The overall goal of the current study was to determine if perceptions of popular peers' relationally aggressive (PPSRA) and prosocial behaviors (PPSP) were related to engagement in these behaviors in a sample of emerging adults. This study also investigated if these associations were moderated by sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) reactivity to peer stress and gender. Although a significant amount of research suggests that aggressive behaviors can be socialized by peers (e.g., Molano, Jones, Brown, & Aber, 2013), there is a dearth of work that has examined relational forms of aggression that tend to be more salient for females and more positive, prosocial behaviors. Further, given that some research suggests that perceptions about how peers behave, regardless of peers' actual behavior, influences individual behavior (e.g., Song et al., 2012), the current study investigated the impact of perceptions of peer behavior. Additionally, research suggests that some individuals are more susceptible to peer influence than others (e.g., Steinberg & Monahan, 2007). Biological Sensitivity to Context (BSC) has been offered as a potential explanation for this differential susceptibility to peer influence (e.g., Boyce & Ellis, 2005). BSC theory postulates that individuals with a heightened stress response are more malleable to environmental influence, for better or worse; therefore, the interaction between PNS reactivity to stress (measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA-R]) and SNS reactivity (measured by skin conductance level [SCL-R]) to a relational stressor was examined as a moderator in the current study. Gender was also examined as a moderator. 200 emerging adults aged 18-23 years (70% female; Mage= 19.04) were recruited from introductory psychology courses at a Northeastern public university. Participants' SCL-R and RSA-R were assessed during a laboratory stress protocol during which they recounted an experience of relational stress. PPSRA, PPSP, and gender were gathered via self-report. Findings suggest that PPSRA was positively related to self-reported engagement in relational aggression and, similarly, PPSP was positively associated with self-reported engagement in prosocial behavior. However, neither interactions between RSA-R and SCL-R nor gender significantly moderated these relationships. Follow-up analyses indicated PPSP was significantly, negatively related to engagement in relational aggression for males only. Findings suggest that perceptions about the behavior of popular peers do have an important influence on college students' behavior and highlight future directions for research into the factors that may modify this relationship.

Orientador: Luciano Hauschild / Coorientador: Candido Pomar / Coorientador: Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado Campos / Banca: Urbano dos Santos Ruiz / Banca: Nilva Kazue Sakomura / Banca: César Augusto Pospissil Garbossa / Banca: Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi / Resumo: A criação de suínos em países em desenvolvimento, localizados em regiões de clima tropical predominantemente quente com investimento reduzido em infraestrutura, expõem os animais a condições de estresse por calor. Por sua vez, o estresse por calor gera perdas significativas na produção animal, principalmente para suínos, devido à sua capacidade limitada de dissipar calor. Além disso, as disseminações de vetores de doenças devido à alta temperatura também aumentam os desafios na suinocultura. O investimento para climatização completa de uma instalação pode acarretar no aumento do custo de produção e preços menos competitivos para o suinocultor. Nesse sentido, a escolha de uma genética adequada atreladas a um bom plano nutricional torna-se indispensável na suinocultura mundial. Dessa forma, com essa tese objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do estresse por calor primeiramente em diferentes genéticas. Após definir-se a genética mais sensível ao estresse por calor, foi realizado um segundo estudo utilizando duas técnicas de nutrição (convencional e de precisão) para avaliação das respostas de desempenho e composição corporal dos animais. No primeiro estudo o objetivo foi avaliar a robustez no desempenho e composição corporal de progênies provenientes de duas genéticas pai (G) comumente utilizadas mundialmente (AGPIC 327: Hampshire puro e AGPIC 337: linhagem sintética) submetidos ao estresse por calor (33ºC). Um total de 24 suínos machos castrados (peso inicial de 32,0 ± 2,0 kg) foram ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Developing countries, located in regions of predominantly warm tropical climate with little investment in infrastructure, expose animals to heat stress conditions. In turn, heat stress generates significant losses in animal production, especially for pigs, because of their limited ability to dissipate heat. In addition, the spread of disease vectors by heat also increases the challenges in swine farming. The investment for complete climatization of a facility can lead to an increased production costs and less competitive prices for the pig farmer. Because of this, the choice of an appropriate genetic linked to a good plan of nutrition become indispensable in the swine industry worldwide. Thus, with this thesis we aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress first on different genetics. After defining the genetics most sensitive to heat stress, a second study was performed using two nutrition techniques (conventional and precision feeding) to evaluate the performance responses and body composition of the animals. In the first study the objective was to evaluate the robustness in the performance and body composition of progenies from two sire genotypes (G) commonly used worldwide (AGPIC 327: pure Hampshire and AGPIC 337: synthetic line) under heat stress (33 ºC). A total of 24 barrows (initial weight 32.0 ± 2.0 kg) were housed in individual pens and then submitted to one of two environments (AT), being thermoneutral at 22 ºC (TN) and high temperature at 33 ° C (HT). Feed intake... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

We attempted to understand the molecular regulators that impact inflammation using a rat model of human sensation-seeking/risk-taking trait for drug and stress vulnerability, based on their exploratory behavior displaying high rates (HRs) or low rates of locomotor reactivity (LRs) to environmental stress. We found that HRs have a pro-inflammatory phenotype as indicated by increased protein expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-(Sa(B. Furthermore, we found that HRs have a lower gene expression of the glucocorticoid receptor and histone deacetylase 2 which are known to play an immunosuppressive role. Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a homeostatic process needed for cell maintenance, growth and proliferation and known to assist in tumor survival. FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1 (FYCO1) is a novel protein implicated to assist in the plus-end directed trafficking and fusion of autophagosomes. In these studies, we show that FYCO1 gene expression among human breast cell lines of varying degrees of malignancy. / Lillian C. Onwuka-Ekpete. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Sponges are an important source of bioactive marine natural products, or secondary metabolites. The common Caribbean reef sponge, Axinella corrugata, produces an antitumor and antibacterial chemical, stevensine. This study determined whether environmental stressors, such as elevated temperature and exposure to Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae, affect the production of stevensine by A.corrugata and if the stressors caused A.corrugata to exhibit differential gene expression. Temperature stress resulted in no significant change in the production of stevensine; only two genes were significantly differentially expressed, including hsp70. Larval stressed resulted in increased production of stevensine and significant differential gene expression (more than seventy genes). This study suggests that A.corrugata may be resilient to elevations in temperature and that one of stevensine's roles in nature is as an antifoulant. / by Jennifer Grima. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013 / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Zhou Liran. / "June 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-216). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Lo Ka-Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-197). / Chapter I --- Title page --- p.i / Chapter II --- Thesis committee --- p.ii / Chapter II --- Acknowledgment --- p.iii-iv / Chapter III --- Abstract --- p.v-vi / Chapter IV --- Table of content --- p.vii-xiv / Chapter V --- List of figures --- p.xv-xviii / Chapter VI --- List of tables --- p.xix-xx / Forewords: / Overall objectives --- p.1 / Introduction on the fish used in this research study --- p.2 / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Literature Review on Biomarkers of Stress in Teleosts --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1 --- Definition of stress --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Classification of stress indicators --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Primary stress indicators --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Molecular stress indicators --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Hormonal stress indicators --- p.9 / Chapter (I) --- Corticosteroid --- p.9 / Chapter (II) --- Catecholamines --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Secondary stress indicators --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Metabolic changes --- p.12 / Chapter (I) --- Glucose metabolism --- p.13 / Chapter (II) --- Lactic acid --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Osmoregulatory changes --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Haematological changes --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.2.4 --- Reproductive changes --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Tertiary stress indicators --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Histopathological indicators --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Ecological indicators --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3 --- Recent trends on the study of biomarkers --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Use of detoxification enzymes for specific indication of toxic pollutants in aquatic environment --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Metallothioneins (MTs) --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Cytochrome P450 monoxygenase (CYP450) --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Use of HSP 70 as a biomarker in teleost --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4 --- Future perspectives on the study of biomarkers in fish --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review on Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1 --- General Characteristics of HSPs --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- HSP90 family --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- HSP70 family --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- HSP60 family (Chaperonin-60) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Low-molecular weight HSPs (HSP20) --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- Structure of HSP70 encoding gene --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- General characteristics of HSP70-encoding gene --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Heat shock transcription factor (HSF) --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Heat shock elements (HSE) --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3 --- Stress-mediated control of HSP70 transcription --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4 --- Characterization of HSP70 expression in teleost --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Tissues-specific expression of HSP70 in teleost --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Inter-relationship of HSP70 expression with seasonal variation and thermotolerance of teleost --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Induction of HSP70 in teleost upon acute thermal stress --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Induction of HSP70 in teleost by non-thermal stressors --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.4.1 --- Heavy metal-induced HSP70 expression --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.4.2 --- Handling stress-induced HSP70 expression --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- "Induction of HSP70 in blood cells of seabream, Sparus sarba subjected to in vivo and in vitro thermal stress" --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Overall experimental design --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Fish --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Blood sampling --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Preparation of blood cells --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Thermal stress regimes --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Time couse of HSP70 induction profile in blood cells after in vitro exposure to thermal stress --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- HSP70 synthesis in blood cells taken from fish subjected to in vivo hyper- thermic stress --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.5.3 --- Transcriptional inhibitory effect of actinomycin D on the synthesis of HSP70 in blood cells subjected to in vitro thermal stress --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Protein analysis --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Immunoblotting (Western blot analysis) --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Autroradiography --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Time course of HSP70 induction profile in blood cells subjected to in vitro thermal treatments --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Results of immunoblotting from blood cells of fish acclimated to 26°C --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Results of immunoblotting in blood cells from 18°C-acclimated fish --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- Results of immunoblotting in blood cells from fish acclimated to 20°C --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- 35S-methionine labelling of de novo protein synthesis in blood cells of fish acclimated to 15 and 20°C --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Blood cell HSP70 levels in 20°C-acclimated fish subjected to in vivo hyperthermic stress --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Transcriptional inhibitory effect of actinomycin D on HSP70 induction in blood cells subjected to in vitro thermal stress --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussions --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Characteristics of HSP70 induction in blood cells of seabream subjected to in vitro temperature stress --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Induction profile of HSP70 in blood cells --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Time course ofHSP70 induction in blood cells --- p.75 / Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- Effect of acclimation temperature of fish on the induction of HSP70 --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Comparison of HSP70 induction in in vitro and in vivo thermal treatment on blood cells --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- "Effect of transcriptional inhibitor, actinomycin D, on the de novo synthesis of HSP70" --- p.80 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- "Effects of seasonal variation and transportation stress on level of HSP70, serum glucose and serum Cortisol in seabream, Sparus sarba" --- p.86 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Overall experimental design --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Fish and blood sampling --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Preparation of blood samples --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Determination of HSP70 levels in blood cells sampled from seabream upon different seasons --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Immunoblotting analysis --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Enzyme-linked Immnosorbent Assay (ELISA) --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Measurement of serum parameter in seabream --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2.7.1 --- Serum glucose --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2.7.2 --- Serum Cortisol --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Determination of HSP70 levels in blood cells sampled from seabream in different seasons --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Immunoblotting analysis --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Serum analysis of seabream sampled from fish farm in different seasons --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Serum glucose --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Serum Cortisol --- p.99 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussions --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Characterization of HSP70 expression in blood cells of seabream --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Dynamicity of HSP70 content and thermo- tolerance of fish in different seasons --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effect of transportation stress on HSP70 induction in blood cells of seabream --- p.121 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Dynamicity of serum glucose level in seabream subjected to seasonal variations --- p.123 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Effect of transportation stress on the serum glucose level of seabream in different seasons --- p.124 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Dynamicity of senam Cortisol level in seabream subjected to seasonal variations --- p.125 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Effect of transportation stress on the serum Cortisol level of seabream in different seasons --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4.8 --- "Comments on the use of HSP70, serum Cortisol and serum glucose as biomarkersin environmental supervision" --- p.126 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.129 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- "In vitro and in vivo effects of Cortisol, dexamethasone and adrenaline on the induction of HSP70 in seabream, Sparus sarba" --- p.131 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.132 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.133 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Overall experimental design --- p.133 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Acclimation of fish and regimes of treatment --- p.133 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Serum Cortisol and adrenaline analysis --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- "Protein analysis, gel electrophoresis, immuno- blotting and ELISA analysis" --- p.136 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.137 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- "HSP70 level in blood cells treated with Cortisol, dexamethasone and adrenaline in vitro" --- p.137 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- "Serum hormones and HSP70 level in tissues of fish injected with Cortisol, adrenaline and dexamethasone invivo" --- p.137 / Chapter 5.3.2.1 --- Serum Cortisol and adrenaline level of fish after hormone injections --- p.137 / Chapter 5.3.2.2 --- "HSP70 level in blood cells, brain and liver tissue of fish after hormone injections" --- p.138 / Chapter (I) --- Level of HSP70 in blood cells of fish after hormone injections --- p.138 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussions --- p.156 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- In vitro and in vivo study of the hormonal effect on HSP70 level in blood cells of seabream --- p.156 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Hypothetical mechanism of hormone-receptor mediated HSP70 regulation --- p.158 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- In vivo study of the hormonal effect on HSP70 level in blood cells of seabream --- p.160 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- In vivo study on the hormonal effect of HSP70 synthesis in liver of seabream --- p.163 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- In vivo study on the hormonal effect of HSP70 synthesis in brain tissue of seabream --- p.165 / Chapter 5.4.6 --- HSP70 level in different tissues of fish in relation to the induction and sensitivity against stress --- p.166 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusions --- p.169 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Summary --- p.171 / References --- p.175

Submitted by Biblioteca do Instituto Biomédico BIB (uffbib@gmail.com) on 2017-09-13T14:00:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Igor - Versão Final.pdf: 7141092 bytes, checksum: 07c59494ecff50cfb9717811bc27cc28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T14:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Igor - Versão Final.pdf: 7141092 bytes, checksum: 07c59494ecff50cfb9717811bc27cc28 (MD5) / O exercício físico (EF) realizado em estresse térmico (ET) provoca aumento da temperatura central e desidratação levando a redução no desempenho físico, com impacto importante na manutenção do débito cardíaco (DC) e no consumo máximo de oxigênio. Remadores realizam sessões de treinamento em ambientes externos com temperatura elevada e impossibilidade de controle desta variável. Embora a redução do desempenho em máxima intensidade já seja descrito, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos do ET nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias e de desempenho físico em sessões de treinamento aeróbio em remadores. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do estresse térmico e hidratação em sessões de EF submáximo de longa duração sobre as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias em remadores. Métodos: Oito remadores realizaram quatro sessões de EF de 12km no remoergômetro em condições hipertérmicas (30ºC) e normotérmicas (22ºC) com reposição ou sem ingestão alguma de água ao longo das sessões. As condições normotérmicas desidratado (ND), normotérmicas hidratado (NH), hipertérmica desidratado (HD) e hipertérmica hidratado (HH), foram constituídos de quatro estágios de 3km cada e mensuradas a potência, o da frequência cardíaca (FC), o volume sistólico (VS), o DC, o consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e a temperatura corporal (TCO). Resultados: Em HH a potência foi mantida, porém o VO2 reduziu a partir de 6km, já a hidratação atenuou o aumento da FC e impediu a redução no VS comparado com as condições normotérmicas (p<0,05). Em HD a potência foi menor, porém a FC foi maior, o VS foi menor e o VO2 reduziu a partir de 6km comparado com as condições normotérmicas (p<0,05). A TCO em condições hipertérmicas foi maior comparado com as sessões normotérmicas (p<0,05). Conclusão: Exercício físico realizado por remadores em estresse térmico reduz o consumo de oxigênio e eleva a temperatura corporal, porém os efeitos negativos sobre o débito cardíaco, a frequência cardíaca e o volume sistólico são atenuados pela hidratação. / Physical exercise (PE) performed in thermal stress (TS) provokes the increase in central temperature and dehydration leading to a reduction in physical performance, cardiac output (CO) and oxygen consumption (VO2). Rowers perform training sessions in external environment with elevated temperature and the impossibility to control this variable. Although the reduction in maximal physical performance is well recognized, little is known about the effects of TS on the cardiorespiratory responses and physical performance during aerobic training sessions with rowers. Aim: to evaluate the impact of the thermal stress and hydration on submaximal exercise training sessions of long duration on cardiorespiratory variables of rowers. Methods: Eight rowers performed four 12km of indoor rowing in hyperthermic (30ºC) and normothermic (22ºC) conditions, with or without water ingestion. The conditions normothermic dehydrated (ND), normothermic hydrated (NH), hyperthermic dehydrated (HD) and hyperthermic hydrated (HH), were divided in stages of 3km and the power, heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), CO, VO2 and body temperature (TCO) were measured. Results: In HH power was maniteined, however the VO2 was reduced after 6km, hydration attenuated the increase n HR and the reduction of SV as compared to normothermic conditions (p<0,05). In HD power was diminished, with a greater HR, lower SV and VO2 after 6km as compared to normothermic conditions (p<0,05). TCO in hyperthermic conditions was greater as compared to both normothermic sessions (p<0,05). Conclusion: Physical exercise performed by rowers in thermal stress induces reductions of oxygen consumption and elevates body temperature, however the negative effects on cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate were attenuated with hydration.

Abstract not available

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 44-54.

The “Free Hormone Hypothesis” posits that only free, unbound hormone is biologically active and available to tissues. Conventional biomedical wisdom proposes that corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) normally binds 90-95% of blood glucocorticoid (GC), rendering it unavailable to tissues. Under chronic stress, GC levels greatly exceed binding capacity resulting in impaired bodily function and reduced fitness. However, under normal conditions in northern and southern flying squirrels, less than 10% of GC is bound, presenting a major challenge to the hypothesis. To assess the extent of variation in these properties among vertebrates, I compared all species (88) with known GC and CBG and levels. 92% conform reasonably to known convention. Flying squirrels appear as extreme species, as do New World monkeys, yet both groups evolved from ancestors that followed normal convention. I speculate as to how this state evolved and persisted through time.