No description available.

Cooling tower plume rise, dilution and dispersion is investigated using a numerical model. Both single and double sources are considered. The main aim of the investigation is concerned with comparison of the computational results to existing wind tunnel experimental data as well as simple empirical rise height formula. Analysis of the interaction of adjacent sources, and subsequent rise augmentation compared to that of a single source, is a central theme of the work. A full-scale hybrid mechanical cooling tower is modelled as a surface mounted cuboid block 20 m high with an internal development duct of 10 m diameter. Both jet and moderately buoyant plume type sources are studied. Two exit velocity ratios are also considered. An oncoming atmospheric boundary is modelled with an associated logarithmic velocity profile and profiles of turbulence kinetic energy and length scale. Two double source orientations, tandem and side-by-side with respect to the oncoming cross wind, are studied. Physical symmetry is utilised and so only half of the domain is modelled. Both the small-scale (wind tunnel) and full-scale were modelled. The small-scale work used combinations of a low Reynolds number k-e turbulence model and both hybrid and QUICK discretisation schemes. The high Reynolds numbers encountered in the fullscale allowed the use of a number of different turbulence models, namely the standard k-e model, the RNG k-e model and a differential flux model, combined again with the hybrid and QUICK discretisation schemes. The results of a number of sensitivity tests showed that plume rise in this case was not sensitive to the turbulence model constant C3 or to source turbulence levels. A decrease in the turbulent Prandtl number led to a marked increase in the turbulent diffusion of the thermal plume. Horizontal plume spreading was underpredicted in both small and full-scales compared to the experimental data. Plume rise and dilution was, in the majority of cases, predicted accurately compared to both the experimental data and also to rise heights given by simple empirical relationships. Generally, the choice of discretisation scheme was a more important factor than choice of turbulence model. Interaction of side-by-side plumes was dominated by the interaction of the rotating vortex pairs within the plumes. A tandem source arrangement led to early merging and efficient rise enhancement. Merging into a single type plume occurred sooner with an decrease in exit velocity ratio, R.

Thesis (B.A.Hons.) from the Department of History, University of Adelaide.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-71).

Thesis (M. S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1951. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-192).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2009. / Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Natural Resources (Environmental Education and Interpretation), College of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-79).

In an urban context, architecture and landscape architecture co-exist as part of the structure of the city. In the same manner, interior architecture exists as part of an architectural envelope, and product design as an integral part of the interior. This study explores the relationship between these design disciplines and their interdependence; none of them can be practiced optimally in isolation. As this thesis deals with interior architecture, the influence of and the response to other fields of design are considered and investigated, setting the parameters for the resolution of the design framework. The objective of the thesis is to design a tourism and information centre for Tshwane. The shortcomings of the tourism industry in the city are identified in Chapter Two, and the tourism field studied in depth in Chapter Three. The conclusions from these chapters serve as generators for the functional design process. The site of the Old Fire Station Building was chosen for both its potential and its inadequacies. Its physical attributes, historical importance and its critical role in the urban context of the CBD and the Museum Park District are discussed in Chapter Four. Chapter Five deals with the design philosophy and approach to creating a successful public space. Precedents are analytically examined in Chapter Six and alternatives are explored, setting up requirements and guidelines for the design intervention. In Chapter Seven, design strategies are defined and consequently employed. The progression of the design from general concept to specific end product is illustrated visually. Attention is focused on two parts of the building: the information area (Portion A) and the café (Portion B). In Chapter Eight, Portion A is further developed on a technical and tectonic level, zooming in on the construction of the information reception box. The study concludes with the technical documentation contained in Chapter Nine. The study relies throughout on the application of the concepts of placemaking through the layering, defining and containing of space, and contrast the existing with the proposed intervention. / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Architecture / unrestricted

The focus of this study is the provision of refreshment, retail and supporting facilities at Gautrain stations. This forms part of an overarching strategy called for the deployment of refreshment, retail and supporting facilities at stations. For the purposes of this thesis, the concept of refreshment focuses on the aspects of bodily / physiological and mental refreshment, whether this be through sale of beverages and snacks or distribution and availability of information, news and mental stimulation through design. The strategy is explored in more detail through the design of a multifunctional kiosk for medium term deployment at any of the Gautrain stations. The Hatfield Gautrain station building interior forms the backdrop of an the in depth design and technical development of the intervention. Important factors in this scheme is the identifying of the most popular refreshment and ancillary facilities at other similar train stations as well as the integration of such facilities into the existing Gautrain system identity. The design approach is formulated on the three levels of scale and revolves around the creation of places and the railway station as public meeting place; tectonic expression and various factors relating to cost and sustainability. The aim is to contribute to the understanding of user needs in terms of refreshment, retail and ancillary behaviours (e.g. access to info) at transport interchanges. The thesis contributes to the general field of the environment and cultural landscapes as applicable to the discipline of interior architecture. / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

Mozambique is a semi-arid area with unreliable rainfall distribution; therefore optimal planting dates are critical to ensure that maize is not stressed during critical stages. The objective of this research was to study the effect of sowing date and cultivar on maize (Zea mays L.) yields in Mozambique. A further objective was to establish whether the SWB model could be utilized to help select the optimum planting window for different maize cultivars and localities. An experiment was conducted during the 2007/08 season at the Chókwè Agricultural Research Station, Mozambique, in which a short (or early cultivar, Changalane) and long (or late) season maize cultivar (Tsangano) were sown on three different dates: 5 December 2007 (PD1), 25 December 2007 (PD2) and 15 January 2008 (PD3). Sowing date had a significant effect (p<0.05) on yield and yield components. The 25 December planting (PD2) out yielded (4.3 t ha-1) the 5 December (PD1) (2.5 t ha-1,) and 15 January (PD3) (1.5 t ha-1) plantings for cv. Changalane. However, for cv. Tsangano, PD1 (3.2 t ha-1) out yielded PD2 (2.3 t ha-1) and PD3 (0.7 t ha-1). Cultivars varied significantly in yield potential. The most responsive cultivar to water supply was Changalane, which when planted late in December (PD2), gave a water productivity (WP) of 17 kg ha-1 mm-1, while Tsangano, the late cultivar, performed better when planted early in December (PD1), with a WP of 8.5 kg ha-1 mm-1 The Soil Water Balance (SWB) model was calibrated on the data from one planting date per cultivar and successfully validated on independent data sets from the other two planting dates. Long-term historical weather data sets were obtained for Chókwè and Umbeluzi, two important dry land maize production areas in Mozambique. The calibrated SWB model was used to simulate maize yields for different planting dates to establish the best planting date for different cultivar x plant date x soil combinations. Simulation results for the two cultivars across three planting dates showed that the simulated grain yields per planting date varied substantially from year to year and between the two sites. The SWB scenario simulation results showed that for both Umbeluzii and Chókwè sites, in four out of five years, best yields can be achieved by planting Changalane late in December and Tsangano early in December. It can be concluded that the SWB model can be a very useful tool to help select the most suitable maize cultivars and planting dates for different localities, based on differences in plant water availability during the growing season. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted