We present a multi-wavelength analysis of IRAS FSC10214+4724 from radio to X-ray wavelengths. This is a gravitationally lensed galaxy at a redshift z=2.3 (3 Gyr after the Big Bang) which hosts prodigious star formation as well as an obscured active nucleus. We derive a new lens model for the system employing a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm with extended-source, forward ray-tracing. An array of spatially resolved maps (radio, millimetre, near-infrared, optical) trace different physical components which enables a high resolution, multi-wavelength view of a high-redshift galaxy beyond the capabilities of current telescopes. The spatially-resolved molecular gas total intensity and velocity maps reveal a reasonably ordered system, however there is evidence for minor merger activity. We show evidence for an extended, low-excitation gas reservoir that either contains roughly half the total gas mass or has a different CO-to-H_2 conversion ratio. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is used to detect what we argue to be the obscured active nucleus with an effective angular resolution of <50 pc at z=2.3. The source plane inversion places the VLBI detection to within milli-arcseconds of the modeled cusp caustic, resulting in a very large magnification (mu > 70) which is over an order of magnitude larger than the derived co magnification. This implies an equivalent magnification difference between the starburst and AGN components, yielding significant distortion to the global continuum spectral energy distribution (SED). A primary result of this work is therefore the demonstration that emission regions of differing size and position within a galaxy can experience significantly different magnification factors (> 1 dex) and therefore distort our view of high-redshift, gravitationally lensed sources. This not only raises caution against unsophisticated uses of IRAS FSC10214+4724 as an archetype high-redshift Ultra-Luminous Infra-Red Galaxy (ULIRG), but also against statistical deductions based on samples of strong lenses with poorly constrained lens models and spatially-unresolved detections. Analogous to the continuum SED distortion quantified in this thesis, we predict a distortion of the CO spectral line energy distribution of IRAS FSC10214+4724 where higher order J lines, that are increasingly excited by the AGN and shock heating from the central starburst, will be preferentially lensed owing to their smaller solid angles and closer proximity to the AGN, and therefore the cusp of the caustic. This distortion is predicted to affect many high redshift lenses and will be tested most synergistically by the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) and the Atacama Large Millimetre Telescope (ALMA).

A 3D velocity model and 3D wave propagation code have been employed to simulate long-period ground motions in the upper Mississippi embayment. This region is exposed to seismic hazard in the form of large earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone and observational data are sparse, making simulation a valuable tool for predicting the effects of large events. These simulations were undertaken in order to estimate ground-motion characteristics and to investigate the influence of the 3D embayment structure and finite-fault mechanics. There are three primary fault zones in the New Madrid seismic zone, each of which was likely associated with one of the three main shocks of the 1811-1812 earthquake sequence. For this study, three simulations have been conducted on each major segment, evaluating the effects of different epicentral locations and rupture directions on ground motions. The full wave field up to a frequency of 0.5 Hz was computed on a 200 × 200 × 50 km3 volume, and up to a frequency of 1.0 Hz on a 100 × 100 × 50 km3 volume, using a staggered-grid finitedifference code. Peak horizontal velocity, bracketed durations, and pseudospectral accelerations were calculated at the free surface. Animations showing the evolution of peak horizontal velocity through time at the free surface were also generated. The New Madrid seismic zone simulations indicate that for the considered bandwidth, finite-fault mechanics such as fault proximity, directivity effect, and slip distribution exert the most control on ground motions. The 3D geologic structure of the upper Mississippi embayment also influences ground motion, with indications that the bedrock surface acts as a wave guide, trapping waves in shallow, low-velocity parts of the embayment.

Chilean dance impresario Marquis George de Cuevas was born Jorge Cuevas Bartholin (1885-1961) and is best remembered as a fashionable socialite of the 1940s and 50s who married heiress Margaret Rockefeller Strong and founded several ballet companies in Europe and America in the wake of the great Ballet Russes era. This dissertation examines how Cuevas cultivated his fictionalized public persona, an identity that is essentially queer on several levels.vCuevas participated, reflected and resisted the several labels that were imposed on him. As Spanish aristocrat, American citizen, international ballet patron, Parisian socialite, and heir to the Russian dance avant-gardes, Cuevas distanced himself from his Chilean origins. Proud of having achieved “real” success by triumphing abroad, however, Cuevas was always acutely aware of his shortcomings as a foreigner. Classed as an eccentric other, Cuevas participates in the larger discourse of cosmopolitanism, engaging with the issue of what it means to be foreign in the cities of Paris, New York and Santiago de Chile. The four chapters that comprise this dissertation explore the ways that boundaries of class, sexuality, gender, race, and citizenship are broken, or momentarily disrupted by Cuevas. I situate Cuevas’s foreign aspirations in the context of the South American obsession with Europe, and Paris in particular. I also examine how Cuevas inhabits the roles of dandy and flâneur in an attempt to fit in the modern urban context of Paris. Anxiety regarding the figure of the foreigner and social upstart is perceived in the arguable failure of Cuevas’s best-remembered social event, a grand costume ball that was to gather the most fashionable men and women of the international Café Society. Perhaps Cuevas’s most successful project was the making of his own chameleonic identity, which emerges in the letters addressed to French-Romanian author Princess Marthe Bibesco, who wrote the libretto for the ballet initially entitled The Bird Wounded by an Arrow, which also crucially establishes Cuevas’s artistic manifesto. An account of Cuevas’s life and works treads into the swampy terrain of fiction, and this dissertation offers a literary approach that considers Cuevas as a figure of legend. / text

We demonstrate experimentally that the multiphoton ionization rate in gallium arsenide depends on the alignment of the laser polarization with respect to the crystal axis. We show real-time modulation of 1900nm laser ionization rate, through viewing transmission, which mimics the symmetry of the semiconductor crystal. We propose that the modulation in the ionization rate arises because the varying reduced effective carrier mass, as predicted by Keldysh theory. We show direct comparison of the experimental transmission modulation depth with that predicted by Keldysh theory. This opens up a novel method for real-time non-invasive crystallography of crystalline materials.

The work in this thesis concerns the estimation of the electromagnetic, elastodynamic and piezoelectric properties of homogenized composite materials (HCMs). A composite may be considered homogeneous if wavelengths are suficiently large in comparison to the size of the particles of each component material. This thesis examines HCMs constructed from two component materials and several methods of estimating the HCMs constitutive properties. Firstly, the Maxwell Garnett estimates and Bergman-Milton bounds on the electromagnetic properties of HCMs are examined. While both are widely used, we re-examine them, for isotropic dielectric HCMs, in light of recent advancements in material manufacture. Secondly, we examine the strong-property-fluctuation theory (SPFT). The SPFT estimate is calculated using iterations upon an initial ansatz, these iterations being dependent on statistical cumulants of the spatial distribution of the particles of the component materials. The zeroth-order SPFT estimate is identical to the first-order and both are taken to be identical to a comparison material. For the second-order estimate a two-point correlation function along with its associated correlation length are used to characterize the component materials' particle distribution. The general framework for the elastodynamic SPFT was established in 1999 by Zhuck and Lakhtakia. Here we further develop the elastodynamic SPFT for orthotropic HCMs, in order to undertake numerical studies. We simplify certain integrals in order to make them amenable to numerical computation. Also, we establish the piezoelectric SPFT for orthorhombic mm2 materials. The general theory is developed first in a manner analogous to the elastodynamic SPFT. We then implement a two-point covariance function, perform similar integral simplifications to those done in the elastodynamic SPFT and carry out numerical experiments. From the numerical studies it is clear that, for both the elastodynamic and piezoelectric HCMs, the lowest-order SPFT estimate is similar to that provided by the corresponding Mori-Tanaka formalism. It is also apparent that the second-order SPFT estimate provides a significant correction to the lowest-order estimate, which reflects dissipative losses due to scattering.

Assuming the axiom of determinacy, we give a new proof of the strong partition relation on ω1. Further, we present a streamlined proof that J<λ+(a) (the ideal of sets which force cof Π α < λ) is generated from J<λ+(a) by adding a singleton. Combining these results with a polarized partition relation on ω1

In this paper, exhaustivity, continuity, and strong additivity are studied in the setting of topological Riesz spaces. Of particular interest is the link between strong additivity and exhaustive elements of Dedekind s-complete Banach lattices. There is a strong connection between the Diestel-Faires Theorem and the Meyer-Nieberg Lemma in this setting. Also, embedding properties of Banach lattices are linked to the notion of strong additivity. The Meyer-Nieberg Lemma is extended to the setting of topological Riesz spaces and uniform absolute continuity and uniformly exhaustive elements are studied in this setting. Counterexamples are provided to show that the Vitali-Hahn-Saks Theorem and the Brooks-Jewett Theorem cannot be extended to submeasures or to the setting of Banach lattices.

Matter near a gravitational lens galaxy or projected along the line of sight (LOS) can affect strong lensing observables by more than contemporary measurement errors. We simulate lens fields with realistic threedimensional mass configurations (self-consistently including voids), and then fit mock lensing observables with increasingly complex lens models to quantify biases and uncertainties associated with different ways of treating the lens environment (ENV) and LOS. We identify the combination of mass, projected offset, and redshift that determines the importance of a perturbing galaxy for lensing. Foreground structures have a stronger effect on the lens potential than background structures, due to nonlinear effects in the foreground and downweighting in the background. There is dramatic variation in the net strength of ENV/LOS effects across different lens fields; modeling fields individually yields stronger priors for H-0 than ray tracing through N-body simulations. Models that ignore mass outside the lens yield poor fits and biased results. Adding external shear can account for tidal stretching from galaxies at redshifts z >= z(lens), but it requires corrections for external convergence and cannot reproduce nonlinear effects from foreground galaxies. Using the tidal approximation is reasonable for most perturbers as long as nonlinear redshift effects are included. Even then, the scatter in H0 is limited by the lens profile degeneracy. Asymmetric image configurations produced by highly elliptical lens galaxies are less sensitive to the lens profile degeneracy, so they offer appealing targets for precision lensing analyses in future surveys like LSST and Euclid.

We report the serendipitous discovery of HSC J142449-005322, a double source plane lens system in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. We dub the system Eye of Horus. The lens galaxy is a very massive early-type galaxy with stellar mass of similar to 7 x 10(11) M-circle dot located at z(L) = 0.795. The system exhibits two arcs/rings with clearly different colors, including several knots. We have performed spectroscopic follow-up observations of the system with FIRE on Magellan. The outer ring is confirmed at z(S2) = 1.988 with multiple emission lines, while the inner arc and counterimage is confirmed at z(S1) = 1.302. This makes it the first double source plane system with spectroscopic redshifts of both sources. Interestingly, redshifts of two of the knots embedded in the outer ring are found to be offset by Delta z = 0.002 from the other knots, suggesting that the outer ring consists of at least two distinct components in the source plane. We perform lens modeling with two independent codes and successfully reproduce the main features of the system. However, two of the lensed sources separated by similar to 0.7 arcsec cannot be reproduced by a smooth potential, and the addition of substructure to the lens potential is required to reproduce them. Higher-resolution imaging of the system will help decipher the origin of this lensing feature and potentially detect the substructure.

Laczkovich proved from ZF that, given a countable sequence of Borel sets on a perfect Polish space, if the limit superior along every subsequence was uncountable, then there was a particular subsequence whose intersection actually contained a perfect subset. Komjath later expanded the result to hold for analytic sets. In this paper, by adding AD and sometimes V=L(R) to our assumptions, we will extend the result further. This generalization will include the increasing of the length of the sequence to certain uncountable regular cardinals as well as removing any descriptive requirements on the sets.