O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar características oclusais e miofuncionais orais em crianças entre 3 e 5 anos de idade, com mordida aberta anterior e também verificar o comportamento dessas características após remoção do hábito de sucção de chupeta. Participaram 69 crianças, 34 com oclusão normal (Grupo Controle) e 35 com mordida aberta anterior (Grupo Mordida Aberta). No Grupo Mordida Aberta, a média da mordida aberta anterior foi 2,96 mm, da sobressaliência foi 4,1 mm e da distância intercanina superior foi 28,7 mm. No Grupo Controle, a média da sobressaliência foi 2,6 mm e a da distância intercanina superior foi 30,3 mm. A média da sobressaliência foi maior (p=0,001) e a média da distância intercanina superior foi menor (p<0,001) no Grupo Mordida Aberta que no Controle. O número de crianças com relação canina classe II foi maior no Grupo Mordida Aberta que no Controle (p<0,001). A análise de regressão logística univariada mostrou que maior sobressaliência, menor distância intercanina superior e relação canina classe II coexistiram com a mordida aberta anterior. No Grupo Mordida Aberta, o número de crianças com postura de lábios entreabertos em repouso (60,0%), alteração no tônus labial (68,6%), postura inadequada de língua em repouso (65,7%), alteração no tônus de bochechas (42,9%), interposição lingual anterior durante a deglutição (91,4%) e interposição lingual anterior durante a fala (85,7%) foi maior (p<0,05) que no Grupo Controle (respectivamente 35,3%, 35,3%, 23,6%, 17,7%, 32,4% e 38,2%). A análise de regressão logística múltipla identificou a interposição lingual anterior durante a deglutição (odds ratio 18,97) e durante a fala (odds ratio 9,24) bem como a postura de lábios entreabertos em repouso (odds ratio 6,23) como as principais características miofuncionais orais nas crianças com mordida aberta anterior. Das 35 crianças do Grupo Mordida Aberta, 27 apresentavam hábito de sucção de chupeta ao início do estudo e, após orientação, 15 abandonaram o hábito e 12 diminuíram a freqüência do hábito. Observou-se que a taxa de sucesso na remoção do hábito foi 55,6%, sem diferença entre gêneros e idades. A remoção do hábito favoreceu, após 3 meses de acompanhamento, redução média da mordida aberta anterior de 1,97 mm, sendo maior (p<0,001) que nas crianças que diminuíram o hábito (0,33 mm). A média da redução da sobressaliência nas crianças que abandonaram o hábito foi 0,6 mm e a média do aumento da distância intercanina superior foi 0,67 mm, mas não foram estatisticamente diferentes das crianças que diminuíram o hábito (respectivamente 0,0 mm e 0,50 mm) nem do Controle (respectivamente 0,2 mm e 0,42 mm). A remoção do hábito de sucção de chupeta promoveu melhora na postura de lábios em repouso (p=0,0313), favoreceu a respiração nasal (p=0,0078) e reduziu a ocorrência de interposição lingual anterior durante a deglutição (p=0,0078), após 3 meses de acompanhamento. A análise de regressão logística univariada identificou a postura de língua inadequada em repouso, como a principal característica miofuncional oral capaz de impedir a correção espontânea da mordida aberta anterior nas crianças avaliadas durante esse período (odds ratio 17,50) / The aim of this study was to evaluate occlusal and oral myofunctional characteristics in children between 3 and 5 years old, with anterior open bite and also to verify the behavior of these characteristics, 3 months after removal of pacifier sucking habit. Sixty nine children participated, 34 presented normal occlusion (Control Group) and 35 presented anterior open bite (Open Bite Group). In the Open Bite Group, the mean anterior open bite was 2.96 mm, the mean overject was 4.1 mm and the mean upper intercanine distance was 28.7 mm. In the Control Group, the mean overject was 2.6 mm and the upper intercanine distance was 30.3 mm. The mean overject was larger (p=0.001) and the mean upper intercanine distance was smaller (p<0.001) in the Open Bite Group than in the Control Group. The number of children with canine class II relationship was larger in the Open Bite than in the Control Group (p<0.001). Simple logistic regression analysis showed that larger overject, smaller upper intercanine distance and class II canine relationship coexisted with anterior open bite. In the Open Bite Group, the number of children with incompetent lips at rest (60.0%), inadequate labial tonus (68.6%), inadequate posture of tongue at rest (65.7%), inadequate cheeks tonus (42.9%), tongue thrust during swallow (91.4%) and tongue thrust during speech (85.7%) was larger (p<0.05) that in the Control Group (respectively 35.3%, 35.3%, 23.6%, 17.7%, 32.4% and 38.2%). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified tongue thrust during swallow (odds ratio 18.97) and during speech (odds ratio 9.24) as well as incompetent lips at rest (odds ratio 6.23) as the main oral myofunctional characteristics in children with anterior open bite. Of the 35 children in the Open Bite Group, 27 presented pacifier sucking habit at the beginning of the study and after instruction, 15 abandoned the habit and 12 reduced the frequency of the habit. It was observed that the success rate for habit removal was 55.6%, without difference related to sex and age. The habit removal favored, after 3 months of attendance, 1.97 mm mean reduction of anterior open bite, being larger (p<0.001) compared with those children that reduced the habit (0.33 mm). The mean reduction of the overject in children that abandoned the habit was 0.6 mm and the mean increase of the upper intercanine distance was 0.67 mm, but were not statistically different from the children that reduced the habit (respectively 0.0 mm and 0.50 mm) nor from the Control (respectively 0.2 mm and 0.42 mm). The removal of the pacifier sucking habit promoted improvement in the posture of lips at rest (p=0.0313), favored the nasal respiration (p=0.0078) and reduced the occurrence of tongue thrust during swallow (p=0.0078) after 3 months of attendance. Simple logistic regression analysis identified the inadequate posture of the tongue at rest, as the main oral myofunctional characteristic capable to prevent the spontaneous correction of the anterior bite in the appraised children during that period (odds ratio 17.50)

Na atuação multiprofissional em unidade neonatal, tem-se observado a dificuldade em sistematizar uma avaliação objetiva do comportamento de sucção do bebê e seu desempenho na transição da alimentação láctea, por sonda, para a via oral. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo elaborar e validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um instrumento de avaliação da prontidão do bebê prematuro em iniciar a transição da alimentação gástrica para via oral. Trata-se de estudo metodológico, para o qual elaborou-se o referido instrumento e respectivo guia instrucional, tendo por base a revisão de literatura e a experiência profissional da pesquisadora, que atribuiu escores de 0 a 2 para cada sinal clínico e desempenho do prematuro a ser avaliado. Para validação do instrumento e guia instrucional, estabeleceu-se grau de concordância mínimo de 85%, participando como juízes, fonoaudiólogos com ampla experiência na área de Neonatologia Atuaram 15 fonoaudiólogos na primeira etapa e 14 na segunda, ocasião em que se atingiu a concordância aceitável nos itens do instrumento de avaliação e respectivas definições operacionais contidas no guia instrucional (idade corrigida, estado de consciência, postura global, tônus global, postura dos lábios, postura da língua, reflexo de procura, reflexo de sucção, reflexo de mordida, reflexo de vômito, movimentação da língua, canolamento de língua, movimentação da mandíbula, força de sucção, sucções por pausa, manutenção do ritmo de sucção por pausa, manutenção do estado alerta e sinais de estresse). / Considering the multiprofessional performance in a neonatal unit, we found difficulties in systematizing an objective evaluation of infant sucking and performance in the transition from gavage to oral feeding. Therefore, this study aimed at elaborating and validating the content and appearance of an instrument for the evaluation of preterm infant promptness to begin the transition from gastric to oral feeding. In this methodological study, the author elaborated an instrument and its respective instructional guide based on a literature review and her professional experience, assigning scores from 0 to 2 to each clinical sign and performance of the premature infant. In order to validate the instrument and instructional guide, a 85% minimum level of agreement was established. Oral therapist participated as peers in the validation of the instrument and instructional guide. 15 of them participated in the first phase and 14 in the second one, when the acceptable level of agreement was achieved regarding the items of the evaluation instrument and the operational definitions specified in the instructional guide (corrected age, state of awareness, global posture, global tonus, lips posture, tongue posture, rooting reflex, sucking reflex, biting reflex, gag reflex, tongue movement, jaw movement, sucking power, sucking and pause, maintenance of the rhythm of sucking and pause, maintenance of alert state and stress signs).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1961.

Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1991. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1991. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1980. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-79).

Orientador: Ercília Maria Caroni Trezza / Banca: Emílio Cezar Mamede Murade / Banca: Luciana Tavares Sebastião / Banca: Maria Teresa Cera Sanches / Resumo: Considerando as especificidades da eletromiografia com eletrodos de captação de superfície na avaliação da atividade muscular e a escassez de trabalhos que demonstrem as diferenças entre as atividades dos músculos responsáveis pela sucção no aleitamento materno, aleitamento por mamadeira e por copo em lactentes, este trabalho tem como objetivos: a) estabelecer um padrão da participação dos músculos masseter, temporal e bucinador no grupo de aleitamento materno com lactentes a termo e sadios e b) mensurar e comparar a atividade muscular dos músculos masseter, temporal e bucinador quando em aleitamento materno, aleitamento por mamadeira e por copo, no que se refere à amplitude e média de contração. Para tanto utiliza-se o estudo transversal, com participação de sessenta lactentes nascidos a termo e sem intercorrências, entre dois e três meses de idade, divididos em três grupos: 1) vinte lactentes em aleitamento materno exclusivo, 2) vinte lactentes em aleitamento misto com uso de mamadeira e 3) vinte lactentes em aleitamento materno exclusivo com uso de copo. Foi realizada eletromiografia com eletrodos de captação de superfície durante a alimentação do lactente. O teste estatístico utilizado foi Krushal-Wallis complementado com as comparações múltiplas entre pares de grupos e todas as discussões foram realizadas no nível de 5% de significância. Verifica-se, inicialmente, que na padronização do grupo de aleitamento materno obtém-se maior participação do músculo temporal, seguido do masseter, ficando o bucinador com menores valores tanto no que se refere à amplitude quanto à média de contração muscular, revelando que, de acordo com a literatura, no aleitamento materno o lactente apresenta condições para o adequado crescimento das estruturas e desenvolvimento das funções... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Considering the specificities of electromyography with surface electrodes in evaluation of muscular activity, and the scarcity of studies that would demonstrate the differences between the activities of the muscles responsible for sucking in breastfeeding, bottle feeding and cup feeding in infants, this work aimed to: a) establish a standard of participation of the masseter, temporal and buccinator muscles in the breastfeeding group with infants at term and healthy and b) measure and compare the muscular activity of masseter, temporal and buccinator muscles under breastfeeding, bottle feeding and cup feeding with reference to cycles of sucking and amplitude. For this a transversal study was utilized with participation of sixty newborn infants at term and without complications, aged between two and three months, divided into three groups: 1) twenty lactents under exclusive breastfeeding; 2) twenty lactents under breast and bottle fed and 3) twenty lactents in exclusive breastfeeding with cup use. Electromyography was realized with surface electrodes during infant feeding. The statistical test utilized was Krushal-Wallis complemented with multiple comparisons between pairs of groups and the level of significance of all discussions was 5%. It was verified that, initially, in standard of the breastfeeding group was obtained the greatest participation of the temporal muscle, followed by the masseter and with the buccinator presenting the smallest values for amplitude as much as mean muscular contraction, revealing that, in agreement with the literature, in breastfeeding the lactent presents adequate growth of structures and development of Stomatognathic System. From measuring and comparing results of muscular activity of muscles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Na atuação multiprofissional em unidade neonatal, tem-se observado a dificuldade em sistematizar uma avaliação objetiva do comportamento de sucção do bebê e seu desempenho na transição da alimentação láctea, por sonda, para a via oral. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo elaborar e validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um instrumento de avaliação da prontidão do bebê prematuro em iniciar a transição da alimentação gástrica para via oral. Trata-se de estudo metodológico, para o qual elaborou-se o referido instrumento e respectivo guia instrucional, tendo por base a revisão de literatura e a experiência profissional da pesquisadora, que atribuiu escores de 0 a 2 para cada sinal clínico e desempenho do prematuro a ser avaliado. Para validação do instrumento e guia instrucional, estabeleceu-se grau de concordância mínimo de 85%, participando como juízes, fonoaudiólogos com ampla experiência na área de Neonatologia Atuaram 15 fonoaudiólogos na primeira etapa e 14 na segunda, ocasião em que se atingiu a concordância aceitável nos itens do instrumento de avaliação e respectivas definições operacionais contidas no guia instrucional (idade corrigida, estado de consciência, postura global, tônus global, postura dos lábios, postura da língua, reflexo de procura, reflexo de sucção, reflexo de mordida, reflexo de vômito, movimentação da língua, canolamento de língua, movimentação da mandíbula, força de sucção, sucções por pausa, manutenção do ritmo de sucção por pausa, manutenção do estado alerta e sinais de estresse). / Considering the multiprofessional performance in a neonatal unit, we found difficulties in systematizing an objective evaluation of infant sucking and performance in the transition from gavage to oral feeding. Therefore, this study aimed at elaborating and validating the content and appearance of an instrument for the evaluation of preterm infant promptness to begin the transition from gastric to oral feeding. In this methodological study, the author elaborated an instrument and its respective instructional guide based on a literature review and her professional experience, assigning scores from 0 to 2 to each clinical sign and performance of the premature infant. In order to validate the instrument and instructional guide, a 85% minimum level of agreement was established. Oral therapist participated as peers in the validation of the instrument and instructional guide. 15 of them participated in the first phase and 14 in the second one, when the acceptable level of agreement was achieved regarding the items of the evaluation instrument and the operational definitions specified in the instructional guide (corrected age, state of awareness, global posture, global tonus, lips posture, tongue posture, rooting reflex, sucking reflex, biting reflex, gag reflex, tongue movement, jaw movement, sucking power, sucking and pause, maintenance of the rhythm of sucking and pause, maintenance of alert state and stress signs).

Infants of mothers who have received narcotics on a continuous basis during pregnancy are born physically dependent. Drug withdrawal, one of many detrimental effects, is initially the most apparent. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) was originally described as a generalized disorder characterized by signs of central nervous system hyperirritability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, respiratory distress, and a host of vague autonomic manifestations. Recent studies have suggested that these same signs follow withdrawal from other addicting drugs as well. Feeding problems are the most common and important concomitants of neonatal withdrawal, because sucking function is uncoordinated, ineffectual and poorly sustained. Previous studies have shown a natural history of recovery of sucking dysfunction during recovery from NAS. A disposable and practical apparatus for monitoring nutritive sucking behaviour was developed, based on a prototype previously described in the literature. A weighted scoring system which encompasses the full spectrum of withdrawal signs was also designed. No significant difference in sucking rate was observed between normal and NAS babies on day 1 (p=0.8). There was a highly significant difference on day 2 (prO.0001), day 3 (p=0.0005), and day 4 (p=0.006). No significant difference in nutrient consumption was observed between normal and NAS babies on day 1 (p=0.9) and day 2 (p=0.8). A significant difference was observed on day 3 (p=0.006) and day 4 (p=0.03). A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between both sucking rate and nutrient consumption with the classical clinical signs of withdrawal over the first two months of life (r=-0.57, -0.51, respectively). The periodic monitoring of sucking rate of the passively addicted infant provides an objective gauge of the seventy of withdrawal in NAS, eliminating the subjectivity of evaluating changes in clinical signs. Therefore, it is recommended that sucking rate measurements be instituted as a standard guide to the management of withdrawal in these infants. / Medicine, Faculty of / Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of / Graduate

This review of literature was conducted to evaluate research on the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions for use with neonates undergoing minimally invasive skin-breaking procedures. This review primarily focuses on the use of nonnutritive sucking, sweet solutions (such as sucrose, dextrose, etc.), and the synergistic effects of combining these therapies. Research reviewed was limited to peer-reviewed studies written in the English language that evaluated the use of nonnutritive sucking and/or sweet solutions as pain management interventions for neonates (aged 0-1 month) undergoing heel lance or venipuncture. The findings of the studies reviewed support the effiaccy of nonnutritive sucking and the administration of sweet solutions as independent interventions for neonatal pain management, and addditionally indicate that employing these interventions together offers significant synergistic analgesic effects. Further research is required to account for the effects of gestational age and blood-collection method (instrument used) on infant pain. Future studies that focus on the multimodal use of various non-pharmacologic therapies to achieve maximal possible synergistic analgesic effects are indicated. The combined use of nonnutritive sucking and sweet solutions is a simple, inexpensive, effective intervention for managing procedural pain in infants, and nurses should advocate for standardization of this intervention in clinical practice.