The aim of the research was to explore the subjective experience of patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Sub-aims were to explore how these experiences relate to self management, stress and psychological well-being. This study was motivated by research literature that documents a wide variety of negative experiences by patients. A recent psychiatric patient survey conducted in England and Wales (Mind, 2004) found that more than 50% of respondents indicated that hospital surroundings had not helped their recovery. In fact, close to a third of those thought that it had a detrimental effect on their health. Wood and Pistrang (2004) found that psychiatric patients often represent a lower status, marginalized group in society and thus their views are often not taken into account in mainstream research. These results, however, were overwhelmingly based on research conducted in an American or European context. The South African context is unique in the sense of our political, economic and social issues that influence people's perceptions. In relation to other developing and developed nations little research has been done. The research was conducted at a large Psychiatric hospital in Pretoria South Africa. An availability sample of five adults from the hospital was used. A qualitative case study method design was used. Data were obtained through interviews and analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (PA) (Smith, 1996; Smith et al., 1997, 1999) Using the IPA method the data was analysed to extract significant or relevant points related to the research topic. These themes were then collated with themes that occur in other accounts and from there tested against the hypothesised outcomes of the investigation. Positive experiences and negative experiences were identified as the main themes; these were each divided into sub themes. The negative experiences related primarily to interaction with hospital staff and -environment, while positive experiences primarily related to effective treatment. Implications of results are that patient experiences and perceptions may be more influential for long term psychological wellbeing than has been acknowledged by care givers within larger mental healthcare facilities. It was concluded that many if not all of the results of previous studies were confirmed. Additionally this study recognised that singular positive experiences may to a greater degree influence patients recovery and maintenance than a combination of negative experiences. Recommendations following from the findings include further studies to assess enhanced interpersonal skills training for nursing staff, and greater community based care facilities. / Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

The benefits of observing a model when acquiring a new motor skill are well known, however, there is little research on the influence of viewing angle of the model. The purpose of the present experiment was to assess whether a looking-glass (face on) or subjective (facing away) viewing angle would result in different acquisition and retention levels when learning a complex Zumba dance sequence. Greater cognitive effort was expected during the looking-glass condition, consequently resulting in slower acquisition but greater physical performance scores and error recognition/identification. Thirty females were evenly divided into the looking-glass or subjective group and began with the pre-test phase to assess degrees of motivation, self-efficacy, and physical performance. Participants were then lead through six acquisition dances, within which they performed the to-be-learned sequence 18 times. An assessment of cognitive effort followed, then post-test performances and error recognition/identification scores were obtained to conclude the study. While both the looking-glass and subjective conditions demonstrated equal rates of acquisition (p>.05), the looking-glass group performed significantly fewer errors during the post-test (p<.05) and were significantly better at identifying errors when a video of the dance sequence was shown from the same viewing angle as the acquisition phase (p<.05). No differences were reported between the two conditions with respect to cognitive effort (p>.05). Based on the results of this study, the looking-glass viewing angle appears to result in better learning of a dance sequence, but cannot be explained by cognitive effort.

This paper is a framework for the pursuit of happiness. It uses psychological data, philosophical theories, and trends in neuroscience to support the idea that anyone can be happy. It first discusses personality psychology, biology of personality, and the relationship between personality and happiness. From there it explains positive illusions and Depressive Realism to show how one can implement both to increase personal happiness.

Subjektivt välbefinnande handlar om människors upplevelser av sitt eget liv, enligt deras egen subjektiva värdering av sitt liv. Studiens primära syfte var att undersöka sambandet mellan självkänsla, stress och subjektivt välbefinnande hos svenska högskolestudenter. Könsskillnader, nedlagd studietid och åldersskillnader undersöktes även i relation till subjektivt välbefinnande. Syftet undersöktes utifrån fem hypoteser och en frågeställning. Totalt delades 139 enkäter ut till studenter vid en mellanstor högskola i mellersta Sverige. Skalorna som användes var WHO-10, PSS-10 och Rosenbergs test of Self-Esteem. Analysmetoderna som användes var t-test, korrelationsanalys och en multipel hierarkisk regressionsanalys. Resultaten visar att stress och självkänsla har ett statistiskt signifikant samband till subjektivt välbefinnande. Resultatet stöds av tidigare studier, som undersökt stress och självkänsla som prediktorer för subjektivt välbefinnande. Inga könsskillnader gällande subjektivt välbefinnande hittades. Att minska stress och höja självkänsla bland studenter, kan antas bidra till bättre hälsa och akademiska prestationer.

Anonymity metrics have been proposed to evaluate anonymity preserving systems by estimating the amount of information displayed by these systems due to vulnerabilities. A general metric for anonymity that assess the latter systems according to the mass and quality of information learned by an attacker or a collaboration of attackers is proposed here. The proposed metric is based on subjective logic, a generalization of evidence and probability theory. As a consequence, we proved based on defined scenarios that our metric provide a better interpretation of uncertainty in the measure and it is extended to combine various sources of information using subjective logic operators. Also, we demonstrate that two factors: trust between collaborating attackers and time can influence significantly the metric result when taking them into consideration.

Recently, subjective wellbeing, or more popularly, happiness and life satisfaction, have received growing interest from social scientists, policy makers, and the public alike. This thesis applies Wellbeing, Self-determination, and Social Cognitive theories, and investigates the role of subjective wellbeing for obesity. The main methodology is multivariate regression with ordinary least square, Logit, and two-stage least square estimators. The data are from the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2010. Results show that subjective wellbeing has negative, independent impact on body mass index (BMI) and on the probability of being obese after controlling for the conventionally studied determinants of obesity like age, gender, income, and education. The study contributes to the literature on obesity and suggests possible policy interventions on obesity from the perspective of subjective wellbeing.

Sexuality is being recognized by the medical community as an increasingly important factor for well-being in older adults. Age and well-being are important factors that contribute to older adults’ sexuality. Subjective age and attitudes towards aging are known to impact physical and mental wellness for adults over 40. However, there is no research that looks at the impact of subject age and aging attitudes on older adult sexuality. This secondary analysis of longitudinal Mid-Life in the United States (MIDUS) study data will explore the relationship between subjective age and attitudes toward aging from MIDUS Wave I on sexual activity, frequency of sex, quality of sex, and interest in sex, among adults 40 and older from MIDUS Wave II. Data were analyzed to determine the relationship between the independent variables subjective age and aging expectations on the four dependent sexuality variables.The interaction terms subjective age by aging expectations, subjective age by gender, aging expectations by gender. A three way interaction between subjective age, aging expectations, and gender was also included in the analyses.Subjective age was significantly associated with quality of sex and interest in sex such that the older people felt, the less likely they were to rate their sex life positively or put much thought and/or effort into sex. Aging expectations were significantly associated with quality of sex such that the worse people felt about getting old, the less likely they were to have good quality sex later in life. Neither subjective age nor aging expectations had an impact on the behavioural variables number of sex partners and frequency of sex. None of the interaction terms tested were statistically significant. As such, people who feel better about aging and who feel younger than their actual age are more likely to rate the quality of the sexual aspects of their lives positively and are also more likely to put thought and effort into their sex lives.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。