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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. February 2015. / We explore the non-perturbative physics of giant gravitons in type IIB string theory on the AdS5 ⇥ S5 background in this thesis. The gauge theory dual is N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory with a U(N) gauge group. We diagonalise the one and two-loop dilatation operators acting on the restricted Schur polynomial basis. These operators are dual to a system of giant gravitons with strings attached. Hence, we present evidence for integrability in certain non-planar sectors of the gauge theory. In the second half of the thesis, we turn our focus to N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory with an SO(N) gauge group. In this case, the geometry of the dual gravity theory is AdS5 ⇥RP5. The non-planar physics of the SO(N) theory is distinct from that of the U(N) theory. To pursue the goal of searching for non-planar integrability in the SO(N) gauge theory, one might try to generalise the restricted Schur basis to the SO(N) case. We propose such a basis and evaluate their two-point functions exactly in the free theory. Further, we develop techniques to compute correlation functions of multi-trace operators involving two scalar fields exactly. Lastly, we extend these results to the theory with an Sp(N) gauge group.

Explored in this report is the essential interconnectedness of Grand Unified and String Theoretic Phenomenology. In order to extract a modeled connection to low-energy physics from the context of superstring theory, it is presently necessary to input some preferred region of parameter space in which to search. This need may be well filled by a parallel study of Grand Unification, which is by contrast in immediate proximity to a wealth of experimental data. The favored GUT so isolated may then reasonably transfer this phenomenological correlation to a string embedding, receiving back by way of trade a greater sense of primary motivation, and potentially enhanced predictability for parameters taken as input in a particle physics context. The Flipped SU(5) GUT will be our preferred framework in which to operate and first receives an extended study in a non-string derived setting. Of particularly timely interest are predictions for super-particle mass ranges and the interrelated question of proton decay lifetime. Corrections to such a picture under the lift to a string embedding are also considered. Two principal approaches to string model building are next treated in turn: the Heterotic Free Fermionic construction and Intersecting D-branes in Orientifold compactifications. In both contexts, a summary of existing constructions, extensions to known procedures, and original phenomenological contributions are described.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Physics and Astronomy." Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-172).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 346-357).

Submitted by MATHEUS LOSS LIZE (matheuslize@icloud.com) on 2018-06-25T14:57:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis Final.pdf: 1131929 bytes, checksum: a010126b1d56e2526a965d0e67aed302 (MD5) / Rejected by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: - título e titulo alternativo estão em inglês. Título alternativo, neste caso, deve ser em português. Por favor, utilize maiúscula apenas na palavra inicial do titulo e em caso de siglas ou nomes próprio - Seu nome foi preenchido Loss Lize, Matheus. Loss é o sobrenome do seu pai? A entrada deve ser pelo sobrenome do pai. Acho que no seu caso, o correto seria Lize, Matheus Loss on 2018-06-29T17:55:18Z (GMT) / Submitted by MATHEUS LOSS LIZE (matheuslize@icloud.com) on 2018-06-29T18:23:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis Final.pdf: 1131929 bytes, checksum: a010126b1d56e2526a965d0e67aed302 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br) on 2018-06-29T18:45:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lize_ml_dr_ift.pdf: 1131929 bytes, checksum: a010126b1d56e2526a965d0e67aed302 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T18:45:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lize_ml_dr_ift.pdf: 1131929 bytes, checksum: a010126b1d56e2526a965d0e67aed302 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Neste trabalho revisamos as amplitudes de MHV no contexto da teoria de super-Yang-Mills. Nós estudamos as simetrias das amplitudes de MHV no espaço de twistors como uma motivação para introduzir a teoria de cordas com twistors . A teoria de cordas com twistors feita por Nathan Berkovits [3] é revisada e uma fórmula geral é dada para calcular amplitudes de espalhamento com n gluons. No final, a partir desta fórmula deduzimos a amplitude de MHV. / In this work we review the maximal helicity violating (MHV) scattering amplitude in the context of super-Yang-Mills theory. We study the symmetries of the MHV amplitude in the twistor space as a motivation to introduce the twistor string theory. The twistor string action introduced by Nathan Berkovits [3] is reviewed and also a general formula is given for the scattering amplitude with n gluons. In the end, the MHV amplitude is derived from this formula. / CNPq: 132620/2015-4.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:32:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 azevedo_tac_me_ift.pdf: 373974 bytes, checksum: 6a2336bc24ee4aed68e9d75a6f8dc9d1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A correspondência AdS/CFT, da forma como foi conjecturada por Maldacena, sugere uma equivalência notável entre duas teorias aparentemente não relacionadas, quais sejam uma teoria de supercordas tipo IIB em um background AdS5 × S5 e uma teoria de super Yang–Mills (SYM) em quatro dimensões maximalmente supersimétrica(N = 4). Nesta dissertação, estudamos a relação entre o espectro da teoria de supergravidade tipo IIB em AdS5 × S5 (limite de baixas energias da teoria de supercordas mencionada acima) e a família de operadores invariantes degauge em N = 4 SYM descrita em [P. Howe, P. West, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 14 (1999) 2659] através do uso de um superespaço harmônico, tendo como base principal o artigo [P. Heslop, P. Howe, Phys. Lett. B 502 (2001) 259]. Fazemos ainda uma revisão do formalismo de cosets, que é amplamente utilizado neste trabalho / The AdS/CFT correspondence, as conjectured by Maldacena, suggests a remarkable equivalence between two apparently unrelated theories, namely a type IIB superstring theory on an AdS5 ×S5 background and a maximally supersymmetric (N = 4) super Yang–Mills (SYM) theory in four dimensions. In this dissertation, we study the relation between the spectrum of the type IIB supergravity theory on AdS5 × S5 (low-energy limit of the superstring theory mentioned above) and the family of gauge-invariant operators inN = 4 SYM described in [P. Howe, P. West, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 14 (1999) 2659] by making use of a harmonic superspace, mostly based on [P. Heslop, P. Howe, Phys. Lett.B502 (2001) 259]. Moreover, we review the coset space formalism, which is largely used in the present work

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-10. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:48:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829227.pdf: 485437 bytes, checksum: 7f57863b157a2d61889c9f3a0b866d79 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nesta tese serão analisados dois problemas relacionados a espaços do tipo AdS4×M. Na primeira parte, será discutida a ambiguidade no cálculo da correção da energia em 1-loop para a corda girando no espaço AdS4 ×CP3, através de um método anteriormente utilizado na resolução de um problema similar no caso do kink em quatro dimensões na teoria de campos. Na segunda parte será estudada a deformação de um buraco negro no espaço AdS4 ×S7. Através de um paradigma de membrana, será realizado o cálculo da condutividade no modelo de GinzburgLandau por meio da dualidade AdS-matéria condensada (AdS/CMT), desenvolvida recentemente. / In this thesis we will analyze two problems for backgrounds of the type AdS4 × M. In the first part, we will discuss the ambiguities in the computation of the 1-loop correction for the energy of spinning strings on AdS4 ×CP3, using a method that solved the problem on the four dimensional kink in field theory. In the second part we will study the deformation of a black hole in AdS4 ×S7, and use a membrane paradigm-like calculation to obtain the conductivity on the Ginzburg-Landau model via the AdS-condensed matter duality (AdS/CMT), that has been recently developed. / CAPES: 33015015001P7

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Orientador: Horatiu Stefan Nastase / Banca: Nathan Jacob Berkovits / Banca: Diego Trancanelli / Banca: Victor de Oliveira Rivelles / Banca: Ion Vasile Vancea / Resumo: Nesta tese serão analisados dois problemas relacionados a espaços do tipo AdS4×M. Na primeira parte, será discutida a ambiguidade no cálculo da correção da energia em 1-loop para a corda girando no espaço AdS4 ×CP3, através de um método anteriormente utilizado na resolução de um problema similar no caso do kink em quatro dimensões na teoria de campos. Na segunda parte será estudada a deformação de um buraco negro no espaço AdS4 ×S7. Através de um paradigma de membrana, será realizado o cálculo da condutividade no modelo de GinzburgLandau por meio da dualidade AdS-matéria condensada (AdS/CMT), desenvolvida recentemente / Abstract:InthisthesiswewillanalyzetwoproblemsforbackgroundsofthetypeAdS4 ×M. In the first part, we will discuss the ambiguities in the computation of the 1-loop correction for the energy of spinning strings on AdS4 ×CP3, using a method that solved the problem on the four dimensional kink in field theory. In the second part we will study the deformation of a black hole in AdS4 ×S7, and use a membrane paradigm-like calculation to obtain the conductivity on the Ginzburg-Landau model via the AdS-condensed matter duality (AdS/CMT), that has been recently developed / Doutor