In the present study, nursing and allied health employee's perceptions of job control and the relationship to performance evaluation were explored. Supervisor perceptions of their subordinate's level of job control was assessed with subordinate perceptions of job control, to determine the effects of perceptual congruence on reactions to performance evaluation. In addition, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance was assessed to test the relationship with subordinate responses to performance evaluation. One hundred and forty-four participants including forty-five matched supervisor-subordinate pairs in a large Queensland health care organisation were surveyed. The measures included perceptions of job control, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance and the effects of subordinate reactions to performance evaluation. The results indicated that there were no differences in the perceptions the supervisor held of their employee's job control and the perceptions the subordinate held in relation to their own levels of job control. In addition, it was found that job control significantly contributed to positive reactions to performance evaluation and when there was a close match between supervisor and subordinate perceptions of level of control, there was a resulting positive reaction to performance evaluation. Furthermore, supervisor internal attributions to subordinate performance predicted positive reactions to performance evaluation, when the employee was evaluated as having performed successfully.

Through the lens of the social identity approach (Haslam, 2004; Hogg & Terry, 2001) and in particular, the subjective group dynamics (SGD) model (Abrams, Randsley de Moura, Hutchison, & Viki, 2005) and an organisational justice perspective (Tyler & Blader, 2003), the current program of research set out to explore, in two phases, how anti-norm leaders can mitigate negative responses by their group members when they wish to lead their group towards the prescriptive norms of an outgroup. The first phase of the research, comprising three pilot tests, and Study 1, Study 2a and 2b investigated how anti-norm leaders were judged by ingroup members, and two possible moderators of this effect. Study 1 aimed to replicate the basic findings of Abrams et al. (2008) and explore whether group members’ evaluations of normative and deviant leaders would be moderated by the leaders’ method of gaining leadership (appointed vs. elected). Study 2a and 2b examined whether group members’ evaluations of normative and anti-norm leaders were moderated by the relationship of the ingroup to the authority who appointed the leader. The second phase of the research, comprising three pilot tests and Studies 3, 4 and 5, moved to consider what could help anti-norm leaders gain positive evaluations from members of their group in an organisational context. Drawing on the group engagement model (Tyler & Blader, 2003), the traditional leadership literature (Hollander, 1958; Hollander & Julian, 1970), and relevant literature from the social identity approach (Hornsey, 2005; Morton, Postmes, & Jetten, 2007) the second phase aimed to examine whether perceived respect from the leader could help the anti-norm leader to gain more positive evaluations from their group members. Study 3 replicated the design of Studies 2a and 2b in a pseudo-organisational scenario with perceived respect from the leader as an additional measured variable. Study 4 explored the impact of the informal quality of treatment (IQT) received by the ingroup members from the leader on perceptions of the anti-norm leader. In addition, the proposed mediating effect of perceived respect from the leader was examined. Study 5 examined whether respect for the group’s history by the leader would diminish the negative responses of group members to an anti-norm leader. Across the six pilot studies and six main studies, and consistent with the SGD model (Abrams et al., 2005; Abrams et al., 2008), normative leaders were consistently endorsed more, or evaluated more positively, than anti-norm leaders. Across the different testing contexts, incumbent anti-norm leaders were derogated regardless whether they were appointed or elected or whether the outgroup who appointed them had an incompatible or irrelevant relationship with the ingroup. Further, whilst showing high IQT to group members helped anti-norm leaders obtain similar evaluations as to those obtained by low IQT normative leaders, exhibiting high levels of respect for group history failed to help anti-norm leaders mitigate negative evaluations from their group members. These findings suggest that, in line Abrams et al. (2008), once an individual becomes a leader, group members do not take into consideration how that leader came to be or where they came from in evaluations. Instead, group members seem to focus on what the leader does, or can do, for the group. Whilst respect at the group, and particularly at the individual, level can have a limited impact on evaluations, it would seem that little that the leader can do on their own will moderate the negative evaluations of them that stem from the fact that their position fundamentally undermines the validity of prescriptive ingroup norms. As such, and consistent with SGD literature (Abrams et al., 2005; Abrams et al., 2008), the findings of the current program of research demonstrate the overwhelmingly robust motivation of group members to derogate anti-norm leaders who undermine prescriptive ingroup norms. For leaders faced with the challenging task of leading their ingroup towards the prescriptive norms of an outgroup, the findings of the current program of research suggest that, consistent with the group engagement model (Tyler & Blader, 2003) bolstering respect for group members through enacting both informal and formal procedures may be somewhat effective. Alternatively, and to carry the black sheep analogy dominant in this line of research further, the anti-norm leader may simply constitute the proverbial ‘sacrificial lamb’ – that is rejected and unpopular among the people he or she is supposed to lead.

The impetus for this study grew from observations in clinical practice that many individuals survived all sorts of hardships with minimal distress, or with the ability to tolerate their distress, and move on with their lives in a positive manner. A review of the literature led to the conclusions that the research investigating resilience was making minimal inroads into understanding what made these people different, and that the richness of who they were was being lost in the scientific process. This dissatisfaction led to the decision to explore the construct from a phenomenological framework, and to try and discover the essential elements of resilience through analysis of the subjective experience of resilience. A qualitative study involving thirteen participants identified by their peers as resilient was undertaken and the underlying themes of their stories were analysed. This led to the development of a model of resilience that attempted to balance the need for parsimony with that of explanatory breadth, and which had the potential to tolerate the complexity and instability of the construct itself. The model developed identified three core elements that embraced the construct of resilience. These included the physiological capacity to be resilient, and from this basis the ability to be adaptive and the ability to maintain well-being emerge. Factors identified with these elements include individual reactivity to and recovery from adverse events, the ability to be effective and efficient in the management of adverse events, and the beliefs about the world and the self that promote well-being when exposed to adverse events. The model has a basis within neurobiology and is framed within the context of Dynamic Systems Theory. The theory itself is a culmination of clinical observations with what is known from within the current literature and the results of this study.

Doctor of Philosophy / This thesis studies the relationship between subjective experience and social environment during recovery from alcoholism in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). As a result of participation in AA meetings, many alcoholics undergo healing transformations involving a sense of acceptance of themselves, others and the world. In early sobriety these experiences often remove an alcoholic’s desire to drink. Outside AA, however, alcoholics frequently experience subjective unravelling – a sense of conflict with themselves, others and the world. For many, this subjective state is associated with actual or potential craving for a drink. Regular participation in AA meetings alleviates these states. This thesis construes the relationship between subjective experience and immediate social environment in terms of ‘experiential stakes of relevance’. This conceptual category can be used to characterise both the structural properties of the social environment and the key attributes of the subjective experience of agents within this environment. Listening to stories at AA meetings results for many alcoholics in a radical change in ‘experiential stakes of relevance’. It is argued that the process of spontaneous re-connection with one’s past experiences during AA meetings is akin to the process of mobilisation of embodied dispositions as theorised by Bourdieu. Transformation in AA takes place in the space of a mere one and a half hours and involves processes of intensification of experience. These are analysed in terms of Bourdieu’s notion of ‘illusio’ and Chion’s notion of ‘rendu’. The healing experiences of acceptance presuppose a social environment free of interpersonal conflict. This thesis argues that the need to structurally eliminate conflict between alcoholics has turned AA into a social field which is sustained by the very healing subjective experiences that it facilitates. In the process, AA has developed structural elements which can best be understood as mechanisms inverting the social logic of competitive fields. The fieldwork entailed a detailed ethnographic study of one particular group of Alcoholics Anonymous in Sydney’s Lower North Shore as well as familiarisation with the more general culture of AA in Sydney. Methods of investigation included participant observations at AA meetings and interviews with a number of sober alcoholics in AA.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Most industries are being forced to operate at lower costs while delivering more outputs and ensuring a safe working environment. An opportunity to achieve this for asset intensive industries lies within the complex and integrated field of Physical Asset Management (PAM). This study is specifically concerned with the maintenance subset of PAM, more specifically, the proactive maintenance strategy. A field known as prognostics emerges when combining two maintenance tactics, namely predictive and preventative maintenance. Prognostics uses historical failure data from preventative maintenance and variable readings used in predictive maintenance to estimate asset reliability. Reliability is estimated using statistical models commonly known as reliability models or survival models. Variable readings used must describe or portray the health of the assets considered and are called covariates. A problem that exists in the maintenance subset of PAM is concerned with the data needed for the survival models. The historical failure data is difficult to come by or non-existent in industry and the covariate data is often noisy and inaccurate. This poses a problem when wanting to make important maintenance decisions because the prognostics survival models require both the historical failure data and the covariate data. The covariate data is generally acquired by applying Condition Monitoring (CM) to assets, monitoring characteristics reflecting the asset’s health. Prognostics can aid with maintenance decisions because once the equipment reliability has been estimated, it is possible to predict the time that an asset can still operate at its prescribed level of performance. This time of operation, which the asset can still operate, is more commonly known as its residual life (RL). To overcome this problem, six of the most popular survival models found in literature, namely the Accelerated Failure Time Model (AFTM), Additive Hazards Model (AHM), Proportional Covariate Model (PCM), Proportional Hazards Model (PHM), Proportional Odds Model (POM) and the Prentice, Williams and Peterson (PWP), are considered and populated with historical failure data and the covariate data elicited from people. The people whom the data is obtained from are considered as experts in the field this study is conducted in. Also, the data is subjective because each expert has their own opinions and judgement concerning the assets in this study. The purpose of this study is, thus, to investigate whether subjective data can be used to populate survival models, therefore, allowing RL predictions of the assets considered. A guideline consisting of five steps that aid with what system variables to consider as covariates, which people can be selected as experts and selecting the most appropriate survival model, is created and presented. Following the guideline, a case study is conducted on power transformers at an organization in South Africa. Results from the case study reveal that the PCM is the most appropriate survival model reviewed. Using the PCM, RL predictions are made after the models are populated with subjective data and objective industry standard data. The results indicate that the subjective data yielded the same general trends but less conservative estimates when compared to industry standard data. Subjective data can, therefore, be used to populate survival models but this is inherently risky because of the less conservative results noted from this study. This study is based on a single case study, it does prove that it is possible to use the subjective data as an alternative to objective data. It is possible, however, that this characteristic does not apply for other asset types. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die meerderheid nywerhede word onder geweldige druk geplaas om laer bedryfskostes te handhaaf en ter selfde tyd word dit van hulle verwag om hul uitsette te vermeerder en ´n veilige werksomgewing te bied. Bate intensiewenywerhede het ´n geleentheid om hierdie druk te verlig deur gebruik te maak van ´n komplekse en geïntegreerde veld bekend as Fisiese Batebestuur (FB). Hierdie studie is gefokus op die instandhouding onderafdeling van FB, spesifiek die proaktiewe instandhoudingsstrategie. Twee proaktiewe instandhoudingstaktieke, naamlik voorspellende en voorkomende instandhoudingtaktieke, word saamgesmelt en vorm ´n veld bekend as prognostiek. Prognostiek gebruik historiese falingdata van voorkomende instandhouding en veranderlike aflesings vanaf toestandmoniteering toeristing gebruik in voorspellende instandhouding om bate batroubarheid te bereken. Hierdie betroubaarheid word bereken deur gebruik te maak van statistiese modelle bekend as oorlewingsmodelle. Een van die probleme wat voorkom in die instandhouding onderafdeling van FB het te doen met die beskikbaarheid van die data wat benodig word vir die oorlewingsmodelle. Historiese falingdata is selde beskikbaar of bestaan glad nie en die toestandsmoniteering data is dikwels onakuraat. Prognostiek word gebruik om belangrikke instandhoudingsbesluite te motiveer, dus is die beskikbaarheid en betroubaarheid van die nodige data van belange. Om hierdie struikelblok te oorkom bestudeer hierdie studie die gebruik van subjektiewe data bekom vanaf deskundiges in prognostieke oorlewingsmodelle. Die doel van hierdie studie is dus om vas te stel of subjektiewe data gebruik kan word in prognostieke oorlewingsmodelle. Ses oorlewingsmodelle wat gereeld voorkom in literatuur word nagesien in hierdie studie, die modelle sluit in die “Accelerated Failure Time Model” (AFTM), “ Additive Hazards Model” (AHM), “Proportional Covariate Model” (PCM) , “Proportional Hazards Model” (PHM), “Proportional Odds Model” (POM) en die “Prentice Williams and Peterson” (PWP) model. Hierdie modelle word aangevul deur die subjektiewe data wat onttrek is van deskundiges in ´n sekere gebied, vir hierdie studie is die gebied krag transformators. Met gebruik van hierdie modelle kan die betroubaarheid van die betrokke toerusting bereken word. Sodra die betroubaarheid bereken is kan die oorblywende lewe van die toerusting voorspel word. Die oorblywendelewe is die tyd wat ´n stuk toerusting nog moontlik kan werk sonder om te faal. Dit is belangrik omdat nodige instandhoudingsbesluite geneem moet word. Hierdie studie stel ´n metode voor vir die uitvoer van die navorsing en soortgelyke studies. Die metode dui vyf stappe aan wat voorstel watter veranderlikes om te gebruik as kovariate in die oorlewingsmodelle, watter mense as deskundiges gekies kan word, en hoe om die mees toepasslikke oorlewingsmodelle te kies. Nadat hierdie metode voorgestel is word dit toegepas op krag transformators in ´n gevallestudie wat plaasgevind het in Suid Afrika. Vir die gevallestudie is die PCM die meestoepaslikke oorlewingsmodel. Die oorblywende lewe voorspellings wat die metode opgelewer het is met die voorspellings gebaseer op die industriestandaard data vergelyk. Die resultate dui aan dat deskundiges minder konserwatiewe beramings lewer. Dus kan die subjektiewe data gebruik word in oorlewingsmodelle maar die beramings is minder konserwatief en daarom van natuur meer riskant. Hierdie studie se gevolgtrekkings is gebaseer op ´n enkele gevallestudie. Dit is dus moontlik dat die subjektiewe data dalk nie as ´n alternatief gebruik kan word met ander tipes toerusting nie.

O objetivo geral desta tese foi avaliar o impacto do sistema de trabalho em turnos nos trabalhadores de dois setores de uma indústria de filmes e embalagens flexíveis para alimentos que opera em três turnos de trabalho fixos, considerando o cronotipo do trabalhador. Foi feita a caracterização do sexo, experiência profissional, faixa etária e cronotipo (por meio de dois questionários) de 42 trabalhadores do setor de Impressão e 43 do setor de Corte/Solda nos três diferentes turnos e avaliadas as cargas física e mental (com ferramentas subjetivas e indicadores fisiológicos) das atividades realizadas e as demandas ergonômicas dos Construtos: Ambiente, Posto de trabalho, Organização de Trabalho, Conteúdo do Trabalho, Empresa e Risco/Dor. Foram coletados parâmetros ambientais (ruído, temperatura e umidade) para identificar o seu grau de impacto sobre o desempenho do trabalhador. Embora dentro dos limites legais, principalmente o ruído e a temperatura apresentaram baixa satisfação nos dois setores. Os resultados estatísticos apontaram diferenças entre os resultados em função dos setores (o setor de Impressão com maiores demandas do que o Corte/Solda), turnos (o turno noturno com mais demandas) e influência do cronotipo discrepante ao horário de turno. Os trabalhadores com cronotipo desajustado ao horário do turno tendem a perceber mais negativamente a carga de trabalho, tendem à menor satisfação com vários itens de demanda ergonômica e a sentir maior intensidade de dor. Houve variação dos indicadores fisiológicos (nível de cortisol salivar, catecolaminas urinárias, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e consequentemente, do percentual da máxima capacidade aeróbica) dependendo do indivíduo e eles foram consistentes com a avaliação subjetiva de carga de trabalho. Os resultados deixam claro que os trabalhadores sabem a que horas querem iniciar e finalizar o trabalho (que são compatíveis com o cronotipo) e não gostam de trabalhar em turno, mas se o turno for necessário, a preferência é por turno fixo. A proposta é que no caso de trabalho em turno, seja considerado o cronotipo do trabalhador e que este tenha autonomia para escolher o turno, pois necessidades familiares e sociais também são fatores de decisão nesta escolha. / This thesis aimed to evaluate the impact of shiftwork on the workers of two sectors of a flexible packaging manufacturer which operates in three shifts, considering the cronotype of the worker. 42 workers from the three shifts of the Imprint sector and 43 from the Cutting/Welding sector were characterized according to sex, professional experience, age and cronotype (based on two questionnaires). Both mental and physical workload were evaluated using subjective tools and physiological parameters. The satisfaction with their work (i.e., the Environment, the Workstation, the Work Organization, the Work Content, the Enterprise and the Risk of pain) was evaluated by questionnaire. Environmental data (noise, temperature and humidity) were gathered for evaluation of their impact on the workers. Although within the law limits, noise and temperature were not satisfactory in both sectors..The statistical results showed differences between the sectors (the Imprint one with more esrgonomic demands), among the shifts (the night one with more ergonomic demandas) and influence of the worker cronotype. The workers whose cronotype were not compatible with their shiftwork tend to be less satisfied with their work, tend to feel more pain and overloaded. The physiological parameters (hormonal levels of cortisol, urinary cathecholamines, arterial pressure, heart rate and consequently the percent of maximum aerobic work capacity) varied with the individual and were consistent with the subjective workload evaluation. The results showed that the workers know their best work time (which is compatible with their cronotype), they do not like shiftwork but if it is necessary, they prefer the fixed shift. The proposal is that if shiftwork is necessary, the worker cronotype has to be considered and he/she should choose the shift because familiar and social issues are also part of this choice.

Combating HPV infection in males is a significant public health issue. In addition to the number of HPV-related cancers that develop each year, Palefsky (2007) reported that "HPV infection of men is of great importance given that sexual transmission is the primary mode of spread to women" (p. 261). In recent years, the development of the HPV vaccine has spurred controversy over whether or not males as well as females should obtain the vaccine against this disease. The purpose of this study was to examine male college students' intention to be HPV vaccinated and their HPV knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards the vaccination. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectioned research design was employed. Two hundred and eight (208) male college students at a mid-sized public university participated in the study and completed an in-class questionnaire. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that, on average, the sample of 208 male college students had correct responses on only half of the 15 questions regarding knowledge about HPV based on the mean scores. Respondents had positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, greater sense of control over being HPV vaccinated, and favorable intention to be HPV vaccinated. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of male college students' behavioral intention to be HPV vaccinated. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control had a positive influence on male college students' behavioral intention to be HPV vaccinated. Lastly, male college students' level of HPV knowledge was not significantly correlated to their behavioral intention to be HPV vaccinated

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:08:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_av_me_assis.pdf: 363757 bytes, checksum: 5ac5accebfed074f310860c4b0f37e2e (MD5) / Esta pesquisa investiga de que forma a concepção interacionista da linguagem pode facilitar a instauração da escrita de textos expositivo-argumentativos. Contrapondo tal concepção de linguagem às outras (linguagem como reflexo do pensamento e linguagem como instrumento de comunicação) e, a partir da definição de texto, segundo as mais recentes correntes de estudos da linguagem, o trabalho pretende evidenciar, através das categorias eleitas para análise, quais sejam, progressão e repetição, congruência, argumentação, desdobramento da linguagem monológica em dialógica e progressão, de que forma uma redação dissertativa deve se configurar quando tem o propósito de ser intersubjetiva. Num segundo momento de instauração de um exercício interacionista de escrita, o trabalho, mediante uma metodologia intitulada de correção interativa, pretende avaliar os benefícios ou não de tal prática. / This essay analyses in what ways the interectionist conception of the language can make easy the writing of argumentative-expositive texts contrasting this conception to the others (language as a reflex of the thought and language as an instrument of communication) and from this text definition, according to the latest tendencies of language studies of the language, the composition intends to show through the chosen categories for analyses, such as progression and repetition, congruence, argumentation, monologic language transposition into dialogic and progression, in what ways a argumentative-expositive composition must be configured, when objective be inter subjective. In a second moment it intends to evaluate the good or the bad points of this practice through the instauration of an interecionist writing exercise by means of a methodology entitled interactive correction.

Orientador: Romualdo Dias / Banca: Afonso Antonio Machado / Banca: Dulcineia Fatima Ferreira Pereira / Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa alguns limites e algumas possibilidades da ação educacional na escola a partir de minhas inquietações diretamente relacionadas com o controle dos corpos dos educandos. Nosso estudo tem como objetivo cartografar os corpos dos alunos de escolas públicas do Estado de São Paulo. Estamos atentos para identificar e investigar a emergência de uma possível "cultura policial" no interior da escola, e escolhemos duas fontes documentais que nos ajudarão a entender este processo: os livros de ocorrências e o "PROERD", programa da polícia militar levado para a sala de aula. Nos documentos recolhidos aparece a necessidade de reformar os alunos, por meio da estratégia da vigilância permanente e da responsabilização por suas atitudes. Opera pelo reforço da informação de que todas as atitudes não desejadas serão marcadas com o acréscimo de conduzirem inevitavelmente a um suposto "caminho ruim". Temos, deste modo, caracterizado o eixo do controle sobre os corpos. Elucidamos os mecanismos de controle a partir da leitura de BENTHAM, que promete resultados ótimos se a sociedade for vigiada o tempo todo e destaca a importância de que todos saibam que são vigiados. Os estudos de SKINNER e THOREAU apresentam a importância e os benefícios de uma sociedade planificada, com controle da natureza e do humano. Entendemos que a escola é uma instituição política e que o controle não consegue capturar completamente as pessoas, e a partir deste posicionamento demarcamos o que vibra fora do visível. Perguntamos: como os alunos conseguem dar vida à escola? Os sinais de rebeldia também podem ser sinais de vida, compreendidos como reações de um corpo que se manifesta mesmo quando é anestesiado. Trabalharemos um segundo eixo, o da emancipação, utilizando a sensibilidade do cartógrafo, que está atento aos sinais e aos gestos que escapam aos mecanismos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research examines some limitations and some possibilities of educational action at school from my concerns directly related to the control of bodies of students. Our study aims to chart the bodies of public school students of São Paulo. We are aware to identify and investigate the possible emergence of a "police culture" within the school, and chose two documentary sources that help us understand this process: the books of occurrences and "PROERD" program of the military police led to the classroom. In documents obtained appears the need to reform the students through the strategy of constant supervision and accountability for their actions. Operates by strengthening the information that all unwanted attitudes will be marked with the addition that it lead inevitably to a supposed "bad way". We thus characterized the axis of control over their bodies. We explain the mechanisms of control from the reading of BENTHAM, which promises optimal results if the society is monitored all the time and highlights the importance that everyone knows they are monitored. The studies of SKINNER and THOREAU present the importance and benefits of a planned society, with control of nature and the human. We understand that school is a political institution and that the control can not fully capture the people, and from this position we defined what vibrates off the visible. We ask: how students can give life to school? Signs of rebellion can also be signs of life, understood as reactions of a body that is manifested even when it is anesthetized. We will work a second axis, the emancipation of using the sensitivity of the cartographer, who is aware to the signs and gestures which escape the control mechanisms operating within the school / Mestre

O objetivo geral desta tese foi avaliar o impacto do sistema de trabalho em turnos nos trabalhadores de dois setores de uma indústria de filmes e embalagens flexíveis para alimentos que opera em três turnos de trabalho fixos, considerando o cronotipo do trabalhador. Foi feita a caracterização do sexo, experiência profissional, faixa etária e cronotipo (por meio de dois questionários) de 42 trabalhadores do setor de Impressão e 43 do setor de Corte/Solda nos três diferentes turnos e avaliadas as cargas física e mental (com ferramentas subjetivas e indicadores fisiológicos) das atividades realizadas e as demandas ergonômicas dos Construtos: Ambiente, Posto de trabalho, Organização de Trabalho, Conteúdo do Trabalho, Empresa e Risco/Dor. Foram coletados parâmetros ambientais (ruído, temperatura e umidade) para identificar o seu grau de impacto sobre o desempenho do trabalhador. Embora dentro dos limites legais, principalmente o ruído e a temperatura apresentaram baixa satisfação nos dois setores. Os resultados estatísticos apontaram diferenças entre os resultados em função dos setores (o setor de Impressão com maiores demandas do que o Corte/Solda), turnos (o turno noturno com mais demandas) e influência do cronotipo discrepante ao horário de turno. Os trabalhadores com cronotipo desajustado ao horário do turno tendem a perceber mais negativamente a carga de trabalho, tendem à menor satisfação com vários itens de demanda ergonômica e a sentir maior intensidade de dor. Houve variação dos indicadores fisiológicos (nível de cortisol salivar, catecolaminas urinárias, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e consequentemente, do percentual da máxima capacidade aeróbica) dependendo do indivíduo e eles foram consistentes com a avaliação subjetiva de carga de trabalho. Os resultados deixam claro que os trabalhadores sabem a que horas querem iniciar e finalizar o trabalho (que são compatíveis com o cronotipo) e não gostam de trabalhar em turno, mas se o turno for necessário, a preferência é por turno fixo. A proposta é que no caso de trabalho em turno, seja considerado o cronotipo do trabalhador e que este tenha autonomia para escolher o turno, pois necessidades familiares e sociais também são fatores de decisão nesta escolha. / This thesis aimed to evaluate the impact of shiftwork on the workers of two sectors of a flexible packaging manufacturer which operates in three shifts, considering the cronotype of the worker. 42 workers from the three shifts of the Imprint sector and 43 from the Cutting/Welding sector were characterized according to sex, professional experience, age and cronotype (based on two questionnaires). Both mental and physical workload were evaluated using subjective tools and physiological parameters. The satisfaction with their work (i.e., the Environment, the Workstation, the Work Organization, the Work Content, the Enterprise and the Risk of pain) was evaluated by questionnaire. Environmental data (noise, temperature and humidity) were gathered for evaluation of their impact on the workers. Although within the law limits, noise and temperature were not satisfactory in both sectors..The statistical results showed differences between the sectors (the Imprint one with more esrgonomic demands), among the shifts (the night one with more ergonomic demandas) and influence of the worker cronotype. The workers whose cronotype were not compatible with their shiftwork tend to be less satisfied with their work, tend to feel more pain and overloaded. The physiological parameters (hormonal levels of cortisol, urinary cathecholamines, arterial pressure, heart rate and consequently the percent of maximum aerobic work capacity) varied with the individual and were consistent with the subjective workload evaluation. The results showed that the workers know their best work time (which is compatible with their cronotype), they do not like shiftwork but if it is necessary, they prefer the fixed shift. The proposal is that if shiftwork is necessary, the worker cronotype has to be considered and he/she should choose the shift because familiar and social issues are also part of this choice.