Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSANGELA BUJOKAS SIQUEIRA.pdf: 3926340 bytes, checksum: 1a3ab0b6ca51a4aca7f6d4e9ad4c2e92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / In Brazil, conflicts involving traditional peoples and communities date back to the period of colonization, considering the various ethnic groups and enslaved blacks. The political-economic options adopted in the development of capitalism in the country shaped, over time, a structural scenario marked by land concentration and dependence on external capital, sustaining high levels of social inequality and environmental impacts. This process also acted to annul the existence of the various peoples, their territories and traditional knowledge. The struggles for land, as an expression of the conflicts between social classes, added to the environmental agenda forged the traditional peoples and communities as one of the political subjects of the subaltern classes in the country. Articulated in social movements, these peoples place themselves in the scenario of disputes for hegemony, questioning the hegemonic model of capital. In line with the national context, in 2008, in Paraná, the Puxirão Network of Traditional Peoples and Communities was founded, a collective that brings together a diversity of ethnic social groups and a struggle for recognition, rights and public policies. With this, the general objective of this thesis is: to analyze the Puxirão Network of Traditional Peoples and Communities as a possibility of dispute of political hegemony in the relations with the State in Paraná, between 2007 and 2015. The following questions are encouraged by the Rede Puxirão de Are Traditional Peoples and Communities a social movement? Does this collective have a socio-political project? If yes, how did the construction of the same? 3. Will the Puxirão Network have the strength to compete for political hegemony in Paraná? The study, with an interdisciplinary nature, has a qualitative nature, counted on bibliographical and documentary researches, with systematic observation of semi-structured meetings and interviews (with representatives of the Network and state agents). The data were interpreted from the thematic content analysis. The thesis is organized in four chapters, the first two construct the conceptual framework of analysis, based on the Gramscian perspective, and present theoretical categories such as hegemony / against hegemony, state and civil society, class struggles, subaltern classes, social movements. The Brazilian scenario and the territorial disputes involving the fighting classes are also discussed in these chapters. The last two are in the empirical universe, through the experience of this Network and its relationship with the State. Data were interpreted through the following thematic categories of analysis - Weaving the Network: articulation of subaltern ethnic social groups in Paraná; In the "fight" we learn: a new look at the situation of subalternity experienced by ethnic social groups in Paraná; The "life" project and the "death" project: elements for the construction of a socio-political project against hegemonic; Relation with the State: some progress and much difficulty. In summary, the results of the research demonstrate that the Puxirão Network has contributed to the traditional peoples of Paraná being placed in an anti-hegemonic way in the field of political disputes, but today's conjuncture demands that their forms of mobilization be reinvented, strengthening their bases in society Occupy positions at the state level. / No Brasil, os conflitos envolvendo os povos e comunidades tradicionais datam do período da colonização, considerando as diversas etnias indígenas e os negros escravizados. As opções político-econômicas adotadas no desenvolvimento do capitalismo no país configuraram, ao longo do tempo, um cenário estrutural marcado pela concentração fundiária e dependência do capital externo, sustentando altos índices de desigualdade social e impactos ambientais. Esse processo agiu também para anular a existência dos diversos povos, de seus territórios e saberes tradicionais. As lutas pela terra, como uma expressão dos conflitos entre as classes sociais, somadas a pauta ambiental forjaram os povos e comunidades tradicionais como mais um dos sujeitos políticos das classes subalternas no país. Articulados em movimentos sociais, estes povos se colocam no cenário das disputas por hegemonia, questionando o modelo hegemônico do capital. Em consonância com a conjuntura nacional, em 2008, no Paraná, foi fundada a Rede Puxirão de Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais, coletivo que agrega uma diversidade de grupos sociais étnicos e luta por reconhecimento, direitos e políticas públicas. Com isso, o objetivo geral desta tese é: analisar a Rede Puxirão de Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais como possibilidade de disputa de hegemonia política nas relações com o Estado no Paraná, entre 2007 – 2015. Animam a pesquisa as seguintes questões: A Rede Puxirão de Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais constitui-se como movimento social? Este coletivo tem projeto sociopolítico? Se sim, como se deu a construção do mesmo? 3. A Rede Puxirão tem força para disputar hegemonia política no Paraná? O estudo, de caráter interdisciplinar, possui natureza qualitativa, contou com as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, com observação sistemática de reuniões e entrevistas semiestruturadas (com representantes da Rede e de agentes estatais). Os dados foram interpretados a partir da análise de conteúdo temática. A tese está organizada em quatro capítulos, os dois primeiros constroem o arcabouço conceitual de análise, fundamentado na perspectiva gramsciana, e apresentam categorias teóricas como hegemonia/contra hegemonia, Estado e sociedade civil, lutas de classes, classes subalternas, movimentos sociais. O cenário brasileiro e as disputas territoriais envolvendo as classes em luta também são discutidos nestes capítulos. Já os dois últimos se detêm no universo empírico, através da experiência desta Rede e de sua relação com o Estado. Os dados foram interpretados através das seguintes categorias temáticas de análise – Tecendo a Rede: articulação dos grupos sociais étnicos subalternos no Paraná; Na “peleia” a gente aprende: um novo olhar para a situação de subalternidade vivenciada pelos grupos sociais étnicos no Paraná; O projeto de “vida” e o projeto de “morte”: elementos para a construção de um projeto sociopolítico contra hegemônico; Relação com o Estado: alguns avanços e muita dificuldade. Em síntese, os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que a Rede Puxirão tem contribuído para que os povos tradicionais do Paraná se coloquem de forma contra hegemônica no campo das disputas políticas, mas atual conjuntura exige que suas formas de mobilização sejam reinventadas, fortalecendo suas bases na sociedade civil e ocupando posições no âmbito estatal.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier le style indirect libre dans l’œuvre de Pier Paolo Pasolini à travers un axe de recherche qui peut, schématiquement, se rattacher à deux champs: le champs poétique, concernant l'activité littéraire et cinématographique de l'auteur et le champs théorique, où le problème de la forme esthétique devient l'occasion pour l'étude des principes linguistiques etsémiotiques qui en permettent la réalisation. Ce double parcours s'articule à son tour en quatre phases de développement: la phase de la « régression » théorisée dans les années quarante pour expliquer divers processus relatifs à l’emploi du dialecte en littérature ; celle de la « connexion sentimentale », notion tirée des Cahiers de prison de Antonio Gramsci pour décrire le rapport entre les intellectuels et les classes subalternes ; celle du discours indirect libre en tant que tel, qui se trouve à la base de lapoétique des romans romains des années cinquante, et qui est également présent dans d’autres œuvres élaborées plus tard ; et finalement la phase de la subjective indirecte libre, théorisée dans les années soixante pour décrire le style indirect libre au cinéma.La régression, la connexion sentimentale, le discours indirect libre, la subjective libre indirecte constituent le point de contact entre le parcours poétique et dans le même temps théorique de l'auteur. La régression dans la parole de l’autre, ou, comme au cinéma, dans le regard de l’autre, représente en dernière instance la tentative de l’auteur de traduire sur le plan littéraire et cinématographique la réalité de conflits historiques et existentiels. / This doctoral thesis studies the free indirect style in Pasolini's works through a double path of research. On one hand it takes into account his literary and cinematic production; on the other it studies the linguistic and semiotic principles on which its free indirect style hinges. This double path has been crossed in the light of four notions that Pasolini developed in his theoretical essays along his artisticactivity. The first one is the “regression”, elaborated in the 40s in order to describe the usage of the Friulian dialect of his early poems. The second one is the “sentimental connection”, which Pasolini discovered in Gramsci's Prison Notebooks and he employed to analyse the relationship between intellectuals and subaltern classes. The third one concerns the free indirect discourse used in Pasolini's Roman novels of the 50s and studied from a linguistic and semiotic point of view in some essays. The last one is the free indirect subjective theorised in the 60s to describe the cinematic adaptation of the free indirect style.Regression, sentimental connection, free indirect discourse and free indirect subjective are the most important notions of Pasolini's free indirect style. They show how the author established itslinguistic, political and sentimental relationship with the subalterns that populates his literary works aswell as his movies.

In this thesis ethnographical interviews with women in Buenos Aires are analyzed with discourse theory in order to examine how discourses of safe/unsafe and urban poor construct places and bodies. A central element of discourse is argued to be the partially fixed inscription of danger in territories and bodies of the urban poor. Neoliberalism´s impact on urban space has meant a transformation of public space and  impacts on constructing reality. This transformation of meaning is connected to the neoliberal transformation of the labor market, once invested with rights and security, now deregulated and precarious. Urban poor are visible in every interviewed woman´s everyday life, but the way of constructing them as subjects varies with level of closeness and identification. The Argentine historic construction of Europeaness, modernity and civilization as opposed to Latin Americaness, backwardness and barbarism can be found in many of the women´s constructions of urban poor. So is the othering of them in relationship to motherhood and citizenship. The constructions of the urban poor are also analyzed with the Foucaultian concept of biopower.