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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Cutaneous Water Loss and Covalently Bound Lipids of the Stratum Corneum in Adult and Nestling House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) from Desert and Mesic Habitats

Clement, Michelle Elaine 27 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
32

Essential Role of the Keratinocyte-Specific Endonuclease DNase1L2 in the Removal of Nuclear DNA from Hair and Nails.

Fischer, H., Szabo, S., Scherz, J., Jaeger, K., Rossiter, H., Buchberger, M., Ghannadan, M., Hermann, M., Theussl, H-C., Tobin, Desmond J., Wagner, E.F., Tschachler, E., Eckhart, L. 06 1900 (has links)
No / Degradation of nuclear DNA is a hallmark of programmed cell death. Epidermal keratinocytes die in the course of cornification to function as the dead building blocks of the cornified layer of the epidermis, nails, and hair. Here, we investigated the mechanism and physiological function of DNA degradation during cornification in vivo. Targeted deletion of the keratinocyte-specific endonuclease DNase1-like 2 (DNase1L2) in the mouse resulted in the aberrant retention of DNA in hair and nails, as well as in epithelia of the tongue and the esophagus. In contrast to our previous studies in human keratinocytes, ablation of DNase1L2 did not compromise the cornified layer of the epidermis. Quantitative PCRs showed that the amount of nuclear DNA was dramatically increased in both hair and nails, and that mitochondrial DNA was increased in the nails of DNase1L2-deficient mice. The presence of nuclear DNA disturbed the normal arrangement of structural proteins in hair corneocytes and caused a significant decrease in the resistance of hair to mechanical stress. These data identify DNase1L2 as an essential and specific regulator of programmed cell death in skin appendages, and demonstrate that the breakdown of nuclear DNA is crucial for establishing the full mechanical stability of hair.
33

Linear combination methods for prediction of drug skin permeation

Scheler, S., Fahr, A., Liu, Xiangli 01 1900 (has links)
Yes / Many in-vitro methods for prediction of skin permeability have been reported in literature. Cerasome electrokinetic chromatography is one of the most sophisticated approaches representing a maximum level of similarity to the lipid phase of the stratum corneum. One goal of this study was to investigate the affinity pattern of Cerasome and to compare it with the permeability profile of human skin. Another purpose was to study the applicability of Hansen solubility parameters for modelling skin permeation and to investigate the predictive and explanatory potential of this method. Visualisation in Hansen diagrams revealed very similar profiles of Cerasome electrokinetic chromatography retention factors and skin permeability coefficients. In both cases, the characteristic pattern with two clusters of highly retained or highly permeable substances could be shown to be mainly caused by two groups of compounds, one of them with high affinity to ceramides, fatty acids and lecithin and the other being more affine to cholesterol. If based on a sufficiently comprehensive experimental dataset, model-independent predictions of skin permeability data using three-component Hansen solubility parameters are able to achieve similar accuracy as calculations made with an Abraham linear free energy relationship model in which the compounds are characterized by seven physicochemical descriptors.
34

Les lipoamino acides : des vecteurs d'absorption pour l'administration transmembranaire de biomécules

Bijani, Christian 09 March 2010 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de développer des voies d’administrations moins contraignantes pour le patient que la voie injectable traditionnellement utilisée pour la délivrance de peptides et de protéines thérapeutiques. Nous nous sommes donc intéressés dans ce travail à la formulation de ces peptides et protéines par la réalisation de systèmes colloïdaux formés de vecteurs amphiphiles, les lipoamino acides (LAAs). Ces systèmes colloïdaux protéines/LAAs sont destinés à l’administration de peptides et protéines par voie nasale et par voie cutanée. Ces travaux ont été réalisés en collaboration avec une industrie bordelaise spécialisée dans la formulation de principes actifs. La première partie de la thèse décrit la formation colloïdale de LAAs et de protéines thérapeutiques pour l’administration par voie nasale. Des études en dichroïsme circulaire nous ont donné des informations sur la structure secondaire des protéines dans le colloïde formé. L’analyse en diffusion dynamique de la lumière nous a apporté des informations sur la taille des complexes colloïdaux protéine-LAAs. La modélisation moléculaire nous a permis d’étudier la structure atomique de ces complexes colloïdaux. Enfin, pour évaluer la perméabilité membranaire de ces colloïdes, des études in vitro sur cellules nasales et des études précliniques ont été réalisées. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés au développement d’une formulation colloïdale à base de LAAs et de cyclosporine en vue du traitement par voie locale du psoriasis. L’efficacité de la formulation a été testée par RMN du deutérium grâce au développement et à la validation de modèles lipidiques de peau saine et psoriasique. / The aim of this thesis is to develop less constraining administration pathways than the injectable way traditionnaly used for the delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins. In this work we focus in the formulation of these peptides and proteins by formation of colloidal system with amphiphilic vectors, the lipoamino acids (LAAs). These colloidal systems proteins/LAAs are intended for the administration of peptides and proteins by nasal and cutaneous pathways. This work was completed in collaboration with an industry located in Bordeaux and in the formulation of active ingredients. The first part of the thesis describes the colloidal formation of LAAs and therapeutic proteins for an administration by nasal route. Studies with circular dichroism gave information on the secondary structure of proteins in the colloid. Analysis using dynamic light scattering brought information on the size of the protein-LAAs colloidal complexes. Molecular modeling enabled us to study the atomic structure of these colloidal complexes. Finally, to evaluate the membrane permeability of these colloids, in vitro studies on nasal cells and preclinical studies were performed. In the second part, we developed a colloidal formulation containing LAAs and cyclosporine for treatment of psoriasis by local/topical administration. The effectiveness of the formulation was tested by solid state deuterium NMR on original lipidic models of healthy and psoriatic skin developed in the laboratory.
35

Study of pH effect on the skin in Franz cell by impedance spectroscopy: an attempt to model incontinence effect on the skin.

Patel, Megha Bhavinkumar January 2022 (has links)
The human skin is the largest and most complex body organ but accessible and attractive for biomarker sampling and transdermal drug delivery. The two procedures are significantly impacted by several biophysical properties of the skin, especially the pH and stratum corneum (SC)hydration. The varying levels of pH on the skin surface usually impact the permeability barrier function of the SC, contributing to the onset of dermatological disorders such as incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). Consequently, this scholarly work provides a comprehensive in vitro investigation of the effect of pH on the skin including the effect of artificial urine. The pig skin membranes were used to conduct electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)experiments using a four-electrode Franz cell set-up. Artificial urine and buffered solution with varying pH gradients were utilized to induce reversible changes in effective membrane capacitance (Ceff) and membrane resistance (Rmem). The in vitro investigation revealed that exposure to urine changed the electrical impedance properties of the skin. Specifically, we found that the application of artificial urine to the skin reduced skin resistance. At the same time, we also find systematic changes in skin capacitance. Skin capacitance increased with increased pH. Hence the two skin impedance parameters showed a clear effect of artificial urine on the skin. These changes, i.e., the decrease of Rmem and increase of Ceff of skin membranes when they are exposed to artificial urine, can be interpreted as skin barrier deterioration The information provided herein is relevant in describing the detrimental effect of urine on the skin, which probably makes skin barrier more permeable.
36

Computational modeling of biological barriers

Wennberg, Christian January 2016 (has links)
One of the most important aspects for all life on this planet is the act to keep their biological processes in a state where they do not reach equilibrium. One part in the upholding of this imbalanced state is the barrier between the cells and their surroundings, created by the cell membrane. Additionally, terrestrial animal life often requires a barrier that protects the organism's body from external hazards and water loss. As an alternative to experiments, the investigation of the processes occurring at these barriers can be performed by using molecular dynamics simulations. Through this method we can obtain an atomistic description of the dynamics associated with events that are not accessible to experimental setups.  In this thesis the first paper presents an improved particle-mesh Ewald method for the calculation of long-range Lennard-Jones interactions in molecular dynamics simulations, which solves the historical performance problem of the method. The second paper demonstrate an improved implementation, with a higher accuracy, that only incurs a performance loss of roughly 15% compared to conventional simulations using the Gromacs simulation package. Furthermore, the third paper presents a study of cholesterol's effect on the permeation of six different solutes across a variety of lipid bilayers. A laterally inhomogeneous permeability in cholesterol-containing membranes is proposed as an explanation for the large differences between experimental permeabilities and calculated partition coefficients in simulations. The fourth paper contains a coarse-grained simulation study of a proposed structural transformation in ceramide bilayer structures, during the formation of the stratum corneum. The simulations show that glycosylceramides are able to stabilize a three-dimensionally folded bilayer structure, while simulations with ceramides collapse into a lamellar bilayer structure. / <p>QC 20160308</p>
37

Validation et implémentation des descripteurs de l'hydratation et des propriétés mécaniques du stratum corneum ex vivo et in vivo

Vyumvuhore, Raoul 14 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
La peau est l'organe le plus grand du corps humain et représente ~10% de la masse corporelle. La bonne qualité de son état et de ses fonctionnalités est primordiale pour la santé d'un individu. La sécheresse cutanée constitue un phénomène commun dans différents dysfonctionnements physiopathologiques. Grâce à ses propriétés de protection de l'organisme vis-à-vis de son environnement, le stratum corneum (SC) est considéré comme le principal élément contrôlant l'hydratation. Ce travail de thèse, associant des développements techniques et méthodologiques, a conduit à la mise en évidence par microspectroscopie Raman confocale, des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les phénomènes de sécheresse cutanée. Le lien moléculaire entre hydratation et stress mécanique du SC ex vivo est décrit de manière approfondie impliquant lipides et protéines tissulaires. Ces travaux ont également porté sur la caractérisation des modifications supramoléculaires responsables des déformations du SC sous stress mécanique. En parallèle, ce travail illustre l'intérêt des spectroscopies vibrationnelles comme outil d'évaluation des mécanismes d'action des produits hydratants.Le caractère non-invasif de la spectroscopie Raman a permis d'exploiter les fortes potentialités de cette technique en transposant in vivo l'utilisation des descripteurs spectraux obtenus ex vivo. Ainsi, nous avons développé une approche in vivo couplant la spectroscopie Raman et la méthode des moindres carrés partiels (PLS) pour la quantification indirecte de différents paramètres physico-chimiques et fonctionnels du SC y compris les lipides et l'eau conduisant à une caractérisation globale du statut physiopathologique du SC.
38

Optimalizace modelu kožní bariéry s obsahem ceramidů izolovaných z lidského stratum corneum / Optimization of the skin barrier model with isolated ceramides of human stratum corneum

Dulanská, Lucia January 2021 (has links)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Author: Lucia Dulanská Supervisor: Mgr. Petra Pullmannová, Ph.D Title of thesis: Optimization of the skin barrier model with isolated ceramides of human Stratum corneum Stratum corneum (SC), the uppermost layer of the skin, regulates transcutaneous water loss and protects against outer conditions and harmful substances. It consists of cornified cells - corneocytes and extracellular lipid matrix, which is responsible for the barrier functions. Corneocytes are covered with covalently bound lipids creating the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE). CLE is considered to interconnect the extracellular lipids with corneocytes and to have a templating effect. We aimed to optimize a skin lipid model simulating also the presence of CLE. The lipidic part of the model was prepared from an equimolar mixture of isolated human skin ceramides (hCer), cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA, either protonated or deuterated) with 5 weight % of cholesteryl sulfate. hCer were extracted from the isolated human SC and purified by the column chromatography. The composition of hCer was determined by the high- performance thin-layer chromatography. The reverse-phase and normal phase silica gel particles served as the CLE...
39

Études des interactions lipide/lipide du stratum corneum par spectroscopie infrarouge par transformée de Fourier

Bonenfant, Danielle 02 1900 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal. / Une étude a été entreprise dans le but de déterminer les interactions pouvant survenir entre certains lipides impliqués dans les fonctions de barrière de perméabilité et de desquamation du stratum corneum. Cette étude a consisté à étudier le thermotropisme de diverses dispersions composées de sphingomyéline, céramide 3, acide palmitique perdeutéré, cholestérol et sulfate de cholestérol en proportions variées, par spectroscopie infrarouge par transformée de Fourier. Cette étude a été également effectuée aux pH 5.2 et 7.4 afin d'estimer l'influence de l'environnement ionique sur 1'interaction de ces lipides. Le thermotropisme des dispersions de céramide 3 et de sphingomyéline a indiqué que le céramide 3 adopte un empilement plus serré que la sphingomyéline aux deux pH. Les résultats ont également indiqué que l'acide palmitique rigidifie la bicouche de sphingomyéline et fluidifie la dispersion de céramide 3, et que la miscibilité de cet acide gras est plus élevée avec la sphingomyéline qu'avec le céramide 3. Toutefois, la miscibilité de l'acide palmitique et du céramide 3 est augmentée par le cholestérol et le sulfate de cholestérol à pH 5.2, ce qui semble affecter leur thermotropisme en induisant la formation d'une phase très ordonnée à 37 °C. Par contre, le cholestérol et le sulfate de cholestérol semblent accentuer la déprotonation de l'acide palmitique en présence du céramide 3 à pH 7.4, ce qui semble provoquer une séparation de phase de l'acide gras et du céramide 3. Le cholestérol induit également la formation de la phase liquide ordonnée au sein de la bicouche de sphingomyéline en présence de l' acide palmitique aux pH 5.2 et 7.4. Toutefois, le sulfate de cholestérol semble être moins efficace que le cholestérol à abolir la transition de phase de la sphingomyéline et de l 'acide palmitique. L'analyse des résultats nous a permis de déterminer que l'acide palmitique, le cholestérol et le sulfate de cholestérol interagissent avec la sphingomyéline et le céramide 3 par l'intermédiaire d' interactions hydrophobes et de van der Waals impliquant leurs portions hydrophobes, et de liaisons hydrogène qui impliquent leurs groupements d'interface et de tête iv polaire. Il ressort également que les implications de ces lipides et du pH dans les fonctions de barrière de perméabilité et de desquamation pourraient être purement structurales. En fait, la structure de la tête polaire du céramide 3 permet l'empilement serré des lipides ainsi que l'imperméabilité des membranes, le cholestérol et le sulfate de cholestérol augmentent la miscibilité de l'acide palmitique et du céramide 3 à pH 5.2, et l'environnement à pH 5.2 semble être nécessaire au maintien de l'intégrité du stratum corneum.
40

Human skin sandwich for assessing shunt route penetration during passive and iontophoretic drug and liposome delivery.

Essa, Ebtessam A., Bonner, Michael C., Barry, Brian W. January 2002 (has links)
No / This work explored the role of skin appendages (shunt route) in passive and iontophoretic drug and liposome penetration. The technique used an epidermis and stratum corneum sandwich from the same skin donor with the additional stratum corneum forming the top layer of the sandwich. Penetration was monitored during occluded passive and iontophoretic (0.5 mA cm-2) delivery of mannitol and estradiol solutions, and ultradeformable liposomes containing estradiol. The shunt route had a significant role during passive penetration of mannitol (hydrophilic compound), but was negligible during penetration of estradiol (lipophilic drug) and liposomes. In iontophoresis, the shunt route significantly contributed to the overall flux of all preparations, being highest for mannitol. However, shunts were not the only pathway for iontophoretic drug delivery and evidence was observed for the creation of new aqueous pathways via disorganization of the intercellular lipid domain of stratum corneum. The skin sandwich technique should prove valuable for general studies on routes of skin penetration.

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