starten? Vad definierar en bra start? Hur tänker man och hur gör man fem stycken olika starter? Hur viktig var starten för att vinna medaljracen under OS i Kina 2008?</p><p><strong>Metod</strong></p><p>I studien intervjuades tre stycken seglare om hur de gör och tänker när de startar på olika platser på linjen. Sportchefen för Svenska Seglarförbundet intervjuades om hur han ser på starten. Videoanalyser av sju medaljrace från OS genomfördes för att bedöma hur avgörande starten är för den slutliga placeringen i mål.</p><p><strong>Resultat</strong></p><p>Förberedelser som man bör ta hänsyn till innan start är: Förberedelserna på land, ström/tidvatten, att vara ute i god tid, ta landmärke, kontrollera fördel, kant och vind. Definitionen på vad som är en bra start lyder som följande: En bra start är att ha en bra strategisk position och fri vind. Hur viktig var starten för att vinna medaljracen under OS i Kina 2008? Det har framkommit att ingen som var först över linjen vann tävlingen.</p><p><strong>Slutsats</strong></p><p>Slutsatsen av detta arbete är att det inte är det viktigaste att vara först över startlinjen. Det viktigaste är att vara väl förberedd inför starten och ha en strategi inför racet. En strategiskt rätt start ökar möjligheterna till vinst av racet.</p><p> </p>

Sammanfattning Denna uppsats skrevs eftersom förbundsledningen hade uppfattningen att starterna var anledningen till att det inte blev mer medaljer på OS i Kina. Syfte och frågeställning Syfte: Kartlägga några utvalda svenska elitseglares syn på vad, som är en bra start inom segling. Vilka parametrar anses påverka starten? Vad definierar en bra start? Hur tänker man och hur gör man fem stycken olika starter? Hur viktig var starten för att vinna medaljracen under OS i Kina 2008? Metod I studien intervjuades tre stycken seglare om hur de gör och tänker när de startar på olika platser på linjen. Sportchefen för Svenska Seglarförbundet intervjuades om hur han ser på starten. Videoanalyser av sju medaljrace från OS genomfördes för att bedöma hur avgörande starten är för den slutliga placeringen i mål. Resultat Förberedelser som man bör ta hänsyn till innan start är: Förberedelserna på land, ström/tidvatten, att vara ute i god tid, ta landmärke, kontrollera fördel, kant och vind. Definitionen på vad som är en bra start lyder som följande: En bra start är att ha en bra strategisk position och fri vind. Hur viktig var starten för att vinna medaljracen under OS i Kina 2008? Det har framkommit att ingen som var först över linjen vann tävlingen. Slutsats Slutsatsen av detta arbete är att det inte är det viktigaste att vara först över startlinjen. Det viktigaste är att vara väl förberedd inför starten och ha en strategi inför racet. En strategiskt rätt start ökar möjligheterna till vinst av racet.

Internally-pH-controlled, phosphate containing and non-phosphate containing Italian bulk starter media were compared to reconstituted nonfat dry milk and commercial bulk starter media for their ability to support the growth and activities of commercially frozen thermophilic lactic acid cultures. Cultures grown in internally-pH-controlled media demonstrated superior acid-production capability. The cheese made from cultures grown in internally-pH-controlled media was comparable to that made from the culture grown in commercial medium. However, the internally-pH-controlled media were not bacteriophage inhibitory, nor were the reconstituted nonfat dry milk or two of the three commercial bulk starter media. Hence, cheese whey and nonfat milk based, low solids, bacteriophage inhibitory bulk starter media were formulated for the cultivation of mixed cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The new media supported the growth of lactobacilli better than the commercial media. Even at low solids levels, the buffering capacities of the new media were comparable to commercial media. Late addition of magnesium hydroxide as a neutralizing agent to commercial as well as experimental bulk starter media resulted in increased growth and improved activities of rod-coccus cultures. The cultures also retained their activities longer under refrigerated storage. Late addition of magnesium hydroxide did not encourage the proliferation of bacteriophages in the growth media. / Graduation date: 1987

This thesis proposes improved techniques for controlling of induction machine based integrated starter alternator in order to achieve the challenging requirements of future automotive on-board power system. The proposed techniques are focused on improving DC voltage regulation, maximum power extraction and efficiency improvements. A new sophisticated DC voltage controller that provides tight voltage regulation is proposed. The proposed controller is based on a linearized model for the combined inverter and induction machine. The proposed DC controller is included with speed and flux decoupling and an antiwindup technique. Extensive simulation and experimental results demonstrate the excellent DC voltage control performance of the proposed DC controller over a wide speed range and under various operating conditions. This thesis proposes an improved field weakening implementation which is based on stator voltage control for maximum power extraction in generation mode. The controllers in proposed implementation included use a non-linear dynamic compensator (NDC), stator frequency decoupling and an anti-windup technique. This thesis investigates and eliminates the oscillation in high speed field weakening region caused when large loads are applied. The proposed implementation also provides better regulation for the stator voltage and stable operation over a wide speed range in the generation mode of the ISA. The proposed implementation allows extracting significant amount of additional power compared to conventional field weakening technique. The simulation and experimental results clearly demonstrate the performance of the proposed implementation for ISA. A new loss minimised control method for the integrated starter alternator based on a loss model of the system was developed. The loss model operates in dq − axes and takes into account the inverter and the machine losses. The experimental results demonstrates that proposed loss minimised control provides significant efficiency improvements under light load condition of the ISA. This thesis also presents complete modeling of ISA, an extensive study on induction machine parameter variations and overall control design of the ISA system. The extensive simulation and experimental studies presented in this thesis clearly demonstrates the development of a new ISA which is low-cost, optimised for high efficiency and maximised power over a wide speed range and excellent DC bus voltage regulation under all conditions of generation.