Ce travail de thèse porte sur deux phénomènes syntaxiques importants du chinois mandarin: la construction à copie du verbe et la construction en BA, chacun desquels pose un défi à l'approche générative de la linguistique. Nous avons proposé dans le travail une analyse par étiquetage qui permet éventuellement d'unifier les deux phénomènes qui sont à première vue très différents. Dans la partie sur le phénomène de copie du verbe, nous avons avancé l'idée que la forme de la copie du verbe est dérivée par le mouvement du VP qui fait partie d'une des stratégies grammaticales pour rendre labélisable la structure formée par la fusion entre le complément postverbal et AspP, qui est du type {XP, YP} dans les termes de Chomsky (2013). Dans la partie sur les constructions en BA, en nous basant sur l'hypothèse du mouvement, nous supposons que le mouvement du NP (le BA-NP) est pour satisfaire des exigences de sous-catégorisation de l'élément BA, que le Merge interne du NP avec le vP donne lieu à une structure nominale qui porte le label [φ], et que le rôle de BA est de fournir un label verbal à cette structure nominale sous T, qui autrement serait exclue à l'interface C-I / -résumé en anglais:The thesis mainly discusses two important syntactic phenomenons of Mandarin Chinese: verb copying constructions and BA-constructions, each of which presents a challenge to the generative approach of linguistics. I provided in the thesis a labeling analysis that allows to unify the two phenomena which are very different en the surface. In the part of verb copying constructions, I put forward the idea that the verb copying form is derived by VP movement, one of the grammatical strategies to provide a label to the unlabelable structure formed by the internal Merge between the postverbal complement and AspP, resulting in a {XP, YP} structure in the terms of Chomsky (2013). In the part of BA-construction, based on the movement hypothesis, I proposed that the movement of NP (the BA-NP) is to satisfy the subcategorization requirement of BA, and the internal Merge between the NP and the vP gives rise to a nominal structure labeled [φ], and we argue further that the role of BA is to provide a verbal label to the nominal structure under T, which otherwise, would be ruled out at the CI interface

Le niobate de lithium LiNbO3 (LN) est un excellent matériau pour diverses applications en raison de ses propriétés photoréfractives (PR). Un des enjeux de recherche de ce matériau consiste à réaliser des guides optiques PR performants pour l'optique intégrée. L'objectif de la thèse consiste à déterminer les conditions optimales de réalisation de la diffusion du fer (Fe) dans le LN, par le contrôle de sa microstructure et l'estimation de ses propriétés PR par une seule et même technique, la spectroscopie Raman.Plusieurs échantillons LN:Fe ont été étudiés lors de ce travail. Il s'agit entre autres de contrôler le profil de diffusion du fer, et d'estimer l'influence du traitement oxydant ou réducteur sur les différents cristaux.En effet j'ai pu montrer que la microstructure était modifiée non seulement par l'introduction d'un dopant comme Fe, mais aussi par les divers traitements. J'ai aussi mis en évidence pour la première fois le mécanisme de l'incorporation des ions Fe dans des structures de LN obtenues par diffusion.Par ailleurs, j'ai proposé une nouvelle approche des règles d'activité Raman, qui ainsi peuvent prendre en compte des non linéarités optiques du second ordre, ce qui est en général négligé dans la littérature. J'ai ainsi établi les configurations Raman dans lesquelles, soit les intensités de raies sont amplifiées, soit de nouvelles raies sont activées par un processus non linéaire. Ces prédictions ont été confirmées par des résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur plusieurs échantillons. Enfin, j'ai pu proposer une nouvelle méthode d'estimation de l'efficacité PR permettant de comparer utilement divers échantillons selon leur dopage ou traitement. / Lithium niobate LiNbO3 (LN) is an excellent material for various applications in particular thanks to its photorefractive (PR) properties. One of the research goals for this material consists in performing efficient PR optical waveguides for integrated optics.The objective of the thesis is to determine the optimum performing conditions for the iron (Fe) diffusion in LN, by controling its microstructure and estimating its PR properties with only one technique, Raman spectroscopy.Several LN:Fe samples have been studied within this work. The aim is, among others, to control the iron diffusion profile, and to estimate the influence of the oxidizing or reducing treatment on the different crystals.Indeed I was able to show that the microstructure has been affected not only by the introduction of a dopant as Fe, but also by the various treatments. I showed for the first time the mecanism of Fe ions incorporation in LN structures obtained by diffusion.Otherwise, I proposed a new approach of the Raman activity rules, in the way they can take into account optical nonlinearities of the second order, which is generally neglected in litterature. Thus I have established the Raman configurations where, or the intensities of the lines are enhanced, or new lines are activated by a nonlinear process. These predictions have been confirmed by experimental results obtained on many samples. At last, I was able to propose a new method for the estimation of the PR efficiency, allowing to compare usefully several samples according to their doping or treatments.

No description available.

Precision cosmology challenges many aspects of fundamental physics. In particular, quasar absorption lines test the assumed constancy of fundamental constants over cosmological time-scales and distances. Until recently, the most reliable technique was the alkali doublet (AD) method where the measured doublet separation probes variations in the fine-structure constant, ???? e2/??c. However, the recently introduced many-multiplet (MM) method provides several advantages, including a demonstrated ???10-fold precision gain. This thesis presents detailed MM analyses of 3 independent Keck/HIRES samples containing 128 absorption systems with 0.2 &gt zabs &gt 3.7. We find 5.6 ?? statistical evidence for a smaller ?? in the absorption clouds: ????/?? = (-0.574 ?? 0.102) x 10-5. All three samples separately yield consistent, significant ????/??. The data marginally prefer constant d??/dt rather than constant ????/??. The two-point correlation function for ?? and the angular distribution of ????/?? give no evidence for spatial variations. We also analyse 21 Keck/HIRES Si iv doublets, obtaining a 3-fold relative precision gain over previous AD studies: ????/?? = (-0.5 ?? 1.3) x 10-5 for 2.0 &gt zabs &gt 3.1. Our statistical evidence for varying ?? requires careful consideration of systematic errors. Modelling demonstrates that atmospheric dispersion is potentially important. However, the quasar spectra suggest a negligible effect on ????/??. Cosmological variation in Mg isotopic abundances may affect ????/?? at zabs &gt 1.8. Galactic observations and theory suggest diminished 25;26Mg abundances in the low metallicity quasar absorbers. Removing 25;26Mg isotopes yields more negative ????/?? values. Overall, known systematic errors can not explain our results. We also constrain variations in y ?? ?? 2gp, comparing H i 21-cm and millimetrewave molecular absorption in 2 systems. Fitting both the H i and molecular lines yields the tightest, most reliable current constraints: ??y/y = (-0.20??0.44)x10-5 and (-0.16??0.54)x10-5 at zabs = 0.2467 and 0.6847 respectively. Possible line-ofsight velocity differences between the H i and molecular absorbing regions dominate these 1 ?? errors. A larger sample of mm/H i comparisons is required to reliably quantify this uncertainty and provide a potentially crucial check on the MM result.

Measurements were made of the rate of magnetization, and the magnetization of the series of Dy (Co, Ni)2 compounds to investigate the intrinsic magnetic after effect. This effect is demonstrated by the existence of an intrinsic coercivity such that a critical value of applied field, Hc, must be reached before the domain walls can move freely through the material. However there is some movement of domain walls of fields below Hc, and this gives rise to time dependent magnetization. The mechanisms by which the domain walls overcome the energy barrier to their motion at fields below Hc was investigated in pulsed field, and in steady fields. After measuring the critical field and magnetic moments of each sample, the pulsed field magnetometer results were analysed to show that there is a certain temperature above which the mechanism for domain wall motion appears to be that described by Taylor???s thermal activation model. Below that particular temperature, the magnetization rate depends on the reciprocal of the applied field, and an empirical model is suggested. Estimates are made of the number of spines contained in the average wall kink; the wall jump frequency and the energy barrier. A vibrating sample magnetometer was used to study the magnetization of the specimens in steady fields. The results indicate that both the mechanisms described above are in operation, with thermal activation being a possibility at temperatures as low as 4.2K.

No description available.

<p><strong>Problem</strong> : How does Japanese company coordinate with its subsidiaries in Thai and Chinese markets?</p><p><strong>Purpose</strong> :  To describe organization structure of Japanese company as well as compare how headquarters coordinates with its subsidiaries in Thai and Chinese markets. Also, this thesis will give benefits for the academics and managers of other multinational corporations.</p><p><strong>Method</strong> :  Qualitative approach and comparative design are implemented in this thesis meanwhile secondary data from internet, documentary research  and primary data from semi-structured interview through telephone & email are used for collecting information. More importantly, Tokai Carbon is chosen as a case study to understand organization structure and its coordination between Japanese company and Thai & Chinese subsidiaries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong> : The organization structure and coordination should  be concerned in multinational corporations. Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. as a multinational Japanese company who runs business and establishes various subsidiaries in worldwide mostly centralizes power to headquarters. Also, Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. applied means of formal and informal coordination in order to cooperate between Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. (headquarters) and Thai Tokai Carbon Product Co., Ltd (Thai subsidiaries) & Tokai Carbon Tianjin Co., Ltd. (Chinese subsidiaries). With respect to formal and informal mechanisms, these two mechanisms are similarly implemented in collaboration between headquarters and Thai & Chinese subsidiaries. Nonetheless, there are a few differences on informal tools in form of lateral relations and socialization.</p>

Four-stranded DNA junctions (also known as Holliday junctions) are structural intermediates involved in a growing number of biological processes including DNA repair, genetic recombination, and viral integration. Although previous studies have focused on understanding the conformational variability and sequence-dependent formation of Holliday junctions in solution there have been relatively few insights into junction structure at the atomic level. Recent crystallographic studies have demonstrated that the more compact stacked-X junction form has an antiparallel alignment of DNA strands and standard Watson-Crick base pairs across the central crossover region. Junction formation within this crystallographic system was seen to be dependent on a common trinucleotide sequence motif ("ACC-triplet" at the 6th, 7th and 8th positions of the decanucleotide sequence d(CCnnnN₆N₇N₈GG)) containing a series of stabilizing direct and solvent-mediated hydrogen bonding interactions. This thesis addresses questions concerning the nucleotide sequence-dependent formation and conformational variability of DNA Holliday junctions as determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. We have used the modified bases 2,6-diaminopurine and inosine to demonstrate that minor groove interactions adjacent to the trinucleotide junction core are not major contributors to overall conformation. In addition, incorporation of guanine into the sixth position of this core does not have a significant effect on junction geometry. Meanwhile, incorporation of 5-bromouracil into the eighth position perturbs the geometry in terms of the interduplex angle as well as the defined conformational variables, J[subscript roll] and J[subscript slide]. These novel junction structures demonstrate that the nucleotide sequence within the central core generates a position specific relationship between molecular interactions at the junction crossover and overall structural geometry. A systematic crystallographic screen of the trinucleotide core region is presented here as an unbiased, comprehensive, search for sequences that stabilize junctions. As the result of this screen, we can extend the core sequence motif to 'N₆Y₇C₈' where N₆ is an adenine, guanine, or cytosine nucleotide and Y₇ is either a cytosine or thymine (if N₆ = adenine) nucleotide. Using these novel junction structures, we demonstrate that base sequence within the central core has a significant effect on the overall geometry of the junction. Thus, this central region of the structure may serve as a linchpin for determining the local and global conformation and overall variability of the four-stranded DNA Holliday junction. These observations raise some interesting questions regarding the importance of this core region in biological processes such as genetic recombination. / Graduation date: 2005

DNA methylation is common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and has been implicated in various biological roles including gene silencing, X-chromosome inactivation, and genomic imprinting. 5-methylcytosine the "fifth base" of the genetic code comprises 1-3% of the human genome and is primarily found on cytosines within the context of the CpG sequence. Although progress has been made in understanding the biological roles of 5-methylcytosine, we are only beginning to uncover how it changes the local structure and global conformation of DNA. This thesis deals with the local perturbations in structure and hydration and the global conformational changes induced by the presence of 5-methylcytosine in DNA as determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. 5-methylcytosine induces a novel conformation in the structure of duplex DNA. This conformation has characteristics of both the A-DNA and B-DNA conformations as well as some unique defining characteristics. This distinct duplex provides a structural rationale for the increased rate of deamination in 5-methylcytosine relative to cytosine. In addition to this novel conformation, 5-methylcytosine stabilizes intermediates within the B-DNA to A-DNA transition pathway, thus providing a crystallographic map of the transition from B-DNA to A-DNA. 5-methylcytosine was also used as a tool to probe the stabilizing features of the DNA four-way junction (known as the Holliday junction). The first crystal structures of Holliday junctions were found serendipitously while studying duplex DNA. The DNA four-way junction formation in these crystals was thought to be stabilized by a network of sequence dependent hydrogen bonds at the junction crossover. In this thesis, 5-methylcytosine was used to perturb these hydrogen bonds; however, the junction persisted, suggesting that there is flexibility in the types of sequences that can accommodate junction formation in the crystal, as well as, flexibility in the global structure of the junction. Overall, this work describes the effects of 5-methylcytosine on the local and global structure and hydration of DNA structure, as well as raising some interesting questions regarding the biological impact of methylation induced DNA structure. / Graduation date: 2002

Immersion energies of atoms in a jellium environment were calculated using density functional theory and the Kohn-Sham (KS) equations. It was found that the KS scheme does not destroy an existing axial symmetry of the electron structure of the impurity atom. The definition of phase shifts was extended to those problems and it was shown that they are m-dependent. A suitable cut-off for the l-values was found in the partial wave analysis of the scattered states. The Kohn-Sham equations were solved numerically on a computer. Results for H and Fe were analyzed. The results for H are in reasonable agreement with previously reported data. Differences are possibly due to a difference in the choice for the cut-off of the l-values. / Graduation date: 1999