This study examined how and why practitioners in the modern construction industry sought information as part of their everyday work activities. A grounded theory methodology was utilized to identify the main problem and how it was resolved by the participants. The main problem was determined to be the ability to seek accurate information efficiently and effectively. A theory termed wayfinding was developed and described through interviews with 24 current constructors.These constructors were theoretically sampled from many segments of the construction industry, including construction management, general contracting, and subcontracting. Both genders and a variety of positions were sampled, and the constructors' work experience ranged from a few months to several decades. Relevant literature was incorporated from pertinent fields including urban planning, which developed the term wayfinding; architecture and interior design; and computer science. The current construction industry and its information-seeking process were detailed, including the overriding issue of time and its impact on construction.The research indicated that there were three main categories of the theory: reasons for wayfinding, wayfinding tools and methods, and types of wayfinders. wayfinding was employed by constructors for five reasons: to clarify, confirm, source, prepare, and manage risk. Clarifying, sourcing, and preparing were all found to be common reasons for information-seeking, with confirming and managing risk less frequently encountered. The tools and methods used included print sources, Internet resources, networking, branching/filtering, and cost-saving. Networking was the preferred technique, with branching/filtering and cost-saving being employed only by experienced constructors. Familiarity with the process differentiated the novice from the experienced constructor and was not solely based on the number of years' work experience. Novice constructors used physical proximity as a criterion when selecting a source of information, and selected methods purposively to avoid embarrassment.Implications of wayfinding for the practitioner and construction organization were presented. Implications in other fields were discussed for education, architecture and interior design, and technology. Problems with wayfinding included the inherent inefficiency of the design/construction system and a lack of training. Potential changes were also introduced, including technology and contractual relationships. Recommendations were made for current constructors, including novices and experienced practitioners. / Department of Educational Studies

Housing projects are amongst the South African (SA) Government’s major focus points with reference to budgeting for its financial years. The delivery of these housing projects is taking place at a slower rate than anticipated due to the problems experienced in the processes involved in their management. The project management shortcomings are a major setback with reference to the delivery of houses to the communities. It is, however, stated by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) that every South African citizen has a right to housing and that the Local Government, as the closest entity to communities, must do whatever it possibly can to ensure timeous service delivery to its communities. The objective of this research is to ascertain the nature and extent of project management problems experienced by municipal project managers, the impact thereof and potential solutions to the identified problems. The study is intended to advise on possible ways to address project management problems arising during the implementation of housing projects in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) through investigation and analysis of information gathered in both theory and practice. Project management is a process of controlling the achievement of project objectives through the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques. For a housing project the main objective is to deliver safe, quality houses on time and within budget. Problems which hinder the delivery of housing projects relate to cost, time and the quality of housing projects delivered. The fact that these key project objectives are not met needs to be addressed urgently in order to improve the housing delivery. The literature reviewed and the feedback from the surveys; indicate that these problems have a vast impact on housing projects. The survey also reveals that it is not only housing Project Managers (PMs) that are unable to perform well, but also other parties involved in the project management of housing projects and which play a great role in project management failures of housing projects. Some of these parties are consultants and contractors. The lack of performance by project managers affects the delivery of houses negatively in the NMBM.

Current planning and scheduling techniques are carried out in an unstructured form with considerable reliance on planners judgement, imagination and intuition. The final product of such techniques is typically a lengthy textural and tabular report and/or symbolic network. This serves as an abstract rather than visual modeling of the real construction process. The availability of advanced computer hardware and software allows us, today, to develop new planning and scheduling techniques to overcome the current limitations. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is a computing system which makes extensive use of computer graphics. The use of CAD systems in construction presents a great opportunity for integrating engineering and construction processes in a more cost effective way. The combination of computer graphics, animation, and 3D computer modeling can be extremely effective for real-time simulation and visualization to support engineering and construction from the conceptual design to the construction process. This thesis presents a new planning and scheduling system. The system combines a construction scheduling network with 3D computer models to form a Visual Scheduling Simulation (VSS) of the construction process. The VSS system simulates, or put into motion, construction activities so they can be viewed at a graphics display. The VSS system allows the user to view the actual and planned construction sequence. The user has the option to view either: planned schedule; actual schedule; or both schedules shown side by side for quick visual comparison. The user has the option to visually simulate the entire construction project, or any specified time period. This simulation can be viewed for a partial segment or the entire configuration of the project. / Master of Science

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-04T11:46:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioelivalpereira.pdf: 477257 bytes, checksum: a8a15ece25a2755a00b65795f38a042b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T01:51:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioelivalpereira.pdf: 477257 bytes, checksum: a8a15ece25a2755a00b65795f38a042b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T01:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioelivalpereira.pdf: 477257 bytes, checksum: a8a15ece25a2755a00b65795f38a042b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar como se dá o apoio da Superintendência Escolar aos gestores das escolas estaduais no município de Iguatu, no Ceará. O estudo foi realizado com cinco escolas e com os superintendentes escolares que realizam o acompanhamento da gestão desde a implantação do projeto, em meados de 2008. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, foram realizadas entrevistas com os diretores, superintendentes e com a gestora do projeto na SEDUC. Elas foram elaboradas, seguindo o modelo de roteiro semiestruturado, para a melhor organização e sistematização da coleta das informações. No início do trabalho, pude estabelecer hipóteses de que, com a implantação da Superintendência Escolar no acompanhamento dessas escolas, a gestão foi fortalecida e os diretores passaram a ver o superintendente como um parceiro na condução dos processos gerenciais, fortalecendo, assim, a autonomia dos gestores das escolas iguatuenses. Diante disso, foi apresentada, primeiramente, uma descrição do projeto no estado do Ceará, suas origens, ações e competências dos superintendentes. Esses dados estão presentes no primeiro capítulo, no qual apresento ainda o quadro da situação das escolas no município. No segundo capítulo, exponho a bibliografia utilizada e os depoimentos dos atores envolvidos na pesquisa, a saber: a gestora do projeto na SEDUC e os superintendentes escolares e diretores das cinco escolas pesquisadas. Apresento, também, a fundamentação teórica, com apoio de autores como Lück (2006, 2009 e 2010), Mintzberg (2010), Dourado (2007) e Souza (2009), os quais tratam de autonomia escolar, liderança do gestor e eficácia nas escolas. Finalmente, no terceiro capítulo, mostro o Plano de Ação Educacional – PAE –, com propostas de intervenção para que a Superintendência Escolar possa superar suas dificuldades de execução, principalmente aquelas relacionadas às visitas às escolas. Pude constatar com a pesquisa que essa contribuiu muito para a autonomia das escolas, a parceria escola-CREDE-SEDUC e a liderança dos gestores das instituições analisadas. Mesmo assim, ainda percebo que algumas ações precisam ser melhoradas para que o projeto seja mais eficiente. / This educational action plan aims analyses how is the support of school superintendence for school managers for state high school in the municipality of Iguatu. The study was performed with five schools and school superintendents who carry out the school management accompaniment since mid 1998. Beyond research on the topic, it was performed interviews with principals, experts and project school manager in SEDUC. The interviews followed a semi-structured guide to better organize the information collection. To start research we were able to establish hypotheses that with the implantation of educational superintendence acting in the accompaniment these schools, the school management was strengthened and the principals began to see superintendent as a partner in the conduct of management process thus strengthening the autonomy of the schools of municipality. Before this, firstly it was presented a project description in the Ceará state, its origins, its actions and competencies of superintendents. These information are present in the first chapter, where we present further the chart of situation of municipality schools. In the second chapter we will bring the bibliographic consulted and the testimonies of those involved in research: project schools manager in SEDUC, school experts and principals of the five schools surveyed. Still we will present the theoretical basis with authors ‘support like Lück (2006, 2009 and 2010), Mintzberg(2010), Dourado(2007) and Souza(2009), which dealt school autonomy, leadership of the school manager, and effectiveness in schools. Finally in chapter 3, we will approach the educational action plan – PAE, with intervention proposal for school superintendence can overcome its execution difficulties mainly related school visits. We could see from the research that the school superintendence contributed much to the autonomy of schools, partnership SCHOOL-CREDE-SEDUC and to leadership of school managers institutions surveyed. Nevertheless, we realized that some actions need to be improved for the project achieves a better efficiency.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi, principalmente, analisar as transformações ocorridas no espaço mato-grossense, sob a égide do planejamento e intervenção da SUDECO. O sustentáculo teórico-discursivo para as elaborações programáticas e para as ações empreendidas foi o desenvolvimentismo e a racionalização. O espaço mato-grossense, até 1979, constituía-se no Estado de Mato Grosso, tendo consolidado, no processo de ocupação e intervenção promovido pela Superintendência, diversidades e semelhanças que foram identificadas e transformadas em argumentação científica e política de planejamento para a divisão administrativa que resultou na criação dos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Mato Grosso. Os anos oitenta, para o oeste brasileiro, e principalmente, para o espaço mato-grossense (já dividido em MS e MT) consubstanciou-se como um período de grandes transformações sócio-espaciais. A SUDECO implementou o projeto de "venda" da região sob sua jurisdição - a Nova Fronteira e a "Região Solução" - atrelado à idéia de industrialização das matérias-primas regionais produzidas – agroindústrias -, no sentido de exportar produtos semi-acabados e não apenas in natura. Os limites do modelo e a crise do planejamento e intervenção governamental tornaram-se agudas, nos anos 90, no interior do processo de enfraquecimento do Estado-Nação e do projeto desenvolvimentista. Trata-se agora, de promover um "novo padrão de desenvolvimento", proposto no contexto de um limite possível de recursos e vinculado à problemática ambiental mundial que cria/alimenta uma indústria ambiental e o desenvolvimento sustentável, como um novo discurso ideológico, retomando alguns conceitos e intenções como: disparidades regionais, desenvolvimento e fomento à iniciativa privada. / The main aim of this work was to analyse the changes occurred in the mato-grosso space under the planning aegis and the SUDECO intervention. The theoretical-discursive support for the programmatic elaboration and for the actions taken were the "developmentism" and rationalization. Until 1979, the mato-grosso space constituted itself in the State of Mato Grosso and it has consolidated – among the occupation and intervention process promoted by the Superintendence – diversities and similarities which were identified and changed into a scientific and political planning argument for the administrative division. This latter has resulted in the creation of the Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso states. The eighties is known as period of great socio-spatial changes for the west Brazilian people and, mainly, for the mato-grosso space, which was already divided into Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. SUDECO has implanted the "selling project" for these regions under its jurisdiction: the New Frontier and the "Solution Region". This project is closely linked to the idea of industrialization of the regional raw material – agroindustries – which are produced in order to export semi-finished products and not only in natura. The model limits, the planning crisis and gubernatorial intervention had much more importance during the nineties in the interior of the enfeeblement process of the Nation-State and of the developing project. Nowadays, it deals with promoting a "new development standard". This new standard was proposed within a possible resource limit and bonded to the global environmental problems which devise the environmental industry and the sustainable development as a new ideological argument. This argument recaptures concepts and intentions: the development, the integration focal points and the encouragement to the free enterprise.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi, principalmente, analisar as transformações ocorridas no espaço mato-grossense, sob a égide do planejamento e intervenção da SUDECO. O sustentáculo teórico-discursivo para as elaborações programáticas e para as ações empreendidas foi o desenvolvimentismo e a racionalização. O espaço mato-grossense, até 1979, constituía-se no Estado de Mato Grosso, tendo consolidado, no processo de ocupação e intervenção promovido pela Superintendência, diversidades e semelhanças que foram identificadas e transformadas em argumentação científica e política de planejamento para a divisão administrativa que resultou na criação dos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Mato Grosso. Os anos oitenta, para o oeste brasileiro, e principalmente, para o espaço mato-grossense (já dividido em MS e MT) consubstanciou-se como um período de grandes transformações sócio-espaciais. A SUDECO implementou o projeto de "venda" da região sob sua jurisdição - a Nova Fronteira e a "Região Solução" - atrelado à idéia de industrialização das matérias-primas regionais produzidas – agroindústrias -, no sentido de exportar produtos semi-acabados e não apenas in natura. Os limites do modelo e a crise do planejamento e intervenção governamental tornaram-se agudas, nos anos 90, no interior do processo de enfraquecimento do Estado-Nação e do projeto desenvolvimentista. Trata-se agora, de promover um "novo padrão de desenvolvimento", proposto no contexto de um limite possível de recursos e vinculado à problemática ambiental mundial que cria/alimenta uma indústria ambiental e o desenvolvimento sustentável, como um novo discurso ideológico, retomando alguns conceitos e intenções como: disparidades regionais, desenvolvimento e fomento à iniciativa privada. / The main aim of this work was to analyse the changes occurred in the mato-grosso space under the planning aegis and the SUDECO intervention. The theoretical-discursive support for the programmatic elaboration and for the actions taken were the "developmentism" and rationalization. Until 1979, the mato-grosso space constituted itself in the State of Mato Grosso and it has consolidated – among the occupation and intervention process promoted by the Superintendence – diversities and similarities which were identified and changed into a scientific and political planning argument for the administrative division. This latter has resulted in the creation of the Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso states. The eighties is known as period of great socio-spatial changes for the west Brazilian people and, mainly, for the mato-grosso space, which was already divided into Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. SUDECO has implanted the "selling project" for these regions under its jurisdiction: the New Frontier and the "Solution Region". This project is closely linked to the idea of industrialization of the regional raw material – agroindustries – which are produced in order to export semi-finished products and not only in natura. The model limits, the planning crisis and gubernatorial intervention had much more importance during the nineties in the interior of the enfeeblement process of the Nation-State and of the developing project. Nowadays, it deals with promoting a "new development standard". This new standard was proposed within a possible resource limit and bonded to the global environmental problems which devise the environmental industry and the sustainable development as a new ideological argument. This argument recaptures concepts and intentions: the development, the integration focal points and the encouragement to the free enterprise.

En la actualidad las empresas están en constante crecimiento y necesitan del apoyo de herramientas tecnológicas para actualizarse y seguir vigentes en el mercado. Al respecto, hemos identificado que el proceso de declaración de impuestos es la columna vertebral de casi todas las empresas formales y constituidas, las cuales están obligadas a esta clase de tributación y muchas de ellas son las microempresas que no cuentan con mucha experiencia, por ello surge la necesidad de poder realizar esta delegación a un personal capacitado. Sin embargo, en su gran mayoría esto no suele suceder, ya que no se contrata a este tipo de personal por falta de tiempo o dinero. Para solucionar esta problemática, se creó Tributa.Ya, un aplicativo móvil que ayudará a los microempresarios a declarar y pagar impuestos de una manera rápida y sencilla. Además, Tributa.Ya te brinda las opciones de cronogramas de pagos y asesorías con el propósito de hacer crecer los emprendimientos. Al culminar el periodo operacional de Tributa.Ya Va ser rentable, ya que, en base a los indicadores analizados como el VAN, TIR y PRD, se sabe que el valor actual neto es de S/. 419,649, el periodo de recupero de la inversión de tres años y una tasa interna de retorno de 146%. En base a estos indicadores nos permiten afirmar que nuestro proyecto es viable y dará una alta rentabilidad a los inversionistas, por lo que concluimos que va ser recomendable invertir en Tributa.Ya. / Currently, companies are constantly growing and need the support of technological tools to update themselves and remain current in the market. In this regard, we have identified that the tax filing process is the backbone of almost all formal and incorporated companies, which are obliged to this type of taxation and many of them are micro-companies that do not have much experience, therefore The need arises to be able to carry out this delegation to a trained staff. However, for the most part this does not usually happen, since this type of staff is not hired due to lack of time or money. To solve this problem, Tributa.Ya was created, a mobile application that will help micro entrepreneurs to declare and pay taxes quickly and easily. In addition, Tributa.Ya already offers you the options of payment schedules and consultancies with the purpose of making businesses grow. At the end of Tributa.Ya operational period, it will already be profitable, since, based on the indicators analyzed such as the NPV, IRR and PRD, it is known that the net present value is S/ 437,921.06. the payback period of the investment of two years and an internal rate of return of 131.22%. Based on these indicators, they allow us to affirm that our project is viable and will give investors a high return, so we conclude that it will be advisable to invest in Tributa.Ya. / Trabajo de investigación

The thesis deals with French sculptors and painters active around 1700 at the Royal Palace in Stockholm. They were summoned from Paris by the architect Nicodemus Tessin the younger (1654–1728). This study analyses the Frenchmen’s professional roles, how Tessin organised their work and the working methods applied in the decoration of the Gallery of Charles XI and the adjoining parade rooms. It also involves questions concerning the artist’s roles and the status of artistic professions at the early modern period. The artisans were a group of some fifteen sculptors, painters, founders and a goldsmith. Several of them were accompanied by family members, some of whom were active in the workshop. In France these sculptors and painters had worked in the Bâtiments du Roi  and particularly at the Gobelins. Although they were not part of the artistic elite at the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture they had vital knowledge in classical pattern/design, le bon goût and drawing. The artisans were also members of the guild system and were thus permitted to accept private commissions. My aim has been to clarify the artisans’ background in Paris and the recruitment undertaken by the diplomat Daniel Cronström (1655–1719). With regard to their activities in Sweden, it has been important to clarify their conditions in the building organisation at the Royal Palace, including social contexts such as their family situation and the possibility to practise their Catholic faith. Equally important is the professional relationship between the Frenchmen and Tessin, who was appointed Superintendent in 1697. Through detailed archival studies, the working practices and the creative process are analysed, especially the collaboration between Tessin and the painter Jacques Foucquet and the sculptors René Chauveau (1663–1722) and Jacques Foucquet (1639–1731).