The objective of this study was to examine the combined moderating effects of life stress and loneliness on the association between social problem solving ability (SPS) and suicidal behaviors. We assessed SPS, suicidal behavior, loneliness, and stressful life events in a sample of 385 ethnically diverse college students. Overall, only loneliness moderated the association between SPS and suicidal behaviors. Across ethnic groups, loneliness moderated the association between SPS and suicidal behavior for Blacks, Whites, and Asians; life stress was a moderator for Hispanics. For most individuals, loneliness increases the strength of the association between poor problem-solving and suicidal behaviors. For Hispanics, life stress exacerbates this relationship. Ethnically-specific prevention strategies targeting loneliness and life stress may promote effective problem-solving, reducing suicide risk.

Suicidal Behavior in the U.S. Army is a problem that persists despite significant efforts to promote help-seeking behaviors and the investment of millions of dollars to develop resilience-building interventions. Evidence-based literature supports the use of reasons for living as a protective factor against suicidal behavior in clinical and nonclinical samples, yet it has rarely been studied in an active duty (AD) Army population. This study examined the relationship between self-reported reasons for living and self-reported suicidal behavior, to determine if high levels of reasons for living correlated with low risk of suicidal behavior, over and above demographics, depression, stressful life events, and social support, using standardized questionnaires. The study sample consisted of 244 AD Army soldiers attending the Warrior Leadership Course in Germany. The results analysis showed that reasons for living were inversely related to suicidal behavior among this sample. Although African American soldiers scored higher on measures of reasons for living and suicidal behavior, demographic variables did not significantly predict suicidal behavior. Reasons for living accounted for a unique amount of variance in suicidal behavior; however, depression, stressful life events, and social support were better predictors. This study demonstrates the benefits of incorporating reasons for living in military research and practice, as efforts are made to identify AD Army personnel at risk for suicide. The study findings also support the claim that examining protective and risk factors supersedes efforts to study risk factors alone. It promotes positive social change by informing efforts to develop comprehensive suicide prevention policies, programs, and procedures aimed at effectively reducing the rate of suicide in the U.S. Army.

Šiame darbe buvo aptartas menkavertiškumo jausmas, jo kompensavimas bei svarba pedagoginiame kontekste. Taip pat aptartas pasitenkinimas darbu, pristatyti jį įtakojantys veiksniai bei pagrindinės teorijos. Darbe pristatyta streso samprata, pedagogų stresogeniniai įvykiai bei pagrindiniai modeliai. Be to pateiktas pedagoginio darbo specifiškumas, pedagogo darbo stiliaus samprata bei sąveikos su mokiniu ypatumai. Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas yra atskleisti pedagogų lyginamojo menkavertiškumo jausmo svarbą pasitenkinimui darbu, stresogeninių įvykių patyrimui bei klasės valdymo stiliui remiantis individualiosios psichologijos principais. Atliktas tyrimas, kurio metu ištirta 103 pedagogai ( amžiaus vidurkis 43m., pedagoginio darbo stažo vidurkis 20m.). Iš jų 8 vyrai bei 94 moterys. Atlikus duomenų analizę paaiškėjo, jog pedagogų tarpe yra stebimas vidutinis arba žemas menkavertiškumo lygmuo. Tačiau pedagogų menkavertiškumo jausmas n��ra susijęs nei su amžiumi nei su jų pedagoginio darbo stažu. Taip pat pastebėta, jog menkavertiškumo jausmas demografinių rodiklių tokių kaip gimimo eiliškumas yra universalus, tai yra būdingas visoms grupėms. Pedagogų pasitenkinimas darbu nustatytas pakankamai aukštas bei pastebėta, jog pedagogai iki 12 metų augę kartu su abiem tėvais linkę jausti didesnį pasitenkinimą darbu. Taip pat nustatyta, jog pedagogai savo darbe patiria vidutinę stresogeninių įvykių įtampą, tačiau su demografiniais rodikliais sąsajų nepastebėta. Dominuojantis pedagogų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There was analyzed inferiority feeling and it‘s compensation. Also there was a discussion about teacher‘s work satisfaction, it‘s elements and the main theories. Furthermore there was aded the conception of stress, teacher‘s stressful events and teacher‘s stress models either teacher‘s work realities, classrom management styles and teacher-child interaction were aded as well. The purpose of this work is to disclose the importance of teacher‘s inferiority feeling for their work satisfaction, intensity of stressful life events and classroom management style in the frame of individual psychology. Respondents were 103 teachers with 43 years average of age and 20 years of work experience. The sex distrubution was 8 males and 94 females. Results have shown that there is observable feeling of inferiority among teachers. However any correlations between inferiority feeling, age and work experience have been observed. There was noticed that inferiority feeling is universal with regard to demographic variables that is typical for all groups. Also results have shown that teachers are satisfied with their work and also teachers who have been living with their both parents till age of 12 are more satisfied with their work. Furthemore was noticed that intensity of teacher‘s stressfull events are at medium level. Classroom management style Understading is dominant among teachers. Whereas any differences in using classroom management styles with regard to demographic variables and... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovane Balbe.pdf: 578248 bytes, checksum: 88c31f5c46a4e2e6d3ee16d12cb99512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with levels of resilience among older practitioners and non-exercising. The study was a cross-sectional and descriptive. Study participants were selected on a non-probabilistic intentional, totaling 164 elderly 60 to 90 years (= 69.46, SD = 6.44 years) were enrolled in five health centers in Florianópolis, covered by the program Active Floripa - stage B, 85-exercising (GP) of their program and 79 non-exercising (GNP), or any other formal activities in groups. To collect data we used the following instruments: a) diagnostic information sheet relating to sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions, b) Resilience Scale, c) inventory of stressful life events for older people d) questions about happiness and humor derived from the scale of perceived stress, e) Scale of self-esteem. The data were processed and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. To identify factors associated with resilience levels and stressful events, we adopted the logistic regression analysis and multiple linear. It was adopted in the analysis, the range of 95%. The results showed similar levels of resilience among the groups surveyed. With regard to sociodemographic characteristics, elderly women with low educational level of the GP (complete) showed lower resilience compared to elderly women with secondary education. Regarding the psychological aspects, the participants who claimed to feel happy and good-humored showed higher levels of resiliency. The resilience was also associated with perceived intensity of stressful events and self-esteem in both groups. Furthermore, resilience was associated with drug use and the GP, religion and perception of health status in GNP. We conclude that elderly women engaged in physical exercise tend to have greater resilience, and this is associated with improved mood and perception of health, higher self-esteem, happiness and education, lower consumption of medication and perceived intensity of stressful events. These are fundamental factors that can help the elderly cope more positively in stressful situations. / Este estudo teve como objetivo geral, analisar os fatores associados aos níveis de resiliência entre idosas praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico. O estudo foi do tipo transversal e descritivo. As participantes do estudo foram selecionadas de forma não probabilística e intencional, totalizando 164 idosas entre 60 a 90 anos ( = 69,46; DP= 6,44 anos), cadastradas em cinco Centros de Saúde do município de Florianópolis, de abrangência do programa Floripa Ativa - fase B, sendo 85 praticantes de exercício físico (GP) do respectivo programa e 79 não praticantes de exercício físico (GNP), nem de outras atividades formais em grupo. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: a) Ficha diagnóstica referente às características sociodemográficas e das condições de saúde; b) Escala de Resiliência; c) Inventário de eventos estressantes para idosos; d) Perguntas quanto a felicidade e humor oriundas da Escala de estresse percebido; e) Escala de autoestima. Os dados foram tratados e analisados mediantes estatística descritiva e inferencial. A fim de identificar os fatores associados aos níveis de resiliência e aos eventos estressantes, adotou-se a análise de regressão logística e linear múltipla. Adotou-se nas análises, o intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados demonstraram semelhança nos níveis de resiliência entre os grupos pesquisados. Quanto às características sociodemográficas, as idosas do GP com baixa escolaridade (fundamental completo) apresentaram menor resiliência comparadas às idosas com ensino médio completo. Em relação aos aspectos psicológicos, as participantes que alegaram sentir-se felizes e bem humoradas apresentaram níveis superiores de resiliência. A resiliência também foi associada a intensidade percebida dos eventos estressantes e a autoestima em ambos os grupos. Além disso, a resiliência foi associada ao consumo de medicamentos no GP e, a religião e a percepção do estado de saúde no GNP. Conclui-se que idosas praticantes de exercício físico tendem a apresentar maior resiliência e, esta está associada ao melhor humor e percepção de saúde, a maior autoestima, felicidade e escolaridade, menor consumo de medicamentos e intensidade percebida de eventos estressantes. Estes são fatores fundamentais que podem auxiliar a pessoa idosa a lidar de maneira mais positiva em situações estressantes.

Ce travail de recherche examine les conditions d’efficacité de procédures ajustées de modélisation pour l’apprentissage d’habiletés gymniques, et en particulier des « coping models ». Il mesure les effets de différents types de démonstration sur le processus d’acquisition et les réponses psychologiques de débutantes en gymnastique. Le cadre théorique-support concerne la psychologie sociale du développement et des acquisitions. Notre démarche empirique convoque un contexte virtuel (première étude) et un contexte plus naturel et écologique, faisant intervenir des modèles vivants (les deuxième et troisième expérimentations). Les résultats mettent en évidence la supériorité des guidages ajustés, tant sur l’amélioration motrice que les états psychologiques conditionnant l’apprentissage. Les données recueillies à l’issue des trois expériences montrent que les « coping models » seraient particulièrement efficaces dans le cas où la tâche est anxiogène et acrobatique. Les modèles « Imitation Modélisation Interactive » offrent des bénéfices très intéressants dans les situations d’acquisition de tâches non-anxiogènes. De manière sous-jacente, les protocoles soulignent la nécessité et la pertinence de dispositifs de formation au modeling en contexte scolaire. / The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of various forms of modeling, and particularly coping models. This work assesses the effects of different types of demonstrations on the learning process and psychological responses. The theoretical framework is social psychology of development and learning. Our empirical intervention considers both a virtual context (1st study) and a context more ecological, using peer live models (2nd and 3rd studies). Results emphasize the superiority of adjusted and progressive demonstrations, both for motor learning and for psychological states influencing performance. Coping models show particular effectiveness when the task to be learned is stressful. Interactive models are really helpful for the gymnic skill towards which learners don’t feel anxious. Data collected also suggest the necessity and benefits of training programs for models.

Suicidal Behavior in the U.S. Army is a problem that persists despite significant efforts to promote help-seeking behaviors and the investment of millions of dollars to develop resilience-building interventions. Evidence-based literature supports the use of reasons for living as a protective factor against suicidal behavior in clinical and nonclinical samples, yet it has rarely been studied in an active duty (AD) Army population. This study examined the relationship between self-reported reasons for living and self-reported suicidal behavior, to determine if high levels of reasons for living correlated with low risk of suicidal behavior, over and above demographics, depression, stressful life events, and social support, using standardized questionnaires. The study sample consisted of 244 AD Army soldiers attending the Warrior Leadership Course in Germany. The results analysis showed that reasons for living were inversely related to suicidal behavior among this sample. Although African American soldiers scored higher on measures of reasons for living and suicidal behavior, demographic variables did not significantly predict suicidal behavior. Reasons for living accounted for a unique amount of variance in suicidal behavior; however, depression, stressful life events, and social support were better predictors. This study demonstrates the benefits of incorporating reasons for living in military research and practice, as efforts are made to identify AD Army personnel at risk for suicide. The study findings also support the claim that examining protective and risk factors supersedes efforts to study risk factors alone. It promotes positive social change by informing efforts to develop comprehensive suicide prevention policies, programs, and procedures aimed at effectively reducing the rate of suicide in the U.S. Army.

The diploma thesis addresses the Possibilities of stress minimazition for pupils at the lower secondary school with regard to pupils with special educational needs during distance education. It designs the tools and strategies that a regular city school can provide students with coping with stress and stressful situations in the ongoing distance education. The theoretical part defines the main concept associated with stress, stressors and strategies used in coping with stress and the concept of distance education. The practical part finds out what possibilities a regular city school has in reducing stress for pupils in the lower secondary school, including pupils with special educational needs in distance education based on the finding of the main stressors and strategies the pupils use to cope with stress and support. The method of the research survey is conducted in the form of structural interview. Based on the obtained research data it was found out which, in the opinion of pupils, are the main stressors in distance education and what strategies pupils use for processing workload and stress, including pupils with special educational needs. From this information it is possible to design certain methods and procedures that define possibilities of minimizing stress for a given school. Key words...

Psychological stress is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. While the relevance of early life stress, such as that which is due to child maltreatment (CM), is well known to impact individual stress responses in the long-term, and data on the interplay between CM and stressful events in adulthood on cardiovascular health are sparse. Here, we aimed to assess how stressful life events in adulthood are associated with cardiovascular health infarction in later life and whether this association is independent of CM. In a cross-sectional design, a probability sample of the German population above the age of 14 was drawn using different sampling steps. The final sample included 2510 persons (53.3% women, mean age: 48.4 years). Participants were asked about sociodemographic factors, adult life events, CM, and health conditions in adulthood. Results indicate that the number of experienced adverse life events in adulthood is associated with significantly increased odds for obesity (Odds Ration (OR)women = 1.6 [1.3; 2.0], ORmen = 1.4 [1.1; 1.9]), diabetes (ORwomen = 1.5 [1.1; 2.1], ORmen = 1.5 [1.1; 2.3]) and myocardial infarction (ORwomen = 2.1 [1.0; 4.3], ORmen = 1.8 [1.1; 2.8]). This association is not moderated by the experience of CM, which is associated with cardiovascular problems independently. Taken together, adult stressful life events and CM are significantly and independently associated with cardiovascular health in men and women in the German population in a dose-dependent manner. General practitioners, cardiologists and health policy-makers should be aware of this association between psychosocial stressors during childhood and adulthood and cardiovascular health.

Objectif: Examiner l’association entre l'exposition aux évènements stressants de la vie et le cancer du poumon. Méthodes: Les données proviennent d’une étude cas-témoins, menée chez les hommes et les femmes vivant dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal entre 1996 et 2001. Le cancer du poumon d’un cas éligible devait être confirmé histologiquement à l’un des 18 hôpitaux de cette région. Les témoins ont été sélectionnés aléatoirement de la liste électorale du Québec et ont été appariés au cas par fréquence de groupes d'âge et par sexe. Un questionnaire a été administré en entrevue pour recueillir les données, dont l’évaluation de huit évènements stressants de la vie par le participant. Si le participant avait vécu un évènement stressant ciblé durant les six dernières années, il devait aussi coter cet évènement sur une échelle de trois points. La régression logistique non conditionnelle a été utilisée pour estimer les rapports de cotes ainsi que leurs intervalles de confiance à 95%. Des analyses par sexe, niveau de tabagisme et par type histologique ont été réalisées. Nous avons aussi analysé l’association entre le cancer du poumon et le nombre total d'évènements, les évènements de perte et les évènements socioéconomiques, ainsi que chaque évènement individuellement. Les analyses des scores d'impact autoévalués et avec un score externe de perception, ont également été menées. Résultats: La population de ce projet comprend 1061 cas et 1422 témoins, âgés de 35 à 70 ans. Les participants inclus avaient répondu aux sections du questionnaire portant sur les facteurs de style de vie et sur l'historique de tabagisme. Dans l'ensemble, nous n’avons pas observé d’association entre le cancer du poumon et l'exposition aux évènements stressants de la vie. Nous avons observé une diminution du risque pour les évènements socioéconomiques autoévalués comme peu stressants (RC=0,50; IC 95%= 0,31 - 0,81). Conclusion: Nos résultats suggèrent que les évènements socioéconomiques sont associées à un risque réduit si ces évènements sont considérés comme peu stressant. / Objective: To examine exposure to stressful life events in relation to lung cancer risk. Methods: Our research used data from a case-control study conducted in Montreal from 1996 to 2001. Cases were diagnosed with histologically confirmed incident lung cancer at one of 18 Montreal-area hospitals. Controls were randomly selected from the Quebec electoral list and frequency matched to the distribution of cases by sex and 5 year age groups. Data was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime smoking, and lifestyle factors including 8 stressful life events. Participants indicated the stressful life events they experienced over the past six years, and an appraisal of their level of stress due to each event on a three-point scale. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Each stressful life event was analyzed individually as well as in grouped variables measuring total number of events, loss events and socioeconomic events. Analyses of self-appraised impact scores were also conducted; additionally an external perceived stress score was also employed. Results: 1061 cases and 1422 population controls were included in the analyses. Overall, we observed no association between lung cancer and stressful life events. A decrease in risk for socioeconomic events self-appraised as not very stressful was observed (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31, 0.81), which included job loss, increase in debt, and move to another city. Conclusion: Our results suggest that socioeconomic events, deemed not very stressful, may reduce the risk of lung cancer.

The thesis is dedicated to the psychosocial aspects of women with breast cancer, such as stressful events, coping strategies, social support and personal and emotional factors and their possible specificity for this group of women. Aim of the theoretical part is a summary of the findings of type C personality, personality disposed to cancer and the overview of researches and particular results. The empirical part of the thesis is based on retrospective quantitative research with a focus on the number of stressful events, coping strategies, social support and features of alexithymia in women diagnosed with breast cancer (N = 70). These results were compared with a control group of women whose cancer have not been diagnosed (N = 81). The results show a significant difference in the amount of stressful events. Namely women with breast cancer have demonstrated significantly more stressful events prior to diagnosis than women without cancer. In addition, a significant difference has been found in the use of negative coping strategies which women without cancer experience using negative coping strategies more frequently than women with breast cancer. A significant difference has been found in the use of strategy "self-aggrandizement by comparison with others" which women with breast cancer use more than...