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Dans le courant des alternatives thérapeutiques et de l'approche corps/esprit, la méditation comme objet de recherche dans le champ des prises en charge thérapeutique et de la psychologie de la santé fait état d'un grand nombre de recherches aux États-Unis depuis les vingts dernières années, Un développement embryonnaire voit le jour dans les pays francophone. S'inscrivant dans cette optique, l'objectif de cette thèse est dans un premier temps de montrer l'intérêt de ce concept en psychothérapie en le clarifiant dans ces trois approches principales (concentration, pleine conscience, méditation en mouvement), de focaliser sur la méditation de pleine conscience en l'articulant au sein de la troisième vague des TTC et de l'éclairer sous l'angle neurologique et physiologique. Dans un second temps, nous développerons de façon pratique l'approche MBSR issue des travaux de J Kabat Zinn (1990) et de ses successeurs en la testant sur la gestion du stress, de l'anxiété, de la qualité de vie, du coping et de la dépression sur une population d'étudiant et de diabétique de type 1. A cela s'ajoutera des études de cas. Enfin, nous amènerons la discussion sur l'efficacité de la pratique MBSR au regard des recherches neurologiques dans un souci futures dans l'intégration en psychothérapie / AIn the feld of the alternative therapy and of the mind body approche, meditation as a new object of research in this aera show a lot of improvment in the last twenty years, with a new development in Europe. The objective of this thesis is to show the great interest of this concept inpsychotherapy with a clarification in its three main areas (concentration, mindfulness, and movement meditation), with a focus on mindfulness meditation linked to the behavioural and cognitive therapies, and with an neurological and physiological highlights. Additionnaly to that, we will develop on a pratical way, the MBSR (Mindfulness based stress reduction) approach linked to the work of J Kabat Zinn (1990) with experimental assessment on stress, anxiety, quality of life, coping and depression on two populations (student and diabetic type 1), and case studies. At the end, we will focus the discussion ont the effectiveness of MBSR linked to neurological researches and integration with psuchotherpies

Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to effectively alleviate psychological suffering. The current study compares the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention with an interpersonal support group and a notreatment condition in relieving psychological distress. Participants in this study comprised 112 college students from two universities who contacted the University Counseling Center on their respective college campus to access mental health services. Clients completed written measures at 3 time points; pre- intervention, postintervention, and at 6 months. The overall findings of this study indicate greater reductions over time in the mindfulness-based intervention on measures of anxiety, depression, academic problems, and increase in mindfulness skills compared to the interpersonal support group and no-treatment condition. Conversely, among participants in the interpersonal support group, findings reveal greater reductions in interpersonal problems. Further, results document a positive association between time spent in home mindfulness practice and change in mindfulness skills, and reductions in psychological distress. Mindfulness-based programs may prove to be a time and cost-effective intervention for addressing the needs of University Counseling Centers at a time when there is a shortage of mental health services.

*LITERATURE REVIEW* Abstract Background: Insomnia is an increasing public health epidemic, affecting healthy, sub-clinical and clinical populations. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the most evidence-based treatment endorsed by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) which provides guidance to health and social services in England. Research has demonstrated, however, that CBT-I has low or uncertain efficacy within various populations including those with coexisting health problems and clinical diagnoses. Furthermore, CBT-I is not accessible to most people due to poor prioritisation within services and a paucity of clinicians skilled in insomnia treatment. There is an urgent need to develop alternative interventions for this persistent and highly debilitating complaint. Acceptance based approaches to insomnia including mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) provide an alternative model for holistic treatment of sleep distress. Objectives: This review summarises and synthesises the available literature investigating the effectiveness of MBSR as a treatment for insomnia in community and clinical populations (with some specific populations excluded). Method: Systematic review of all relevant quantitative and qualitative literature to date using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and Web of Knowledge databases. Results: 13 relevant articles were included (3 abstracts): randomised control trials (RCTs), experimental, quasi-experimental and qualitative studies. Conclusions: Overall, the limited research in this area was assessed to be of moderate quality and to provide preliminary evidence that MBSR offers an effective intervention for insomnia symptoms and disorder in various populations. The review highlighted the paucity of research specifically MBSR AND INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS 10 investigating the acceptability of MBSR as an insomnia treatment, particularly for more complex presentations. It is possible that MBSR provides holistic and bi-directional benefits for sleep and emotional well-being, however, further research is required to determine how participants experience the course process in relation to their sleep. Keywords: Insomnia, CBT-I, MBSR. *EMPIRICAL PAPER* Abstract: There is an urgent need to improve the availability and acceptability of interventions for insomnia. Low-levels of help-seeking and high levels of functional impairment are often characteristic of individuals with unremitting complaints. Ambivalence about the significance of insomnia and/or a helpless resignation can be further compounded by lack of available treatments and socio-cultural attitudes towards sleep. Insomnia is often complicated with coexisting mental and physical health problems, a syndromal presentation. Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that eight-week, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programmes may offer a holistic intervention to relieve emotional disturbance that may underlie the complaint. This research sought to understand the experience of MBSR for individuals in the community with persistent insomnia, to gain insight into its acceptability. Methods: Holloway and Jefferson’s psychosocial method was used which posits the ‘defended subject’ as key to data construction and analysis (2013). Defences, free associations, researcher-interviewee dynamic, textual information, cultural and sociological knowledge all contributed to an understanding of the ‘whole’ of the experience of interviewees as communicated within Free Association Narrative Interviewing. Results: Results indicate that for highly defended individuals with insomnia, MBSR can be a challenging intervention to engage with and to embody. Barriers to acceptability included: limited insight into emotional distress, (unconscious) relational secondary gains to insomnia, limited understanding of sleep as a physiological process, restricted understanding or misconceptions about mindfulness prior to participation, resistance to acknowledging insomnia MBSR AND INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS 66 as a mental health complaint and practical issues of delivery. Researcher-interviewee dynamics suggested significant unmet relational needs of many interviewees. An exceptional case was discussed where relational distress was not understood to underlie insomnia and where significant benefits to sleep were reported from MBSR. Conclusion: The methodology enabled novel insights into the challenges for highly defended individuals with complex insomnia for accessing MBSR. By contrast, it is possible that for less complex but acute and recurrent insomnia, MBSR is more readily acceptable. Study limitations, future research needs and recommendations for improving the acceptability of MBSR for complex cases of insomnia are discussed.

The problem of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a stress-reduction training program for women. The purposes were (1) to compare the training program with a group counseling program, (2) to determine the effect of the selected personality characteristics of field dependence, perceived anxiety, and anxiety proneness on perceived stress, and (3) to provide counselors with information concerning the reduction of stress in women.

Thesis advisor: Joyce Pulcini / This randomized intervention study examined the efficacy and feasibility of a stress reduction program using mindful movement to decrease levels of perceived stress, facilitate coping, enhance self-esteem, and self-regulation in school-age girls. School-age children experience stressors with serious sequelae and need to respond with multiple coping strategies. Girls use maladaptive coping strategies and report lower self-esteem. Evidence-based interventions for stress management in children are scant, contributing to missed opportunities for preventing illness and promoting health. Mindfulness-based stress reduction is a training program of awareness-based practices, including yoga, which was adapted to the development of school-age girls. The questions included: (1) To what extent do school-age girls who participate in an eight week mindful movement intervention report significantly different levels of perceived stress, effectiveness and number of coping strategies, levels of self-esteem, and self-regulation than girls in a wait-list control group? (2) To what extent is the dose of mindful movement inversely correlated with perceived stress and positively correlated with effectiveness and number of coping strategies, self-esteem, and self-regulation? A sample of fourth and fifth grade girls was recruited from two public schools randomized as intervention and wait-list control. The intervention group met one hour a week for eight weeks and completed ten minutes of daily homework. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance with an intention to treat analysis (n=155) was used. No differences between groups were found. Both groups reported increased self-esteem and self-regulation over time. Compared to the control group, the intervention group was more likely to increase their frequency of coping (p< .05). The amount of home yoga practice predicted an increase in stress scores. Supplemental analyses found the intervention group was more likely to report increasing stress appraisals (p<.01). Coping frequency and stress appraisal scores were not correlated at Time 1 in the intervention group, but were positively correlated at Time 2. The intervention group may have become more aware of feelings associated with stress and generated coping, or may have experienced increasing stress as part of mindfulness training. School-based mindfulness interventions are feasible and may be coordinated by school nurses, but require more investigation. Limitations, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on flow state and self-compassion in musicians while practicing. Specifically, the following research questions were addressed: (1) What effects, if any, will MBSR have on musicians' flow state and self-compassion during individual practice? and (2) What is the relationship between the constructs of flow and self-compassion? A two-group pre-test/post-test experimental design was used to address these research questions. Participants (N = 63) included students enrolled in an ensemble at a large comprehensive university in the Pacific Northwest. Results from a repeated measure ANOVA found non-significant changes in flow and self-compassion. Additionally, analysis from a Pearson’s Correlation found non-significant correlations between flow and self-compassion. Further implications from this study have the potential to aid music teachers with a better understanding of some methods and techniques to help students improve their focus and attention while playing music.

At least one in five Canadians lives with chronic pain, and the prevalence rate is rising. Chronic pain can be a result of injury, disease, surgery, and in some cases, the cause remains unknown. Due to the complexity and variability in the etiology and presentation of chronic pain, it can often be a challenge to implement an appropriate and effective treatment plan. Often, the effects of chronic pain are so debilitating that relief is only available temporarily with pain medication. However, there is the concern and possibility of addiction, health issues, and even increased risk of death with some medicinal interventions. Living with chronic pain can have widespread ramifications, affecting more than just the physical body. This includes psychological, emotional, interpersonal, and vocational challenges. In essence, all aspects of one’s quality of life can be affected by chronic pain. As chronic pain often persists over many years or even the lifetime, it is important to better understand how one might adapt to living with chronic pain. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a structured 8-week program that is commonly used as an intervention for people living with chronic pain, as several research studies have shown promising effects on pain outcomes and quality of life. Using hermeneutic phenomenology, the purpose of this study is to learn about the lived experiences of participating in an 8-week MBSR program from those living with chronic pain. Particularly, it explores how, if at all, an MBSR program may play a role in the participants’ adaptation to living with chronic pain. In depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 participants at the end of the MBSR program. They were then analyzed, interpreted and checked by the researcher. The interpretative analysis involved the researcher explicitly detailing their own positioning in order to inform the interpretations and allow for a well-informed continued interpretation and understanding from readers. Overall, participants described several key aspects which may shed light into the benefits that MBSR can have in regards to adaptation to chronic pain as delineated by the following categories: physical pain and pain management, self-perception and identity, relationship dynamics, and emotional equilibrium. Lastly, broader themes included: being heard and understood, letting go and being here, the healing perspective, and moving from surviving to living. The results of this study speaks to the experience of living with chronic pain, and how an MBSR program offers the tools to help facilitate the adaptation process to living with chronic pain, thereby improving quality of life.

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