Japan is known to be a country associated with many unique culture elements, but one often forgotten aspect is the dog care. Dog ownership has evolved into a trending lifestyle which is increasingly competing with parenthood amongst Japanese people. However, according to statistics from The Ministry of the Environment, almost 1,2 million dogs have been placed into rehoming shelters across Japan year 1974, of which 97,7 % of the animals were euthanized. Up until 2006 more than 90 % of all the to-be resheltered animals were still euthanized.     The primary purpose of this study is to access and examine the living conditions of the dogs in Japan, how the Japanese animal laws are distinguished from Swedish counterparts and what actions that have been taken by animal welfare organizations located in Japan. The question at issue is “What are the current conditions of the dogs in the Kansai and Kanto region with regards to breeding, selling and rehoming shelters (hokenjo) and how are they held up against current relevant Japanese laws?”.      The sources of information that have been used to answer the question are Swedish and Japanese laws, news articles, official websites and documents. The theoretical approach that have been used is based on linguistics and animal laws.      The yielded results shows that the formulation of the law contents is able to be interpreted according to the personal needs and economic priorities. Due to the lack of concrete formulations of laws regarding dog care, there is a risk that people who are involved can run their businesses in favor of their own likings despite that the laws are broken. This has led me to question the current written Japanese laws. After comparison between Swedish and Japanese laws, it can be stated that dogs are seen differently in Japan and in Sweden.      Animal welfare organizations are working primarily to help dogs to be resheltered, but also to be sterilized. Other priorities in the country are focused on teaching its population to care and handle dogs, and to transform the hokenjo to an equivalent of Germany’s “Tierheim” and the restricting of laws.   Keywords: Dogs, Japan, laws, living conditions, animal rights, animal welfare.

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The current study aims to investigate the way Greek immigrant couples who live in the United Kingdom and are going to have children, plan to maintain and transmit their language and culture to their future children. Furthermore, the study mainly includes the perceptions of participants about bilingualism and biculturalism. The present study investigates the importance of language and cultural maintenance since many peole migrate to a new country because of globalization. The study highlights the way participants picture themselves as parents and the practices they want to adopt in order to familiarize their children with both the native language and the societal language. The influence of culture on childrearing perspectives and plans is also discussed. Five different interviews via Skype were conducted and analyzed qualitatively with the aid of thematic analysis. The study confirms that cultural and language maintenance is essential to the participants and that they want their future children to be familiar with their country of origin. Participants are conscious about thei decision and there are also some negative aspects of their culture which they want to avoid. Traditions seem to play a major role in Greek culture; therefore maintaining most of them would enhance children's familiarization with Greece. Participants want to combine both their own culture and the host culture as well and they are planning practices to maintain the Greek language. On the whole, this study shows that bilingualism and biculturalism afeect parental practices but they could also have a positive impact on children's development.

Forskningsområdet hur myndigheter utövar ledarskap i relation till deras #metoo-inspirerade upprop är mycket begränsat. Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka hur två av Sveriges största myndigheter, Försvarsmakten och Polismyndigheten, har utövat ledarskap i samband med upprop sprungna ur egen organisation och anställda kvinnors uppfattning härom.   Denna induktiva studies teoretiska utgångspunkter utgörs av ledarskapsteorier utvecklade vid Försvarshögskolan, däribland ledarskapsmodellen, indirekt ledarskap samt studier om militära chefers containerfunktion och ”smittostudien”. Givet analys av empiriskt utfall har teoretiska utgångspunkter kompletterats med ytterligare perspektiv som tidigare studier om etiskt ledarskap och test av en ”trickle down modell” och Försvarsmaktens ledningsfilosofi. Inom ramen för studien har sjutton (17) personer deltagit från Försvarsmakten och åtta (8) från Polismyndigheten.   Studiens resultat visar att respektive myndighet har utövat ett indirekt ledarskap. I fallet Försvarsmakten erhåller myndighetsledningen fortsatt högt förtroende för ledarskapet och dess hantering i samband med upprop. Inom Polisen hyses lågt förtroende för sin myndighets ledarskap och hantering av upprop. Inom båda myndigheter är trenden att förtroendet sjunker på lägre organisatorisk nivå. I relation till teoretiska utgångspunkter visar studiens resultat på att chefers bristande förmåga till containering dvs meningskapande och meningsgivande leder till negativ smitta med följden att anställda kvinnor alltjämt hyser lågt förtroende för sin arbetsgivare att åstadkomma varaktig förändring.     Studiens bidrag till samhällsvetenskapen innefattar ny empiri, ett vidgat perspektiv för studier om ledarskap, indirekt ledarskap och identifiering av vilka krafter som inverkar vid chefers förmedling av budskap. Process, begrepp och relaterade krafter redovisas i genererad modell; budskapsmodellen.

Today, the humanitarian sector is faced with the interplay of several challenges: The world is increasingly becoming urbanized and cities are rapidly expanding into megacities and metacities. At the same time it is confronted with a heightened disaster risk that affects the urban realm in particular. This is due to rising exposure of the urban to natural hazards, which are exacerbated by climate change, coupled with vulnerabilities inherent in urban realms. Nonetheless, the humanitarian sector has been exhibiting difficulties in dealing with the complexities of urban realms. Therefore, the theoretical framework of this thesis discusses the added value of adopting a system theoretical approach to the study of urban systems for identifying what factors render an urban system resilient and which ones render it vulnerable. At which critical point can an urban system fail, resulting in a humanitarian disaster? In order to analyse what role humanitarian action can then play as system preserver, a case study was conducted on the specific case of Jakarta and its vulnerability to flooding. For this purpose ten interviews were undertaken: Seven interviews with representatives of humanitarian organisations that had notable involvement in past flood responses, one interview with the Head of Department of Disaster Prevention and Preparedness at the Jakarta Regional Disaster Management Agency and two further informal discussions with former staff. The main conclusions were that, in order to be resilient cities should exhibit properties of complex adaptive systems. The role that humanitarian organisations play in strengthening these properties in the specific case of Jakarta is, within their limitations, of crucial importance for the overall functioning of Jakarta’s flood preparedness system.

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