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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Recherche d'un âge cinématique de l'association β Pictoris

Couture, Dominic 09 1900 (has links)
Les associations locales jeunes (YMG ; young moving group) sont des groupes d’étoiles jeunes, principalement des étoiles naines M, partageant une cinématique commune, situées dans le voisinage solaire et formées à la même époque lors de l’effondrement d’un nuage moléculaire unique à chaque association. Ce sont des laboratoires idéals pour l’étude des dernières étapes de la formation stellaire et l’imagerie directe d’exoplanètes. L’association β Pictoris (βPMG ; β Pictoris moving group) est l’une des plus jeunes et des plus rapprochées, mais son âge demeure incertain : les méthodes des isochrones et de la limite d’épuisement du lithium (LDB ; lithium depletion boundary ; 21−24 Ma) sont incohérentes avec la méthode du retracement à l’origine (11−13 Ma), consistant à retracer le parcours des étoiles membres jusqu’à l’époque où l’étendue de l’association était minimale, soit l’époque de la formation stellaire. Cette étude présente une nouvelle méthode numérique, appelée Traceback, permettant de trouver un âge cinématique pour une association par retracement à l’origine avec les données du catalogue Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2). Sa précision théorique maximale est calculée et deux biais sont caractérisés : un biais dû aux erreurs de mesure (∼ −4,5 Ma) et un biais ∆v_r, grav = 0,5 km/s sur les mesures de vitesse radiale (v_r) dû au décalage vers le rouge gravitationnel (∼ −1,8 Ma). En appliquant cette méthode à un échantillon de 46 membres validés de l’association β Pictoris, un âge cinématique corrigé de 17−19 Ma, compatible avec les âges obtenus avec les méthodes des isochrones et de la LDB, est trouvé en minimisant la déviation médiane absolue (MAD ; median absolute deviation), une mesure de l’étendue de l’association résiliente aux données déviantes, et la covariance X-U entre les positions X et les vitesses U des étoiles membres. De plus, on montre que l’usage d’un arbre couvrant de poids minimal (MST ; minimum spanning tree) n’apporte aucun avantage. / Young moving groups (YMGs) are associations of young stars, mainly M dwarfs, that share a common kinematics, located in the solar neighbourhood and formed at the same epoch by the collapse of a molecular cloud that is unique to every association. They are ideal laboratories for the study of the last steps of stellar formation and the direct imaging of exoplanets. The β Pictoris moving group (βPMG) is one of the youngest and closest YMGs, although its age remains uncertain: ages found using isochrones or the lithium depletion boundary (LDB; 21 − 24 Myr) are inconsistent with traceback ages (11 − 13 Myr), found by tracing back the trajectories of member stars up to the epoch when the size of the YMG was minimal, which coincides with the epoch of stellar formation. This study presents a new numerical method, called Traceback, capable of finding a kinematic age for a YMG by traceback with data from the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) catalog. Its maximal theoretical precision is calculated and two important biases are characterized: a bias due to measurement errors (∼ −4.5 Myr) and a ∆v_r, grav = 0.5 km/s bias on radial velocity (v_r ; vitesse radiale) measurements due to gravitational redshift (∼ −1.8 Myr). When this method is applied to a sample of 46 validated members of βPMG, a corrected kinematic age of 17 − 19 Myr, in agreement with isochrones and LDB ages, is found by minimizing the median absolute deviation (MAD), a measure of the size of the association that is robust against outliers in the data, and the X-U covariance between the X positions and the U velocities of member stars. Furthermore, the use of a minimum spanning tree (MST) is shown not to be advantageous.
2

Archaeologic inspection of the Milky Way using vibrations of a fossil : Seismic, spectroscopic and kinematic characterization of a binary metal-poor Halo star

Byström, Amanda January 2020 (has links)
The Milky Way has undergone several mergers with other galaxies during its lifetime. The mergers have been identified via stellar debris in the Halo of the Milky Way. The practice of mapping these mergers is called galactic archaeology. To perform this archaeologic inspection, three stellar features must be mapped: chemistry, kinematics and age. Historically, the latter has been difficult to determine, but can today to high degree be determined through asteroseismology. Red giants are well fit for these analyses. In this thesis, the red giant HE1405-0822 is completely characterized, using spectroscopy, asteroseismology and orbit integration, to map its origin. HE1405-0822 is a CEMP-r/s enhanced star in a binary system. Spectroscopy and asteroseismology are used in concert, iteratively to get precise stellar parameters, abundances and age. Its kinematics are analyzed, e.g. in action and velocity space, to see if it belongs to any known kinematical substructures in the Halo. It is shown that the mass accretion that HE1405-0822 has undergone has given it a seemingly younger age than probable. The binary probably transfered C- and s-process rich matter, but how it gained its r-process enhancement is still unknown. It also does not seem like the star comes from a known merger event based on its kinematics, and could possibly be a heated thick disk star. / Vintergatan har genomgått flera sammanslagningar med andra galaxer under sin livstid. Dessa sammanslagningar har identifierats genom rester av stjärnor i Vintergatans Halo. Arbetssättet för att kartlägga dessa sammanslagningar kallas galaktisk arkeologi. För att kunna göra en arkeologisk undersökning krävs tre egenskaper hos de undersökta stjärnorna: kemi, kinematik och ålder. Historiskt sett har den sistnämnda varit svår att bestämma, men kan idag bestämmas med hög precision m.h.a. asteroseismologi. Röda jättar lämpar sig väl för dessa analyser. I denna uppsats undersöks den röda jätten HE1405-0822. Den kartläggs helt m.h.a. spektroskopi, asteroseismologi och bananalys. HE1405-0822 är en CEMP-r/s-förhöjd stjärna i ett binärt system. Spektroskopi och asteroseismologi används tillsammans, iterativt, för att få precisa stjärnparametrar, kemiskt innehåll och ålder. Dess kinematik analyseras, t.ex. i verkan- och hastighetsrummet, för att se om den tillhör någon känd kinematisk substruktur i Halon. Det visas att massöverföringen som HE1405-0822 genomgått har gett den en skenbart yngre ålder än vad som är troligt. Denna binära kompanjon har troligtvis övertfört C- och s-process-rikt material, men hur den fick sin mängd r-processämnen är fortfarande okänt. Det verkar inte som att stjärnan kommer från någon tidigare kartlagd sammanslagning baserat på dess kinematik, och skulle kunna vara en stjärna med upphettad kinematik från Vintergatans tjocka disk.

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