Captain is a key player for controlling the commercial shipping and has the major role in dealing with the occurrence and process of stowaway case. His decision on handling the stowaway is often complicated by the unnecessary legal issues if it is not following the normal process such as the violation of unlawful action on processing the stowaway issue. The stowaway case always has been a serious problem in commercial shipping. It often causes unnecessary legal issues for shipping owner and captain because of unwise decision from the ship captain. Since the occurrence of 911 terrorism in 2001, International Ship and Port facility Security Code (ISPS Code) has adopted more restrict security code on the prevention of stowaway, but it has indirectly resulted in the tendency toward underground and better organized shipping stowaway crime. This change has also provided guidance for captain¡¦s decision on the process of stowaway case. The present study illustrates two important stowaway cases occurred at Taiwan commercial shipping lines. One is related to liner, the Maersk Dubai, and the other is for tramp, the Well Pescadoies. The present study made comparison on both case handling processes and their treatments on stowaways and the problems of derived legal actions resulting from the unwise and unnecessary actions from the ship captains. The study adopted the person to person interview results and discussion with ship captains, literature search, and case legal documents for analyzing the possible process problem of stowaway associated with both cases. The present study summarized the precautionary approaches and guidance for ship owner and captain on the prevention of stowaway and the requirement of ISPSC code including related IMO convention, protocol, and regulation. Other main concerns are how to promote the shipping security including the duty of captain and the interests of shipping owner.

Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) are a type of transposable element (TE) that lacks coding capacity. It has been established that in rice that certain Stowaway MITEs are mobilized by transposases from the Tc1/Mariner superfamily of TEs. To retrieve all Tc1/Mariner TEs from the genome, bioinformatic approaches were performed. A total of 295 Tc1/Mariner TEs that encoded a full or partial transposase were recorded which 100 were newly described. Sequence alignment, and identification of the catalytic motif placed these transposases into eight groups. A functional link was established by comparing the terminal sequences of the Stowaway-like MITEs to the termini of the terminal sequences of Tc1/Mariner TEs. A yeast excision assay was used to experimentally test these functional links. Majority of the Stowaway-like MITE and transposase combinations tested did not indicate a functional link. However, a possible functional link was observed between the AATp3-13 transposase and AAStow-5 Stowaway-like MITEs.

Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) are a type of transposable element (TE) that lacks coding capacity. It has been established that in rice that certain Stowaway MITEs are mobilized by transposases from the Tc1/Mariner superfamily of TEs. To retrieve all Tc1/Mariner TEs from the genome, bioinformatic approaches were performed. A total of 295 Tc1/Mariner TEs that encoded a full or partial transposase were recorded which 100 were newly described. Sequence alignment, and identification of the catalytic motif placed these transposases into eight groups. A functional link was established by comparing the terminal sequences of the Stowaway-like MITEs to the termini of the terminal sequences of Tc1/Mariner TEs. A yeast excision assay was used to experimentally test these functional links. Majority of the Stowaway-like MITE and transposase combinations tested did not indicate a functional link. However, a possible functional link was observed between the AATp3-13 transposase and AAStow-5 Stowaway-like MITEs.

本論文旨在對清代臺灣的海防做一歷史建構。其問題意識在於提出“以陸制海”的運作模式，用以討論清廷經營臺灣海防的過程與缺失，並藉此說明當時中國未能發展海權的困難與阻礙。 / The theme of thesis is historical-reconstruction for maritime defense of Taiwan in Qing dynasty. A question consciousness will be offered by "land against sea" of application type and suggest two important points. First,the contents will discuss both process and mistakes which the Qing government managed maritime defense. On the other hand, the conclusion will explain the difficulties and obstacles which China didn't have develop the Sea Power.