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Somehow I’m Alive is a collection of short stories that deal with the strange reality of being human. Also included are four chapters from the novel Mount Fang.

Même si le surréalisme au 21ème siècle est généralement jugé comme un mouvement dépassé dont les années les plus actives ont eu lieu dans l'entre-deux-guerres, c'est-à-dire de 1918 à 1939, il y a encore des échos et des rémanences du surréalisme aujourd'hui, longtemps après la fin apparente du mouvement. Le présent travail explore les oeuvres de Louis-René des Forêts, à savoir Le Bavard et La Chambre des enfants, par rapport aux oeuvres surréalistes, à savoir Nadja, le "Manifeste du surréalisme," et L'Amour fou, afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure les composantes du surréalisme telles que le hasard objectif, les attributs de l'esprit conscient et inconscient, l'irrationalité, et le jeu de la fiction et de la réalité font encore écho et restent présentes dans les oeuvres littéraires à présent. Les résultats de cette analyse indiquent que les oeuvres littéraires fictives d'aujourd'hui sont largement imprégnées de nombreuses composantes surréalistes dans certains cas directement et dans d'autres cas indirectement. / Master of Arts / Although Surrealism in the 21st century is generally considered to be an outdated movement whose most active years took place in the interwar period from 1918 to 1939, there are still echoes and afterglow of Surrealism today, long after the movement's apparent end. The present work explores the works of Louis-René des Forêts, Le Bavard and La Chambre des enfants, in relation to the Surrealist works, Nadja, le "Manifeste du surréalisme," and L'Amour fou, in order to determine the extent to which components of Surrealism such as objective chance, attributes of the conscious and unconscious mind, irrationality, and the interplay of fiction and reality still echo and remain present in fictional literary works today. The results of this analysis indicate that today's fictional literary works are largely infused with many Surrealist components, in some cases directly and in other cases indirectly.

The story of the collaboration between the psychoanalyst Dr Grace Pailthorpe and the artist Reuben Mednikoff is indeed an extraordinary one. The aim of this thesis is to throw light upon their joint research project between 1935, when they first met, and 1940, when they were expelled from the British Surrealist group with which they had been closely involved since its official launch in 1936. The project that Pailthorpe and Mednikoff plunged into just days after they first met in February 1935 focused on how art could be used as a way of curing mental problems. Paintings and drawings produced ‘automatically’ were used as a means to bring memories to a conscious level. Many personal tensions, obsessions and fears that had lain dormant and repressed were released and detailed commentaries and explanations followed every work they produced in order for the exercise to be fully therapeutic. The aim was to externalise the unconscious and reintegrate it with the conscious. Despite the fact that Pailthorpe’s work was hailed as ‘the best and most truly Surrealist’ by the leader of the Surrealist movement, André Breton, at the 1936 International Surrealist exhibition in London, which brought the movement to Britain, the couple were expelled from the British Surrealist group just four years later and moved to America into relative obscurity. After their deaths, Pailthorpe and Mednikoff’s drawings and paintings were dispersed and their commentaries never read. My thesis provides biographies of Pailthorpe and Mednikoff before they met. It analyses the work they made together, discussing the impact on their thinking not only of Surrealism but also of psychoanalytic theory, notably the work of Melanie Klein. Apart from this, the thesis also reintegrates the couple into the history of Surrealism in England.

Syftet med detta arbete är utifrån litteraturuppgifter samt analys beskriva Salvador Dalis och René Magrittes konstnärliga arbetsmetod, och utifrån detta göra en egen visuell gestaltning. Metoden jag har använt mig utav är litteratur, bildandalys och konstnärliga gestaltningar.Salvador Dalis metod i Minnets beständighet bygger på gränslöshet och fantasi, med tydliga semiotiska inslag. Du som betraktare avgör vad som ses, vill du se målningarna enkelt och bara uppleva det som är målat, eller vill betraktaren sjunka in i en värld av nyskapande, suddiga gränser och bortom alla regler. René Magrittes metod bygger i Människosonen på naturliga och trovärdiga drag, hans målning framstå som verklig fast med en touch av fantasi, med sparsamma drag av semiotik. / The purpose of this work is based on literature data and analysis describing the Salvador Dali and René Magritte's artistic working method, and accordingly make its own visual interpretation. The method I used is out literature, bildandalys and artistic depictions.Salvador Dali's method of memory resistance based on the boundlessness and fantasy, with distinct semiotic elements. You as a viewer decides what is seen, you want to see the paintings simple and just experience what is painted, or want the viewer to sink into a world of innovative, blurred boundaries and beyond all rules. René Magritte's method is based in the Son of man on natural and credible move, his painting appear to be real solid with a touch of fantasy, with sparse features of semiotics.

« L'œil existe à l'état sauvage [...] mais qui dressera l'échelle de la vision ?». Cette question qui ouvre "Le Surréalisme et la peinture", nous fait comprendre combien il est complexe de définir un peintre surréaliste. Le titre de l'ouvrage est d'ailleurs symptomatique: il ne s'agit pas de la peinture surréaliste, mais plutôt du surréalisme et de la peinture. Breton assemble différents peintres dont la vision est proche de la poétique surréaliste, sans jamais préciser comment celle-ci se manifeste dans l'art. Quel est donc l'élément qui peut faire d'une peinture une oeuvre surréaliste ? En focalisant l'attention sur le concept d' «automatisme absolu» énoncé en 1939, ce travail tient à préciser comment, grâce à des précurseurs comme Duchamp, Masson, Ernst, l'automatisme de Breton se tresse avec l'idée exprimée par Matta des "Morphologies psychologiques" résultant en une peinture d'"Inners worlds", qui mènera à l'expressionnisme abstrait américain. Endre Rozsda est parmi les peintres qui choisissent cette voie, Dans "Le Surréalisme et la peinture", son nom est associé à ceux de Dominguez, Matta, Paalen. L'artiste hongrois rejoint le mouvement en 1957. Son œuvre représente un trait d'union entre l'imaginaire enraciné dans son pays d'origine et le surréalisme. Focalisant l'attention sur le contexte historique, cette thèse veut montrer l'importance de l'œuvre de Rozsda, autant dans la culture hongroise que dans l'européenne. Elle étudie les rapports entre Breton et le groupe de l'Ecole européenne et, à travers une documentation inédite, elle analyse les raisons de l'absence d'un mouvement surréaliste officiel à Budapest, montrant comment la peinture d'après-guerre de Rozsda constitue un des rares exemples de surréalisme automatique en Hongrie. / «The eye exists in its privative state. [...] but who is to draw up the scale of vision ?» By the question which initiates "Surrealism and painting", Breton revealed how complex is to provide a definition of a surrealist painter. The book's title itself is symptomatic : Breton did not write about the surrealist painting but about surrealism and painting. He associated different painters who shared a vision close to the surrealist poetic. He never specified how this vision is expressed on art. What is the element that makes a work of art a surrealist work of art ? Focusing on the concept of "absolute automatism", introduced in the 1939, these doctoral studies wish to clarify how the Breton's theory of automatism and the Matta's theory of "Morphological psychologies" are intertwined and led to the surrealist painting of : "lnners worlds" which resulted into the American abstract expressionism. Endre Rozsda is a part of the artistes who had choice this way. On "Surrealism and painting" his name is associate with painters like : Dominguez, Matta, Paalen. The Hungarian artist joined the movernent in the 1957. His work bridged the deep-rooted imaginary world of Hungary and the surrealism. Focusing on the historical context, this thesis wishes to highlight the importance of the Rozsda's art in the Hungarian as well as in the European culture. In addition it investigates on a relationship between Breton and the artists of the European School and it is analyzed, by inedited documentations, the lack of an official surrealist movement in Budapest. Moreover, this work aim to prove how the Rozsda's painting after the Second War World represent a rare example of surrealist automatist Hungarian art.

This thesis argues that the concepts of curiosity and the marvellous resurface at different moments in cultural history, most notably in periods of transition and epistemological uncertainty. The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century ‘culture of curiosity,’ which is characterised by the amateur collector’s engagement with rare and boundary-crossing objects in the process of assembling a cabinet of curiosities, presents a rich contextual foil against which to place the practice of the Surrealists and of some contemporary artists and curators; it has profound resonances for the relationship between modernism and postmodernism, and between art and science. Within modernism, the Surrealists initiated a large-scale, fundamental probing of the principles underlying rationalist thought, and of the categories and hierarchies of academic art and bourgeois taste, which had dominated Western culture since the Enlightenment; and within postmodernism, artists and curators who revert to practices of collecting and appropriate protocols of the natural sciences question institutional frameworks of knowledge production, identity formation and meaning making through material artefacts. In both instances, curiosity and the marvellous – and the related themes of classification and dilettantism – have emerged as especially effective and resonant means of reading dominant culture against the grain. More specifically, this thesis contends that the Surrealist marvellous is rooted in the early modern discourse of the marvellous and monstrous which was characterised by ‘paradoxes of classification.’ This is particularly evident in the Surrealists’ engagement with objects testifying to the natural marvellous and the natural fantastic: stones, coral and insects, among other things and creatures, carry distinctly subversive implications of obscuration, entanglement and excess, metamorphosis and mimicry, and deviation and transgression, straddling the boundaries between art and nature, and art and representation. Furthermore, contemporary artistic and curatorial practice drawing on the ‘age of the marvellous’ – which, in this perspective, extends to Surrealism, with the potential to recur at any time thereafter – is primarily concerned with overcoming ‘white cube’ and Beaux-Arts-Museum historicity, aesthetics and display rationales by reintroducing subjectivity, doubt and digression into the context of the museum and the sciences. In this regard, scepticism towards intellectual certainties and accomplished systems of classification leads to an informed recourse to moments in history when the meanings of objects were being constantly negotiated rather than set in stone.

Photomontage has more to do with film than with any other art form - they have in common the technique of montage. (Sergei Tretyakov) By considering that photomontage and film use the technique of cutting and gluing as dominant artistic device, and that montage, a technique unifying art and technology for the first time, emerged as a dominant artistic feature of the avantgarde, this thesis will explore the ideological and perceptual implications of its advent in avant-garde art and film. The technological advances of the beginning of the twentieth century, and particularly the advent of photography, allowed avantgarde artists to break free from traditional concepts of artistic production – they dispensed with the old criteria of uniqueness, originality, handicraft and personal style. At a time when many avant-garde artists abruptly ceased to paint, photomontage emerged as the privileged locus for a caesura with traditional art forms. Photomontage envisioned film aesthetics insofar as it combines and juxtaposes images of various perspectival planes and angles (Raoul Hausmann described his early photomontages as “motionless moving pictures”). A corresponding observation can be made on the use of montage in cinema, a technique which crucially underpins the illusion of movement created through the succession of photographic stills. The present thesis will investigate photomontage and film in order to examine the effect technological reproduction played in revolutionising artistic production, perception and ideology – where the technique and philosophy of montage was key.