O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a discussão sobre como as organizações podem desenvolver modelos de negócio que promovam a mobilidade urbana sustentável, diante da relevância crescente que as discussões sobre o futuro da mobilidade e das cidades como um todo tem assumido em diversas áreas da ciência. Parte-se da ideia de que a concentração da produção de bens e serviços em grandes centros urbanos tem acentuado cada vez mais o desafio de reduzir a dependência do veículo privado para promover alternativas que promovam a mobilidade sustentável, visto que o uso crescente deste modal trouxe reduções significativas nos padrões de qualidade do deslocamento das pessoas, além de impactar diretamente as funções econômica, ambiental e social das cidades. Nesse contexto, têm emergido diversos atores interessados em desenvolver novos modelos de negócio no campo da mobilidade urbana, expandindo as fronteiras de um setor que anteriormente vinha sendo regido, principalmente, pelas regras da indústria automotiva. No entanto, embora a literatura tenha discutido sobre como cada vez mais modelos de negócios são relevantes diante dos desafios da mobilidade sustentável, menor atenção tem sido dedicada para compreender o que de fato caracteriza um modelo de negócio orientado à mobilidade urbana sustentável. Para preencher essa lacuna de pesquisa, recorreu-se a uma análise tanto da literatura de mobilidade urbana sustentável quanto à de modelos de negócio sustentáveis. A partir do resultado da intersecção entre essas literaturas, foi proposto um modelo conceitual que abrange oito tipologias pelas quais um modelo de negócio pode promover a mobilidade sustentável, além de aspectos que caracterizam esses modelos de forma transversal. O modelo conceitual foi testado empiricamente em seis modelos de negócio alinhados às tipologias definidas, com base em um estudo de casos múltiplos de caráter exploratório. O resultado do estudo de campo evidenciou outras variáveis relevantes que devem ser consideradas na caracterização de modelos de negócio orientados à mobilidade urbana sustentável no contexto brasileiro, além de barreiras associadas ao desenvolvimento dessas iniciativas. Dessa forma, o resultado da pesquisa permitiu enriquecer o modelo conceitual proposto inicialmente com a incorporação de novas dimensões de análise, bem como obter uma perspectiva mais ampla sobre a compreensão de modelos de negócio orientados à mobilidade urbana sustentável. / The objective of this research is to contribute to the discussion about how organizations may develop business models oriented to sustainable urban mobility, given the growing relevance that discussions about the future of mobility and cities have assumed in several areas of knowledge. It is based on the idea that the concentration of the production of goods and services in large urban centers has increasingly accentuated the challenge of reducing dependence on private car use to providing alternatives that promote sustainable mobility, because the use of the previous modal has produced significant reductions in people\'s travel quality standards and has directly affected the economic, environmental, and social functions of cities. In this context, several actors have emerged interested in developing new business models in urban mobility field, expanding frontiers previously dominated exclusively by the automotive industry players. However, although researchers have increasingly examined how business models promote sustainable urban mobility, less attention has been focused on what constitutes business models oriented to sustainable urban mobility. To fill this research gap, a theoretical analysis of sustainable urban mobility and sustainable business models was made. From the result of this literature intersection, a conceptual framework was proposed and organized in eight typologies by which a business model could promote sustainable mobility, besides some aspects that characterize these models in a transversal way. The conceptual framework was empirically tested in six business models aligned to the defined typologies, based on an exploratory multiple case study. The results of the empirical study revealed other relevant variables that should be considered in order to characterize business models oriented to sustainable urban mobility in Brazil context, in addition to some barriers associated with the development of these initiatives. In this way, the research results allowed to enrich the conceptual framework proposed initially with the incorporation of new analysis dimensions, as well as to obtain a broader perspective on how business models can promote sustainable urban mobility.

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to develop and contribute with an improved understanding of socially responsible investing and its barriers within the asset management sector. To accomplish the purpose of this research, four areas have been investigated; sustainability, business models, socially responsible investing, and barriers for socially responsible investing. Method – Since the research aimed to use the existing theory, and at the same time explore and gain understanding within the area of sustainable, or responsible, investments, the research approach had iterative characteristics with theoretical and empirical findings. Therefore, an abductive research approach was chosen. For the gathering of data, a multiple case study was conducted by interviewing people working within asset management companies. For the analysis of the data, constant comparison, multilevel interviews, and thematic analysis were used. Results – First, the results indicate that socially responsible investments have greatly affected the business models for asset management companies, and responsible investments are starting to become more of a hygiene factor than a way of differentiation. Second, the most significant barrier for the increase of responsible investments is preconceptions and lack of knowledge. This barrier is rooted in an underlying issue, that is lack of transparency regarding asset management companies’ investments. Furthermore, the findings indicate that government actions within the market invested in, was not such a grand barrier as presented in the literature. Theoretical contributions – The main theoretical contribution with this research is the identification of the barrier preconceptions and lack of knowledge, as this is not highlighted in the literature, but among the asset management companies it was highly significant. By analyzing the findings with an institutional theory lens, it is an understandable behavior as there are no incentives for change, hence the managerial contributions consist of regulations.  Managerial contributions – The practical contributions with this report is the need for reformed regulations in the industry where asset management companies are operating, in order to increase transparency. By seeing the issue through the lens of institutional theory, it is unlikely for self-regulations to happen as the incentives are not great enough. For self-regulation to happen, the agency costs need to surpass the costs for increased responsible investments, as it would generate enough incentives for a change to happen.

O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a discussão sobre como as organizações podem desenvolver modelos de negócio que promovam a mobilidade urbana sustentável, diante da relevância crescente que as discussões sobre o futuro da mobilidade e das cidades como um todo tem assumido em diversas áreas da ciência. Parte-se da ideia de que a concentração da produção de bens e serviços em grandes centros urbanos tem acentuado cada vez mais o desafio de reduzir a dependência do veículo privado para promover alternativas que promovam a mobilidade sustentável, visto que o uso crescente deste modal trouxe reduções significativas nos padrões de qualidade do deslocamento das pessoas, além de impactar diretamente as funções econômica, ambiental e social das cidades. Nesse contexto, têm emergido diversos atores interessados em desenvolver novos modelos de negócio no campo da mobilidade urbana, expandindo as fronteiras de um setor que anteriormente vinha sendo regido, principalmente, pelas regras da indústria automotiva. No entanto, embora a literatura tenha discutido sobre como cada vez mais modelos de negócios são relevantes diante dos desafios da mobilidade sustentável, menor atenção tem sido dedicada para compreender o que de fato caracteriza um modelo de negócio orientado à mobilidade urbana sustentável. Para preencher essa lacuna de pesquisa, recorreu-se a uma análise tanto da literatura de mobilidade urbana sustentável quanto à de modelos de negócio sustentáveis. A partir do resultado da intersecção entre essas literaturas, foi proposto um modelo conceitual que abrange oito tipologias pelas quais um modelo de negócio pode promover a mobilidade sustentável, além de aspectos que caracterizam esses modelos de forma transversal. O modelo conceitual foi testado empiricamente em seis modelos de negócio alinhados às tipologias definidas, com base em um estudo de casos múltiplos de caráter exploratório. O resultado do estudo de campo evidenciou outras variáveis relevantes que devem ser consideradas na caracterização de modelos de negócio orientados à mobilidade urbana sustentável no contexto brasileiro, além de barreiras associadas ao desenvolvimento dessas iniciativas. Dessa forma, o resultado da pesquisa permitiu enriquecer o modelo conceitual proposto inicialmente com a incorporação de novas dimensões de análise, bem como obter uma perspectiva mais ampla sobre a compreensão de modelos de negócio orientados à mobilidade urbana sustentável. / The objective of this research is to contribute to the discussion about how organizations may develop business models oriented to sustainable urban mobility, given the growing relevance that discussions about the future of mobility and cities have assumed in several areas of knowledge. It is based on the idea that the concentration of the production of goods and services in large urban centers has increasingly accentuated the challenge of reducing dependence on private car use to providing alternatives that promote sustainable mobility, because the use of the previous modal has produced significant reductions in people\'s travel quality standards and has directly affected the economic, environmental, and social functions of cities. In this context, several actors have emerged interested in developing new business models in urban mobility field, expanding frontiers previously dominated exclusively by the automotive industry players. However, although researchers have increasingly examined how business models promote sustainable urban mobility, less attention has been focused on what constitutes business models oriented to sustainable urban mobility. To fill this research gap, a theoretical analysis of sustainable urban mobility and sustainable business models was made. From the result of this literature intersection, a conceptual framework was proposed and organized in eight typologies by which a business model could promote sustainable mobility, besides some aspects that characterize these models in a transversal way. The conceptual framework was empirically tested in six business models aligned to the defined typologies, based on an exploratory multiple case study. The results of the empirical study revealed other relevant variables that should be considered in order to characterize business models oriented to sustainable urban mobility in Brazil context, in addition to some barriers associated with the development of these initiatives. In this way, the research results allowed to enrich the conceptual framework proposed initially with the incorporation of new analysis dimensions, as well as to obtain a broader perspective on how business models can promote sustainable urban mobility.

Purpose of the study. This thesis deals with the role of sustainable purpose in the formation of sustainable start-ups. It aims to determine if sustainable purpose was a reason to start a company, what caused the emergence of sustainable purpose within the entrepreneurs, and how this purpose can benefit the enterprise. The study design. The study first defines sustainable purpose by juxtaposing selected concepts, models, and frameworks that aim to harmonize doing business and positive contribution to the planet and people. Based on that, we conducted semi-structured interviews with founders of sustainable start-ups (N=9). These were analysed via a qualitative content analysis and cross evaluation. Major findings. The findings were divided into six major categories. Interviewees contributed knowledge and opinion about their founding motivations, their source of sustainable purpose, how sustainable purpose benefits their business, what their view on sustainability is, what they criticise about today’s business world, and what the characteristics of themselves and their business are. Summary of interpretation. The collected data suggests that sustainable purpose was a reason for entrepreneurs to start a business that positively impacts society and the planet. Impactful life events influenced entrepreneurs to think critically about doing business and contributing to a better world. These impactful life events can be identified as the source of sustainable purpose within entrepreneurs. Lastly, entrepreneurs did identify benefits of having a sustainable purpose.

Research question: How can B2B companies achieve sustainable business models by implementing SDG 8? Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to contribute to the understudied areas within sustainable development. The paper wishes to carry this out by looking into the ways in which business-to-business companies can achieve sustainable business models. The paper aims to study the achievement of sustainable business models via the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 8. Method: An abductive approach was adopted in thematic analysis, starting with data collection from observations and interviews and subsequently identifying emerging codes to establish connections between different data sources. In our exploratory multiple case study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with managers from three B2B companies to address our research question. Conclusion: With the help of prior research and theoretical literature within the field of study, the research conducted presented a number of interesting findings. The study found evidence to suggest that the achievement of sustainable business models is dependent on the inclusion of socio-environmental values into the business model of a company

The thesis focuses on the integration of sustainability in the early stages of startups by developing a new framework. Given the resource constraints and focus on viability, it might be difficult for startups to consider sustainability at these early stages. A literature review revealed a lack of information on this subject. The research investigates the sustainability-related challenges startups face, identifies factors for sustainable business models using expert interviews and literature review. Due to the lack of information related to sustainable early stages start-ups, the author analyses basic principles related to start-ups and sustainability. The author looks into holistic approach to sustainability since a fragmental approach to sustainability risks harming the ecosystem while improving some metrics without systemic overview. Life-centred design is an emerging design approach that focuses on the well-being of all life forms and the health of our planet, thus making a shift from just human-centred design. The life-centred design was taken into consideration since it covers different aspects of sustainability as well as ethics and provides practical guidance for the designing process. Based on literature review and expert interviews the framework was formulated. The developed solution was tested with three early-stage startups, providing practical insights. The author analyses the findings and concludes that start-ups which have sustainability as a core value proposition are already sustainable and their sustainable impacts potentially scales with their product growth. At the same time for these types of start-ups it’s vital to consider additional value for the customer apart from sustainable value. For the start-ups with core value not directly related to sustainability, the sustainability can be embedded within a lean approach and aligning sustainability with their business goals if it doesn't require sacrificing limited resources such as money. Finally, the author suggests tools that raise awareness of participants and can be useful for holistic picture, based on findings during the workshop.

As atividades econômicas e industriais têm crescido de forma significativa, o que por sua vez, traz consequências ao meio ambiente, como a emissão de gases do efeito estufa que agravam o aquecimento global e a utilização desenfreada dos recursos naturais. Nesse cenário, o debate sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável tornou-se parte do cotidiano das organizações governamentais, públicas e privadas. Consequentemente, frente medidas paliativas e insuficientes por parte das organizações, surge a necessidade de implementação de modelos de negócios sustentáveis, que possibilitariam mudanças necessárias para alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em identificar quais os fatores que interferem no processo de implementação de um modelo de negócio sustentável, perpassando pelas dificuldades, mecanismos de sucesso e impactos para a competitividade. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória por meio de um levantamento de dados, sendo utilizado neste caso a estratégia survey, com questionário auto administrado. Os resultados foram divididos entre as barreiras aos modelos de negócios, os mecanismos de sucesso e os impactos do modelo de negócio sustentável para a competitividade. No seu primeiro aspecto, as conclusões trazem resultados relacionados a falta de conhecimento dos profissionais de gestão, assim como a falta de comprometimento da alta gestão, falta de infraestrutura, altos custos de implementação entre outros. No segundo aspecto apresentou resultados correlatos com as características essenciais dos líderes para a implementação de modelo de negócio sustentável, mudança da cultura organizacional por meio da institucionalização da sustentabilidade, estabelecimento de compliance, iniciativa da liderança da organização entre outras. Por fim, os impactos estão vinculados com a melhoria da imagem da organização, assim como valorização das ações no mercado de capitais e aumento da avaliação de rating. Há também impactos na estrutura de custos e fontes de receita da companhia, já que processos mais limpos implicam em custo de investimento mais alto. Tais resultados foram contrapostos com a literatura encontrada para a estruturação do presente trabalho, propondo também novos estudos futuros. / The economic and industrial activities have grown significantly, which has consequences for the environment, such as the emission of greenhouse gases that exacerbate global warming and rampant use of natural resources. In this scenario, the debate on sustainable development has become part of the everyday life in public and private governmental organizations. Consequently, facing palliative measures and insufficient by organizations, the need to implement sustainable business models rises, models that make possible critical changes to achieve sustainable development. With this in view, the aim of this study was to identify the factors that interfere in the implementation of a sustainable business model process, studying the difficulties, successful mechanisms and impacts on competitiveness. To this end, an exploratory qualitative research through a data survey was performed, being used in this case the survey strategy, with a self-administered questionnaire. The results were divided among the barriers to business models, successful mechanisms and impacts of sustainable business model for competitiveness. In its first aspect, the findings results are related to the lack of knowledge of management professionals, as well as a lack of senior management commitment, lack of infrastructure, high implementation costs, among others. In the second aspect presented, the results are related to the essential characteristics of leaders to implement sustainable business model, organizational culture change through the institutionalization of sustainability, compliance of establishment, organization\'s leadership initiative among others. Finally, the impacts are linked to improving the organization\'s image as well as appreciation of the shares in the capital and increased the rating assessment market. There are also impacts on the cost structure and sources of the company\'s revenue, since cleaner processes imply in higher cost of investment. These results were contrasted with the literature found for the structuring of this work, proposing also new future studies.

Recognizing the responsibility businesses has in sustainable development, a rising number of entrepreneurs are attempting to innovate business models together with digital technology to address environmental and societal needs. Circular business models is an example of how businesses can become more sustainable. However, there is a growing phenomenon of entrepreneurs suggesting digital platforms as a supportive element in an enterprise to enable circular features. This research aims to investigate the role of a single entrepreneur as a transition intermediary to sustainable development by using digital platforms. Additionally, this research aims to explore the success factors and challenges this entrepreneur can uncover. Contrary to most studies, this thesis adopts the entrepreneur's perspective as being a key actor in sustainable development but also as an innovative force in a socio-technical system. A case study was conducted on the Swedish online secondhand store Sellpy. The qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Given the thesis' exploratory research design, the finding can be used in further research as artifacts for more conclusive and generalizing research. The entrepreneur, as a transition intermediary, can establish valuable partnerships and networks to accelerate circulation and sustainability awareness. Additionally, the entrepreneur can influence others by spreading knowledge to engage other entrepreneurs to innovate businesses towards sustainability. The main success factors found in this case study is the approach to develop with the user community, digital ownership, skilled and diverse workforce, and partnerships with similar businesses. The challenges discovered was to maintain and find new users to enter the circular system and the external skepticism towards sustainability-oriented businesses.

As atividades econômicas e industriais têm crescido de forma significativa, o que por sua vez, traz consequências ao meio ambiente, como a emissão de gases do efeito estufa que agravam o aquecimento global e a utilização desenfreada dos recursos naturais. Nesse cenário, o debate sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável tornou-se parte do cotidiano das organizações governamentais, públicas e privadas. Consequentemente, frente medidas paliativas e insuficientes por parte das organizações, surge a necessidade de implementação de modelos de negócios sustentáveis, que possibilitariam mudanças necessárias para alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em identificar quais os fatores que interferem no processo de implementação de um modelo de negócio sustentável, perpassando pelas dificuldades, mecanismos de sucesso e impactos para a competitividade. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória por meio de um levantamento de dados, sendo utilizado neste caso a estratégia survey, com questionário auto administrado. Os resultados foram divididos entre as barreiras aos modelos de negócios, os mecanismos de sucesso e os impactos do modelo de negócio sustentável para a competitividade. No seu primeiro aspecto, as conclusões trazem resultados relacionados a falta de conhecimento dos profissionais de gestão, assim como a falta de comprometimento da alta gestão, falta de infraestrutura, altos custos de implementação entre outros. No segundo aspecto apresentou resultados correlatos com as características essenciais dos líderes para a implementação de modelo de negócio sustentável, mudança da cultura organizacional por meio da institucionalização da sustentabilidade, estabelecimento de compliance, iniciativa da liderança da organização entre outras. Por fim, os impactos estão vinculados com a melhoria da imagem da organização, assim como valorização das ações no mercado de capitais e aumento da avaliação de rating. Há também impactos na estrutura de custos e fontes de receita da companhia, já que processos mais limpos implicam em custo de investimento mais alto. Tais resultados foram contrapostos com a literatura encontrada para a estruturação do presente trabalho, propondo também novos estudos futuros. / The economic and industrial activities have grown significantly, which has consequences for the environment, such as the emission of greenhouse gases that exacerbate global warming and rampant use of natural resources. In this scenario, the debate on sustainable development has become part of the everyday life in public and private governmental organizations. Consequently, facing palliative measures and insufficient by organizations, the need to implement sustainable business models rises, models that make possible critical changes to achieve sustainable development. With this in view, the aim of this study was to identify the factors that interfere in the implementation of a sustainable business model process, studying the difficulties, successful mechanisms and impacts on competitiveness. To this end, an exploratory qualitative research through a data survey was performed, being used in this case the survey strategy, with a self-administered questionnaire. The results were divided among the barriers to business models, successful mechanisms and impacts of sustainable business model for competitiveness. In its first aspect, the findings results are related to the lack of knowledge of management professionals, as well as a lack of senior management commitment, lack of infrastructure, high implementation costs, among others. In the second aspect presented, the results are related to the essential characteristics of leaders to implement sustainable business model, organizational culture change through the institutionalization of sustainability, compliance of establishment, organization\'s leadership initiative among others. Finally, the impacts are linked to improving the organization\'s image as well as appreciation of the shares in the capital and increased the rating assessment market. There are also impacts on the cost structure and sources of the company\'s revenue, since cleaner processes imply in higher cost of investment. These results were contrasted with the literature found for the structuring of this work, proposing also new future studies.

Some fashion companies have started to use recycled fibers to improve their sustainability practices, as it is a way to implement circularity into their business. By combining the theoretical frameworks of stakeholder theory, socio-technical (ST) systems and sustainable business models (SBM), this study discusses how the current business models of fashion companies relate to the concept of circular economy and what fashion companies’ future perspectives are. Based on a case study approach, empirical data was collected on six Nordic fashion companies: Acne Studios, Filippa K, Ganni, House of Dagmar, Gina Tricot and Pure Waste. Both fastfashion and high-fashion companies are reviewed, as their approach to business and sustainability differ. Drivers, challenges, partnerships, future perspectives to recycled fibers are discussed for each company and put in relation with the concept of circular economy. Additional circular initiatives from the companies are considered. The key findings indicate that fashion companies are motivated to use recycled fibers because of their sense of responsibility and wish to continue doing their business. Their future goals, collaborations and additional circular initiatives depicts a forward-looking attitude hopeful about the potential of sustainability. This study contributes to the understanding of implementation of circularity elements from a corporate perspective in the fashion sector, and what is needed to further implement and develop the use recycled fibers.