The advancement in manufacturing technologies to produce high-performing engineered wood products (EWP) has allowed wood to be utilized beyond the traditional low-rise light-frame structures and to become a viable material option for much larger structures. Although glued-laminated timber (glulam) is included as a material option in the current blast code (CSA, 2012), its response to blast loading is not yet well documented. An experimental program investigating the behaviour of seventy glulam beams and columns was developed with focus on establishing the dynamic characteristics of glulam beams and columns with and without the effect of FRP reinforcement. A shock tube capable of simulating high strain rates similar to those experienced during blast was used. Thirty-eight beams with three different cross-sections were tested statically and dynamically to establish the high strain rate effects (dynamic increase factor). Six columns were also tested dynamically with axial load levels ranging from 15 to 75 % of the columns’ compression design capacity. Different retrofit configurations varying from simple tension reinforcement to U-shaped tension reinforcement with confinement using both unidirectional and bi-directional FRP were investigated on a total of twenty-six beams. A procedure capturing the strain-rate effects, variable axial load and FRP, was developed and found to be capable of predicting the flexural behaviour of the beams up to maximum resistance with reasonable accuracy when compared to experimentally obtained static and dynamic resistance curves. Implications on the design of both retrofitted and unretrofitted specimens are also discussed.

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Ce travail décrit une étude expérimentale sur des tôles en Ni-Ti à température ambiante en cisaillement plan simple, et pour des vitesses de déformation de 10-4 à 103/s. En quasi-statique (10-4-10-2/s), la mesure optique du champ de déplacement est indispensable à cause du faible déplacement (0.3mm). Des essais à vitesse de déformation intermédiaire (10-1-101/s) ont été réalisés avec la Machine MTS modifiée, capable d'aller à 300mm/s. Une caméra rapide est nécessaire pour suivre ces tests. Enfin, des barres de Hopkinson sont utilisées pour les essais à haute vitesse (102-103/s).Les efforts se sont concentrés sur la méthodologie afin d'explorer les limites expérimentales. Au niveau mécanique, des efforts ont été apportés sur la conception des montages des mors pour combiner des exigences contradictoires. Au niveau mesure, des caméras optiques fonctionnant jusqu'à 5M images/s ont été utilisées. La texture des images, la peinture, la lumière, la taille d'élément et l'incertitude sont analysées. De plus, la caméra infrarouge est utilisée pour confirmer l'observation optique sous faibles vitesses de déformation.Finalement, des essais ont été réalisés pour 7 ordres de grandeurs de la vitesse de déformation, avec identification de la relation contrainte-déformation et observation de l'évolution de la bande de transformation. On observe : (i) Une augmentation de la contrainte avec la vitesse de déformation. (ii) Un champ de déformation non homogène, même en faible vitesse, avec une bande à 10 degrés par rapport à la direction de cisaillement. (iii) Deux bandes séparées à haute vitesse (102/s), ce qui indique que la bande de localisation dépend de la vitesse de chargement. / This work describes an experimental study on a NiTi alloy at the ambient temperature (Pseudoelastic behavior) under the double in-plane shear loading over strain rates from 10-4 to 103/s. Under quasi-static loadings (10-4-10-2/s), the optical full-field measurement is necessary because of the very small displacement (0.3mm). The intermediate loading rates (10-1-101/s) are realized with a modified MTS machine able to load at 300mm/s. Moreover, a high-speed camera is needed to follow such tests. Finally, the Split Hopkinson bars are used to perform tests at impact loading rates (102-103/s).The main effort has been made on the methodological study to explore the experimental possibility. For the mechanical level, the attention has been paid on the design of the clamping system to cope with the contradictory requirements. For the measuring level, different optical cameras with sampling rate till to 5M frames/second are used. The texture, the painting, the lightening, the element size and the uncertainty are analyzed. Furthermore, an infrared camera was used at lower loading rates to confirm the DIC measurement.The tests are continually performed over 7 decades of the strain rate. The nominal stress-strain curves and the detailed observation of the transformation band evolution are measured. The main findings are as follows: (i) Regular stress increase with the strain rate; (ii) an inhomogeneous strain field under in-plane shear condition, even at very low strain rates, with a band at 10 degrees from the shear direction under lower strain rates. (iii) Two separated bands at the strain rate of 102/s, which suggests that the localized transformation bands are rate dependent.

The aim of the Diploma Thesis is to discuss the creation of material models for the forming technology in quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions and to practically propose a methodology of modeling the mechanical behavior of the selected material for dynamic load conditions using the Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar Test. The presented work contains an overview and analysis of individual experimental methods with the influence of the strain rate in terms of the extent of their suitability, the analysis of the plastic deformation mechanism, an overview of the mathematical mechanical behavior models for the materials used for technological practice and the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of stainless steel according to ČSN 41 7348 in terms of flat formability incl. evaluation of microstructure, fractographic analysis and evaluation of results from ferromagnetism measurement of steel after dynamic loading.