Bladder carcinoma (BCa) is among the most common carcinomas in the Western world. Despite the availability of effective therapies, there is currently an urgent need to develop a stratification method, which would enable the accurate identification of patients responsive to therapy. In the theoretical part of my diploma project I describe the heterogeneity of BCa and the currently applied immunotherapeutic approaches. I specifically focused on the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine instillation. For decades another use of BCG has been a prophylactic vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) infection. BCG serves as a model treatment because it is highly efficient when prescribed to the responsive patient. However, an effective stratification is yet to be developed for BCa and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) diagnosis and/or monitoring. In the experimental part of my project, I developed and tested a 10-parameter panel for T cell- specific activation test (TAT) applicable for a stratification of BCa patients as well as for the detection of LTBI. I tested the panel on positive controls using flow cytometry (FCM) method because it allows for detection and measurement of dozens of markers at a single cell level. It is easily applicable to available urine and blood samples obtained from BCa...

The dissertation analyses the stratification of Czech in terms of teaching Czech as a foreign language. The general theoretical part relates to teaching Czech as a foreign language or other foreign languages as close as possible. This part also includes the analysis of recordings of authentic communication between Czech speakers and foreigners. The findings of the analysis are subsequently applied to the sample plans of teaching units. The introductory part deals with the history and development of the theory of the standard Czech language and it also presents the attitudes held by the members of the Prague Linguistic Circle, which were published in Spisovná čeština a jazyková kultura (Czech Literary Language and Culture) in 1932. The theoretical part reflects the issue of defining the standard, mentions diglossia and presents a variety of contemporary opinions on future trends in the development of codification. In accordance with its aim, the paper lists the recommendations of benchmark descriptions for Czech as a foreign language and also describes so called Foreigner Talk, including the way foreigners are spoken to by the speakers of Czech. Furthermore, the extent to which spoken Czech is reflected upon in the instruction of Czech language for foreigners and/or teaching materials were studied....

The goal is to design a storage tank to the heat pumps air to water. The first part describes how a heat pump works and why it is advantageous to use the tank. Another section focuses on ways to accumulation of heat. Established a program that simulates the behavior of the heat pump system with storage tank, described how this program works and is designed tank size for a given heat pump. The last chapters deal with the calculation of minimum area of heat flow exchanger and the proposal inlet valve for improving the thermal stratification of the tank.

Homelessness is a socio-pathological phenomenon, caused by the inability of an individual to deal with crisis situations and leading to the lost of relationships but also the material environment. As a result of the above, the social exclusion of the individuals gradually becomes unchangeable. Here, Pěnkava (2013) describes the vertical decline within the social stratification, which brings a deep frustration and in a number of cases leads to resignation on the efforts to deal efficiently with the unfavorable situation. The causes of such collapse are multifactorial and hence, in order to solve them there is cooperation on the level of multidisciplinary teams needed. However, numerous issues are currently being solved by social workers only, who in many cases are forced to replace experts in fields such as law, psychology, pedagogy of leisure time, geriatry or medicine. The central theme of the dissertation is dealing with the possibilities and limitations of people without home in old age living in the Capital City of Prague. Considering the factors of age, the diversity in satisfying their needs and the associated risks involved, is this a specific group of people that is, moreover, at immediate risk to their lives and health. As a consequence, the dignity of these people is being hurt not only...

This thesis "Occupational prestige from 1995 to 2013" analyses changes in evaluation of occupational prestige within the era of post-socialistic transformation (1990s) and period of knowledge economy (after 2000). It focuses on latent structures behind prestige evaluation and if these latent structures are influenced by evaluator's social position. A secondary analysis of data from public opinion surveys (IVVM/CVVM) from 1995 to 2013 was carried out. Structure of occupational prestige scale had consolidated from the late 1990s into these groupings: public servants, manual occupations, professional positions important for the society, other non- manual professions and security forces. Further, the author aims to verify the validity of Like-Me hypothesis (people judge occupations that are, according to their class position, similar, as more prestigious than others) and the shared prestige hypothesis (class position doesn't differentiate the evaluations, the notion is rather widely shared). Other factors that have influence on the occupational prestige are analysed, specifically some sociodemographic factors (gender, education, residence size), subjective living standards of households and primarily the historical period (the socialization cohorts) when the person entered the labour market. It was...

Consumer culture of social classes in terms of food purchasing and consumption habits Monika Novotná Abstract This work deals with historical and sociological view on the issue of grocery obtaining and consumption between the end of World War II to the present. Grocery obtaining and consumption is understood as a symbolic expression of social status in society. The work is divided into two parts. Theoretical-historical part examines how food consumption is linked to changes of social stratification. Research part of thesis builds on the theme of food consumption by examining the shopping habits in relation to social class. The main question of theoretical-historical part is whether and how food consumption, relates to social differentiation. Trend of convergence of differences in consumption and rate of consumption stratification of social classes are monitored in time series in two eras - the communist period and the period after 1989. For both periods, a secondary analysis of historical data on the consumption of specific types of food that aims to detect differences or similar trends between social classes. While in the period of communism different social strata tend to convergence their consumption, with the exception of the cooperative farmers, whose consumption is influenced by self-supplying, after...

This thesis is a theoretical-historical attribute and focuses on the theory of classes and class conflict, on the genesis of the concept of class. The thesis will analyze the authors and directions-schools that have had an impact on the ideological founder of the concept Karl Marx and also how they developed their thinking. Marx nor any other author of the term "class, classes, class" never clearly defined. It is a historical and sociological perspective on the concept of "class", which is often defined differently, and still there is any clear definition, which would approve whole academic community. In modern societies, the term "class" is not used so often and has been replaced by the concept of social stratification. In recent years, the "classes" being discussed by worldwide experts, but the solution is still not found. Nevertheless, this work is optimistic and the author clearly advocates that the term "class" will not vanish from professional sociological discourse.

This thesis is a theoretical-historical attribute and focuses on the theory of classes and class conflict, on the genesis of the concept of class. The thesis will analyze the authors and directions-schools that have had an impact on the ideological founder of the concept Karl Marx and also how they developed their thinking. Marx nor any other author of the term "class, classes, class" never clearly defined. It is a historical and sociological perspective on the concept of "class", which is often defined differently, and still there is any clear definition, which would approve whole academic community. In modern societies, the term "class" is not used so often and has been replaced by the concept of social stratification. In recent years, the "classes" being discussed by worldwide experts, but the solution is still not found. Nevertheless, this work is optimistic and the author clearly advocates that the term "class" will not vanish from professional sociological discourse.

Lenka Mundevová Translation of Colloquial Language Devices in Fiction: A Century of Maupassant's Ivrogne in Czech Translation Abstract The dissertation compares the stylization of the dialogues in the French original of Maupassant's short story Ivrogne (The Drunkard), written in 1884, with five Czech translations published between 1902 and 1997. The comparative analysis is focused on the devices of colloquial language, including dialect, which appear frequently in the dialogues of the story and prove to be extraordinarily useful when interpreting Maupassant's text. The analysis of the excerpted material is preceded by the description of the basic characteristics of colloquial French and Czech, followed by the description of their stratifications. The mutual relation of the colloquial language varieties is an important prerequisite for the evaluation of the translations of colloquial language devices and their appropriateness in the individual Czech versions of Ivrogne. The paper also deals with the development of Czech aesthetic translation standards and their relation to the standard of local fiction, outlining the important tendencies of Czech fiction translation applied when colloquial devices were conveyed from French to Czech during the specified timeframe. The individual language devices used in the...