Submitted by Daniela Stucchi da Silva Maeji (danistucchimaeji@gmail.com) on 2018-09-13T19:26:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Daniela Stucchi_final_protocolo.pdf: 7690556 bytes, checksum: a0307b47423eadcf14b0abd0219e89d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-09-13T19:52:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Daniela Stucchi_final_protocolo.pdf: 7690556 bytes, checksum: a0307b47423eadcf14b0abd0219e89d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-14T13:12:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Daniela Stucchi_final_protocolo.pdf: 7690556 bytes, checksum: a0307b47423eadcf14b0abd0219e89d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-14T13:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Daniela Stucchi_final_protocolo.pdf: 7690556 bytes, checksum: a0307b47423eadcf14b0abd0219e89d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-16 / This research investigates the impacts of public transit on air pollution and health in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area. Subsidies for public transport systems are highly controversial and there is no consensus in the literature on their efficiency. One of the reasons advanced to support public transit subsidization refers to the negative externalities that automobile use generates, such as air pollution and its adverse health effects, assuming that these external costs are not fully internalized by automobile users through other policies. However, the empirical question remains as to whether increasing transit provision is welfare-enhancing in this respect, especially in megacities of developing countries. To be able to infer a causal relationship, we adopted a quasi-experimental approach using public transit strikes to identify exogenous variations in the outcomes of interest. The results suggest significant benefits for providing public transit, especially with regard to impacts on traffic-related air pollutants and respiratory illness in young children, with stronger effects for those residing near more congested arterial roads. It is expected that the findings will inform policy makers’ efforts to evaluate existing fare subsidies and potential pricing reforms, especially in times of fiscal stress. / Esta pesquisa investiga os impactos do transporte público na poluição do ar e saúde na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Os subsídios para sistemas de transporte público são altamente controversos e não há consenso na literatura sobre sua eficiência. Um dos argumentos a favor ao subsídio do transporte público refere-se às externalidades negativas que o uso do automóvel gera, como a poluição do ar e seus efeitos adversos à saúde, assumindo que esses custos externos não são totalmente internalizados pelos usuários de automóveis por meio de outras políticas. No entanto, permanece uma questão empírica saber se a crescente oferta de transporte público é benéfica ao bem-estar neste aspecto, especialmente nas megacidades dos países em desenvolvimento. Para ser capaz de inferir uma relação causal, adotamos uma abordagem quase experimental usando greves do transporte público para identificar variações exógenas nos resultados de interesse. Os resultados sugerem benefícios significativos da oferta de transporte público, especialmente no que diz respeito aos impactos sobre os poluentes atmosféricos relacionados ao tráfego e doenças respiratórias em crianças pequenas, com efeitos mais fortes para aqueles que residem perto de vias arteriais mais congestionadas. Espera-se que as conclusões dessa pesquisa informem os formuladores de políticas em seus esforços de avalição dos subsídios ao transporte público existentes e potenciais reformas de preços, especialmente em tempos de estresse fiscal.

Innovation incentives are imperfectly provided in market settings: When deciding on their innovation activity, firms tend to focus on the maximization of their private benefits, poorly internalizing social benefits. This thesis analyzes how policy intervention could be designed in order to align private and social incentives. <p><p>In the three papers of this thesis, I will consider three environments where firms' choices in a laissez-faire situation may be socially inefficient. The inefficiencies arise because of learning externalities, free riding when the innovation decision is made by a group of participants, or because firms are not willing to invest in a new activity that has a higher social than private value.<p><p>In the first thesis paper, I deal with the strategies of firms in innovative consumer product markets characterized by demand uncertainty. I analyze the timing and location decision of firms in that context.<p><p>In the second thesis paper, I consider the investment incentives of financial market infrastructures (FMIs). FMIs comprise the set of institutions that allow financial market participants to engage with each other. I assess the innovation incentives for different forms of ownership (user-owned versus third-party owned) and identify infrastructure service provision equilibria. <p><p>In the third thesis paper, I address the question of how a government should allocate a subsidy budget over time in order to maximize the innovation activity in an industry. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis is made of two parts. Part I (Chapter 1 to 3) focuses on the ethical aspects of the current challenges in microfinance. Chapter 1 addresses the question of the place and importance of credit in development policies, through the debate on the right to credit. Chapter 2 and 3 then question the fairness of the interest rates charged by the microfinance institutions. Chapter 2 analyzes whether the fairness criteria depend on more basic principles of justice, such as Rawls’ principles described in A Theory of Justice (Rawsl, 1976). Chapter 3 then reviews some of the implicit and explicit definitions of fair interest rates and proposes an original methodology, with David Gauthiers’ contractuarian theory. It determines what a fair interest rate would be when lending to the poor. <p><p>Based on the results of the two first chapters, Part II (Chapter 4 to 6) focuses on the role of donors in microfinance. Chapters 4 and 5 use two original databases, of 67 and 100 MFIs respectively to study the impact of subsidies on the MFIs’ management, through their rating evaluation (Chapter 4) and MFIs’ performance and management decisions (Chapter 5). Chapter 4 will analyze the relationship between the quality of management, as rated by a specialized agency, and the amount of subsidies. Chapter 5 will study pricing policy, the clientele and the potential moral hazard of subsidized institutions. Concluding this analysis, Chapter 6 gives some guidelines on the use of donor subsidies, especially in their interaction with the new private commercial actors, such as investment funds. <p> / Doctorat en sciences de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis examines the structure and flow of public funding between the public and private sectors in the South African health system and the consequences thereof for the achievement of equity. The conceptual framework used to undertake the analysis derives from Richard Titmuss’ core theoretical framework, the Social Division of Welfare. The application of the Social Division of Welfare applied to the South African health care context demonstrates how state resources end up benefitting the non-poor and, as a result, reproduce inequality. Those who access public institutions such as public health care are assumed to be ‘dependent’ on the state, whilst those who access private health facilities claim to be ‘independent’ of the state. However, this thesis shows that these assumptions are flawed. Access to the formal labour market, and subsequently the paying of taxes, authorises one to access state subsidies not available to those who do not. The application of the Social Division of Welfare shows that tax-paying private health care patients benefit considerably from state resources. This thesis argues that due to cost escalation in the private health sector, a consequence of the commodification of health care, these private health care ‘consumers’ as well as the private health industry in general are dependent upon state resources. This thesis analyses the role played by the profit motive present in the private health industry and the consequences for equity, quality, access and efficiency in health care provision

Sous l'impulsion de l'Union européenne et de l'ouverture des marchés, le droit de l'énergie a considérablement évolué ces dix dernières années. Les textes en matière d'énergie solaire photovoltaïque se sont amplifiés depuis la loi « Pope » jusqu'aux lois « Grenelle I » et « Grenelle II », et récemment avec la loi n° 2015-992 du 17 août 2015 relative à la transition énergétique pour la croissance verte, suivies de nombreux décrets pour leur application et une jurisprudence de plus en plus abondante en la matière. Il en résulte un ensemble considérable de textes évolutifs et complexes dont l'accès reste difficile à appréhender et à appliquer. Cette instabilité des règles régissant la matière – certes inévitable au regard des nécessaires changements requis par toute innovation – est source d'insécurité juridique et s'avère extrêmement déstabilisante pour les acteurs du secteur en quête de visibilité. En outre, l'installation d'une centrale de production d'électricité photovoltaïque au sein de son habitation, est à la fois un projet d'investissement et une opération de construction immobilière, qui exige des garanties tant sur le plan financier qu'au niveau de la construction (sûretés et assurances) pour permettre de mieux maîtriser les risques et rassurer les parties au projet. Néanmoins, les nombreux freins contractuels, administratifs et financiers ralentissent le développement du photovoltaïque et se heurtent aux ambitions de promouvoir cette « électricité verte » sur l'ensemble du territoire et notamment parvenir à l'autonomie énergétique de l'île de La Réunion. Ainsi, cette étude présente et analyse le droit de l'énergie photovoltaïque, visant notamment le particulier à La Réunion, sous ses différents angles (fiscal, financier, contractuel, administratif, urbanistique, des responsabilités) – à jour des textes les plus récents – et en explicite les modalités d'application à la lumière des multiples textes réglementaires, législatifs, guides professionnels et de la jurisprudence, que ce soit celle des tribunaux ou des autorités de régulation. / Facing a weakening photovoltaic market and a sector already bedeviled recently by a huge increase of legal texts, private investors decrease. This thesis tackles legal framework concerning photovoltaic energy in Reunion Island. This will include the analysis of fiscal incentives such as investment grants and tax preferences, as well as more general environmental policy instruments (feed-in-tariffs and renewable subsidies and grants). Moreover, this will include the analysis of contracts such as loan agreement, sale contract, lease agreement and connection/Commissioning contracts, as well as more environmental aspect. At last, risks, insurances, liability comprising legal proceedings and guarantees will be studied in this thesis.

The work describes paricularities of public univerisities. More detail is given to financing investment projekcts by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and by European Union funds. The main part is dedicted to funding by the state system of grants and funding for Operational Programme Education for Compettiveness. The work describes registration procedures for investment projects, drawing on funds and subsequent monitoring.

A significant problem of functioning the public sector is to ensure the efficiency of public expenditures. Efficiency model's creating is a dynamic process that requires regular evaluation of the socioeconomic conditions. The efficiency of financial system and granting social services is still not measured in the Czech Republic. The area of social services is affected by number of criteria and factors. So it is necessary to apply different views on evaluating the efficiency of social care, social prevention and social counseling. The efficiency of social services can not be estimated as a whole, but we should focus on different groups of social services and individual services within the group. In this thesis the efficiency is measured in the two selected residental social care services -- homes for the elderly and homes for people with disabilities. The applied methods was used only to a limited extent because of lacks of many important variables in the area of official statics. In the case of multiple criteria methods the calculation was also impeded by the availability of suitable software.

The diploma thesis deals with the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU on the Czech agrarian sector. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether the EU accession and the application of the CAP had a positive or negative influence on Czech agriculture. First, it is explained the creation of the CAP, its goals and principles. The next chapter of the thesis describes the development and reform of the CAP which influenced the Czech Republic after EU accession. Other parts are already engaged in agricultural policy of the Czech Republic after 1989 and the agricultural policy before and after EU accession. There are describes the problems that needed remove before the EU accession. And this helped to the fluent introduction of the CAP. The fourth part discusses the support provided by the EU, which has been the greatest benefit of EU accession, and divides them into direct payments and rural development. In the last chapter is analyzed the impact of the CAP on a farm AGROSPOL, Malý Bor a. s. and is trying to find the positives and negatives of EU accession.

The master thesis deals with the evaluation of the management of Technical services Rosice allowance organization. The aim of this thesis is based on a thorough analysis of the revenue and expenditure side of the budget of the selected organization to evaluate its operations and propose partial measures that will optimize costs and increase revenue. The first part of the thesis discusses the theoretical knowledge. The second part analyzes the revenue and expenditure of the organization and evaluates the management of the organization. The third part contains suggestions and recommendations for improving the management of budgetary organization Technical Services Rosice.

Institute for Rural Development / MRDV