The intellectual property concept of 'communication to the public of the broadcast works by radio or television receivers' in Article 23 of the Czech copyright act is a current issue especially in a relation to the exception to this right in favour of health establishments that has been called in a question in front of both Czech courts and CJEU. The most important criteria of communication to the public -- laid down by CJEU -- suggest that the concept should be interpreted broadly, covering all transmissions, regardless of the means used and the nature of the place for the communication. A public refers to an indeterminate but fairly high number of people who constitute so called new public. In order to fall within the scope of a lawful exception the criteria of the so called 'three-step test' must be met as well as the formal criteria stated in the abovementioned Article. The most recent cases discussed in this work dealt with the transmission of the protected works by means of television sets located in the bedrooms of the guests of spa establishments. Although it was held by CJEU that this exception does not comply with EU law, it is still part of the Czech law and Czech courts must cope with it.

The thesis is focused on assessment of fatigue behaviour of austempered ductile iron with nodular graphite. Optimal period of transformation was determined based on the best combination of stress and strain characteristics established by tensile test. Cyclic response and low-cycle fatigue life were studied under both stress-control and longitudinal strain-control mode at room temperature. For both modes, shapes of cyclic hardening curves are dependent on stress amplitude. Cyclic deformation curves (CDC) were fitted by power regression function. Results were compared with CDC established by multiple step test in both modes with verification of the influence of cyclic creep (high stress levels, stress-control mode). Experimental data of S-N curves are in agreement with the Manson-Coffin and the Basquin law. Fatigue and cyclic parameters were compared. Fatigue life time in high-cycle fatigue region was determined. Experimental data were fitted by suitable regression functions. Regression parameters and fatigue limit were established by means of each regression function. Experimental data in low- and high-cycle fatigue regions were used to construct S-N curve and to determine relevant parameters. Discontinuity of experimental data was not observed. Low-cycle fatigue behaviour was predicted. Approximation of tolerance bands was realized in high-cycle and both high and low cycle fatigue regions.

Problem- und Zielstellung: Eingeschränkte kardiorespiratorische Fitness (CRF) gilt als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Häufig erfolgt die CRF-Ermittlung mit dem submaximalen Belastungs-EKG (Fahrradergometrie). Es mangelt an Testverfahren, die ortsunabhängig und ökonomisch als Screeninginstrument zur Früherkennung eingeschränkter CRF einsetzbar sind. Deshalb wurde untersucht, ob auch kurze Belastungstests (nachfolgend Kurztests) eine zuverlässige Aussage zur CRF ermöglichen und eine Alternative zum Belastung-EKG sein können. - Methodik: Die Untersuchungen erfolgten im Rahmen der arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge. Diese bestand aus einem Fragebogen (u. a. anamnestische, soziodemografische, lebensstilbezogene Angaben), körperlichen Untersuchungen (u. a. Body Mass Index, Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck) und vier Belastungstests (submaximales Belastungs-EKG, Kurztests: Kurzergometrie, Stepp-Test, Kniebeugetest). In die Analysestichprobe gingen 66 Erwerbstätige (30 Frauen, 36 Männer; Durchschnittsalter: 48 Jahre) ein. Die CRF wurde nach der Formel von Wicks et al. (2011) ermittelt. - Ergebnisse: Die CRF war in den Kurztests signifikant geringer als im Belastungs-EKG (η²partial = 0,23). Mit den Kurztests wurde der submaximale Belastungsbereich nicht erreicht. Die CRF korrelierte zwischen Belastungs-EKG und Kurztests sehr gering bis gering (r = 0,16–0,23). Zwischen den Kurztests bestanden mittlere Korrelationen (r = 0,54–0,62). Geschlecht, Alter und Sportstunden/Woche beeinflussen die CRF. - Schlussfolgerung: Die Kurztests können das Belastungs-EKG nicht ersetzen. Bei ihnen wird nicht die eigentliche CRF ermittelt, sondern eine neu definierte Kurzbelastungsfitness. Ob die Kurzbelastungsfitness Aussagen über das kardiorespiratorische Erkrankungsrisiko ermöglicht, ist weiter zu untersuchen. / Background and objectives: Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases. Very often CRF is determined with submaximal exercise ECG (bicycle ergometry). There is a lack of test procedures that can be used location-independently and economically as a screening instrument for the early detection of restricted CRF. Therefore, we investigated whether short exercise tests (hereinafter referred as short tests) also enable a reliable statement about CRF and whether they can be an alternative to exercise ECG. - Methods: The examinations were carried out as part of preventive occupational health care. They consisted of a questionnaire (including anamnestic, sociodemographic, lifestyle-related information), physical examination (including body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure) and four exercise tests (submaximal exercise ECG, short tests: short ergometry, step test, squat test). In all, 66 employees (30 women, 36 men; average age: 48 years) were included. The CRF was calculated according to the formula of Wicks et al. (2011). - Results: CRF was significantly lower in the short tests than in the exercise ECG (η²partial = 0.23); the submaximal exposure range was not reached with the short tests. The CRF correlation between exercise ECG and short tests (r = 0.16–0.23) was very low to low. Between the short tests, there were moderate correlations (r = 0.54–0.62). Gender, age and exercise hours per week all influence CRF. - Conclusions: The short tests cannot replace the exercise ECG. The short tests do not determine the actual CRF, but a newly defined short-term fitness. Whether the short-term fitness allows statements regarding risk for cardiorespiratory diseases remains to be investigated.