Structural barriers can promote discordant action potential (AP) duration alternans, T wave alternans (TWA) and tachyarrhythmia in animal hearts and simulation studies. We hypothesized that heterogeneous scar (gray zone) and dense midwall scar (midwall core) would promote TWA in patients with cardiomyopathy by slowing conduction and uncoupling transmural APs, respectively. Scar core and gray zone were quantified in 40 cardiomyopathy patients using late gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and related to the results of a clinically validated TWA test. The percentages of gray zone, epicardial core and midwall core were greater in the +TWA group, correlated with TWA magnitude and related to a lower heart rate onset for TWA. These specific scar patterns contribute to the genesis and severity of TWA in cardiomyopathy. Greater knowledge of the substrates that promote TWA in cardiomyopathy patients is valuable in determining those at risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias.

Structural barriers can promote discordant action potential (AP) duration alternans, T wave alternans (TWA) and tachyarrhythmia in animal hearts and simulation studies. We hypothesized that heterogeneous scar (gray zone) and dense midwall scar (midwall core) would promote TWA in patients with cardiomyopathy by slowing conduction and uncoupling transmural APs, respectively. Scar core and gray zone were quantified in 40 cardiomyopathy patients using late gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and related to the results of a clinically validated TWA test. The percentages of gray zone, epicardial core and midwall core were greater in the +TWA group, correlated with TWA magnitude and related to a lower heart rate onset for TWA. These specific scar patterns contribute to the genesis and severity of TWA in cardiomyopathy. Greater knowledge of the substrates that promote TWA in cardiomyopathy patients is valuable in determining those at risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias.

Bakgrund: Att vara med om en oväntad död kan för närstående innebära en livskris och för en sjuksköterska kan mötet som uppstår i samband med detta vara svårt att hantera. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa upplevelser i mötet mellan närstående och sjuksköterska i samband med att en person oväntat har avlidit. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på kvalitativa artiklar har genomförts. Resultat: Resultatet innefattar närståendes upplevelser och under den kategorin ingår subkategorierna lång väntan och önskan om information samt vänlighet och trygghet och under kategorin sjuksköterskans upplevelser ingår följande subkategorier osäkerhet, rädsla och oro; behov av att få vara hos de närstående; otillräcklighet och ovisshet samt tidsbrist. Diskussion: Utebliven information skapar oro och osäkerhet hos närstående, brist på tid ökar känsla av stress hos sjuksköterskor och osäkerhet hos sjuksköterskor i mötet påverkar närståendes trygghet och tillit. / Background: To be part of an unexpected death can for the relatives lead to a life crisis and the situation that occurs can for the nurse be difficult to handle. Aim: The aim was to highlight the experiences of the encounter between relative and nurse in connection with an unexpected death. Method: A literature review based on qualitative studies. Result: The result presents the relatives’ experiences of the encounter and includes long wait and wish for information and friendliness and security. The result also present the nurse’s experience of the encounter and includes uncertainty, fear and anxiety; a need of being present; inadequacy and uncertainty and lack of time. Discussion: No information creates anxiety and uncertainty among relatives, lack of time increases the feeling of stress in nurses and uncertainty among nurses affects relatives’ feelings of security and trust.

No description available.

AIM: The aim of this research was to describe how the health professionals manage sudden/abrupt deaths in the ED and to foster change in current practice by involving the clients (dead or dying clients and their families) and the health professionals. METHOD: Action research was the approach used in this four year research project, and co-researchers (nurses) from three Level I ED's in KwaZulu-Natal were actively involved in shaping and guiding the project. The participants involved in the research were health professionals, bereaved families and mortuary staff members. FINDINGS: An intervention model, the Dealing with Sudden Death Model, was developed in order to guide the therapeutic management of sudden/abrupt deaths in ED's. Along with this was the development of the family pamphlet, the Preparation Checklist and the Incident Evaluation Checklist. Following the implementation of this model the health professionals emphasized the fact that this model provided guidance and meaning to the care rendered to the dead or dying client, the bereaved families and fellow colleagues. The Dealing with Sudden Death Model had resulted in a production of knowledge and planned changes in the management of sudden/abrupt deaths in the ED's. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.

No description available.

Quantum entanglement is widely renounced as one of the most fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics. Such phenomenon exhibit non-local interaction properties which cannot be explained classically. In this thesis, we address a number of problems associated with creating, transferring and engineering of entanglement between two separate parties. The work is motivated by a desire to better understand the dynamics of entanglement between systems. In particular, the research is mainly focused on the study of the dynamics of the well known maximally entangled Bell state under different influences such as decoherence and inter-qubit coupling. We show the connection between coherence and entanglement using the system sub jected to decoherence. We also confirm the transfer of entanglement between completely isolated partite using the double Jaynes-Cummings model. Based on this result, we propose a new conservation criterion proven to be general for single excitation systems. Such conservation criterion are then compared and extended to a general N qubit systems. In addition, an attempt is made to evaluate entanglement conservation rules for the EPR- like multipartite entanglement. We also describe a new technique for solving entanglement in the top-down way ignoring physical setup.

Quantum entanglement is widely renounced as one of the most fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics. Such phenomenon exhibit non-local interaction properties which cannot be explained classically. In this thesis, we address a number of problems associated with creating, transferring and engineering of entanglement between two separate parties. The work is motivated by a desire to better understand the dynamics of entanglement between systems. In particular, the research is mainly focused on the study of the dynamics of the well known maximally entangled Bell state under different influences such as decoherence and inter-qubit coupling. We show the connection between coherence and entanglement using the system sub jected to decoherence. We also confirm the transfer of entanglement between completely isolated partite using the double Jaynes-Cummings model. Based on this result, we propose a new conservation criterion proven to be general for single excitation systems. Such conservation criterion are then compared and extended to a general N qubit systems. In addition, an attempt is made to evaluate entanglement conservation rules for the EPR- like multipartite entanglement. We also describe a new technique for solving entanglement in the top-down way ignoring physical setup.

Quantum entanglement is widely renounced as one of the most fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics. Such phenomenon exhibit non-local interaction properties which cannot be explained classically. In this thesis, we address a number of problems associated with creating, transferring and engineering of entanglement between two separate parties. The work is motivated by a desire to better understand the dynamics of entanglement between systems. In particular, the research is mainly focused on the study of the dynamics of the well known maximally entangled Bell state under different influences such as decoherence and inter-qubit coupling. We show the connection between coherence and entanglement using the system sub jected to decoherence. We also confirm the transfer of entanglement between completely isolated partite using the double Jaynes-Cummings model. Based on this result, we propose a new conservation criterion proven to be general for single excitation systems. Such conservation criterion are then compared and extended to a general N qubit systems. In addition, an attempt is made to evaluate entanglement conservation rules for the EPR- like multipartite entanglement. We also describe a new technique for solving entanglement in the top-down way ignoring physical setup.

The grief experienced by the bereaved next of kin after a sudden death can result in both physiological and psychological outcomes. The nurse is often faced with the acute crisis that may arise. The meeting with dying patients is emotionally stressful for the nurse, who may experience a disbelief in their own capacity. The aim of the study was to highlight the nurse’s experiences of meeting with the next of kin after a sudden death. A literature review based on five studies with qualitative design and four with quantitative design. Searches were made in the databases CINAHL Complete, PubMed and Nursing & Allied Health Source. Coping strategies and the concept of health were used as theoretical frameworks. The results consist of five themes. The nurse’s experienced role in the meeting with next of kin which showed that the majority of the nurses experienced the meeting with the bereaved next of kin as their responsibility. Emotional stress of the meeting was for example helplessness, stress, failure and guilt. Fear of the next of kin’s possible reactions meant the nurses fear for the reaction from the next of kin. The experience of education and lack of knowledge were considered as an important foundation in the meeting with the next of kin, and The experience of lack of resources that showed a lack of resources and guidelines. Stress and other external factors may affect nurses’ health negatively; the use of different coping strategies can assist the nurse in affectively handling such stress. The nurse is required to be in good health to adequately meet the next of kin and their needs. Training in and knowledge of the meeting with the next of kin can contribute positively towards the nurse’s well-being. / Närstående som drabbas av en smärtsam förlust till följd av ett plötsligt dödsfall upplever sorg, vilket kan resultera i både fysiologiska och psykologiska besvär. Sjuksköterskan är ofta den som möter närstående i den akuta krisen som kan uppstå. Sjuksköterskan upplever mötet med döende patienter som emotionellt påfrestande och kan uppleva en misstro på sin kapacitet. Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskans upplevelser av mötet med närstående vid plötsligt dödsfall. En litteraturöversikt baserad på nio vetenskapliga studier, fem av kvalitativ design och fyra av kvantitativ design. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL Complete, PubMed och Nursing & Allied Health Source. Copingstrategier och begreppet hälsa användes som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Resultatet består av fem teman. Sjuksköterskans upplevda roll i mötet med närstående där det framkom att sjuksköterskorna upplevde mötet med de plötsligt sörjande närstående som deras ansvarsområde. Emotionella påfrestningar i mötet som exempelvis var hjälplöshet, stress och skuld. Rädslan för närståendes eventuella reaktioner som innebar en rädsla för reaktionen från de närstående. Upplevelsen av bristande utbildning och kunskap som ansågs vara en viktig grund i mötet med närstående och Upplevelsen av bristande resurser som visade på bristande resurser och riktlinjer. Stress och yttre påfrestningar kan påverka sjuksköterskans hälsa negativt och för att hantera detta kan olika copingstrategier användas. För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna möta de närstående på ett adekvat sätt krävs det att hen upplever hälsa. Utbildning och kunskap om mötet med närstående kan bidra positivt till sjuksköterskans välbefinnande och hälsa.