O Brasil, no mercado mundial, ocupa lugar de destaque na extração e comercialização das rochas ornamentais e de revestimento, demonstrado pela produção mensal de chapas que é da ordem de 4 milhões de metros quadrados. Dentre suas as diversas formas de aplicações na construção civil, observa-se um incremento do uso em revestimentos de fachadas de edifícios, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos. A forma de fixação das placas nas fachadas dos edifícios é feita com o auxílio de inserts metálicos, técnica desenvolvida na Alemanha e nos Estados Unidos. O presente trabalho trata da especificação e normatização das rochas ornamentais e, no caso específico dos revestimentos de fachadas, são apresentados diversos aspectos da seleção das placas de rocha e dos inserts metálicos e também o cálculo estrutural de um sistema de revestimento / Brazil procedures more than 4 million 'M POT.2'/month of dimension stones panels. Façades applications increases in last years. The stone façades cladding is accomplished with the use of metallic anchor, that was developed in German and U.S.A. The present work presents the requirements for selection of the stones and the anchor system, a methodology for the calculation of the stone and the anchor and main aspects of standardization regarding dimension stone

O Brasil, no mercado mundial, ocupa lugar de destaque na extração e comercialização das rochas ornamentais e de revestimento, demonstrado pela produção mensal de chapas que é da ordem de 4 milhões de metros quadrados. Dentre suas as diversas formas de aplicações na construção civil, observa-se um incremento do uso em revestimentos de fachadas de edifícios, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos. A forma de fixação das placas nas fachadas dos edifícios é feita com o auxílio de inserts metálicos, técnica desenvolvida na Alemanha e nos Estados Unidos. O presente trabalho trata da especificação e normatização das rochas ornamentais e, no caso específico dos revestimentos de fachadas, são apresentados diversos aspectos da seleção das placas de rocha e dos inserts metálicos e também o cálculo estrutural de um sistema de revestimento / Brazil procedures more than 4 million 'M POT.2'/month of dimension stones panels. Façades applications increases in last years. The stone façades cladding is accomplished with the use of metallic anchor, that was developed in German and U.S.A. The present work presents the requirements for selection of the stones and the anchor system, a methodology for the calculation of the stone and the anchor and main aspects of standardization regarding dimension stone

The starting point in the field of research in this essay, is skill in contemporary craft. The term is loaded with values and preconceptions. The essay pays attention to how the topic is discussed currently in the craft field. Society is changing and naturally the variety and amount in skills is changing accordingly. The role of education, teaching and learning in the acquisition of skills is discussed. Skill in craft is viewed in two of its extreme ends, sloppy craft and “hypermaking”. Sloppy craft is a trend where the craftsmanship is not demonstrated by a consious choice. “Hypermaking” refers to artists whose technical skills are tremendous. .   The main part of the investigation of skill is made through artistic research in the field of contemporary jewellery. The maker’s practice is dominated by one material, stone. Throughout the investigation, a diary has been kept in order to record the thinking and making in the working process. This has revealed notions of different aspects of skill: silent knowledge in manual skill, how the skill can trick the maker, and how skill grows by time. Artistic research has also clarified the maker’s relationship to stone.  The essay focuses on how the traditional stoneworking skill is challenged by the maker by using readymade instead of a raw stone material. The reason for challenging is the need of confrontation in artistic development. / <p>The full thesis contains copyrighted material</p><p>which has been removed in the published version (pictures).</p>

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The development of grinding technology is a topic that has not received much attention from archaeologists in the American Southwest. Presented here is a technological approach to ground stone analysis capitalizing on the methods of ethnoarchaeology, experimentation, and use-wear analysis. These methods are applied to an existing collection of ground stone artifacts amassed by the University of Arizona field school's excavation of the Point of Pines sites in east-central Arizona. The heart of the technological approach is the recognition that technological behavior is social behavior and as such is culturally distinct. Both puebloan and nonpuebloan ethnographies provide models for understanding how ground stone tools were used by different cultural groups in daily activities and for making inferences about gender-specific behaviors. Culturally distinct behaviors are sustained through technological traditions, defined as the transmitted knowledge and behaviors with which people learn how to do things. A technological approach is applied to the ground stone assemblages from nine Point of Pines sites that date within eight phases, from A.D. 400 to A.D. 1425-1450. The assemblages are compared and assessed in terms of variation that might reflect developments in grinding technology. Developments may have derived from local innovations or from introduced technological traditions. Assemblage variation is evaluated in light of major events in Point of Pines prehistory, particularly the change from pit house villages to pueblo villages and the immigration of Tusayan Anasazi. Point of Pines grinding technology continued relatively unchanged until late in the occupation. Around the mid-1200s, an Anasazi group immigrated to the Point of Pines area and took up residence in the largest Point of Pines pueblo. Foreign technology was introduced but not immediately adopted by the resident Mogollon. Food grinding equipment of two different designs coexisted for about 100 years, until around A.D. 1400 when there is evidence of a change in the social organization of food grinding. It is this change that signals the blending of Mogollon and Anasazi into Western Pueblo.

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