Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-08-24T15:13:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 liviatavarescosentino.pdf: 22521248 bytes, checksum: 9a1e4b2579eb5154e02c608bc1e0f951 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-25T12:03:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 liviatavarescosentino.pdf: 22521248 bytes, checksum: 9a1e4b2579eb5154e02c608bc1e0f951 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T12:03:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 liviatavarescosentino.pdf: 22521248 bytes, checksum: 9a1e4b2579eb5154e02c608bc1e0f951 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-23 / O desenvolvimento sustentável, apesar de ser tema recorrente em encontros acadêmicos, científicos e políticos, anda a passos lentos no que diz respeito às condições do planeta Terra. Considerando que a construção civil é responsável por significativa quantidade das emissões de poluentes na atmosfera e danos gerais causados ao meio ambiente, esta dissertação se concentra nos elementos da construção sustentável, focando nos requisitos dos selos de certificações ambientais presentes no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho é definir diretrizes para projetos sustentáveis, baseando-se nas categorias e critérios de avaliação ambiental dos selos mais utilizados no Brasil: LEED, AQUA e Selo Casa Azul, considerando a contribuição para os quatro sistemas de suporte à vida na Terra, são eles: Atmosfera, Água, Solo e Seres Vivos. Além disso, uma breve análise das práticas do mercado nos permite traçar o panorama da construção enquanto sustentável. O método utilizado se baseia numa revisão bibliográfica sobre sustentabilidade e seus sistemas de avaliação no ambiente construído no primeiro momento. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa tem como base metodológica os fundamentos da Design Science Research, como forma de geração de conhecimento. É feita uma análise qualitativa das certificações citadas a fim de sintetizá-las em diretrizes. Como resultado, as diretrizes geradas são contrastadas com as práticas de mercado, permitindo-nos quantificar o nível da sustentabilidade no nosso ambiente construído. Esta dissertação contribui para o aprimoramento da gestão sustentável do ambiente construído, assim como para a conscientização da urgente necessidade da sustentabilidade neste meio. / Sustainable development, despite being recurring theme in academic, scientific and political meetings, walks slowly in regard to the conditions of the planet Earth. Whereas the construction industry is responsible for a significant amount of pollutant emissions in the atmosphere and general damage to the environment, this dissertation concentrates on elements of sustainable construction, focusing on the requirements of environmental certifications in Brazil. The main objective of this work is to define guidelines for sustainable projects, based on the environmental assessment categories and criteria of the most used seals in Brazil: LEED, AQUA and Selo Casa Azul, considering the contribution to the four life support systems on Earth, which are: Atmosphere, Water, Soil and Living Beings. In addition, a brief analysis of market practices allows us to map the landscape of construction as sustainable. The method used is based on a literature review on sustainability and its evaluation systems in the environment built at the first moment. The development of the research is based on the foundations of Design Science Research as a way of generating knowledge. A qualitative analysis of the certifications is made to synthesize them in guidelines. As a result, the guidelines generated are contrasted with market practices, allowing us to quantify the level of sustainability in our built environment. This dissertation contributes to the improvement of the sustainable management of the built environment, as well as to the awareness of the urgent need of sustainability in it.

The Sub-Saharan African country of Ghana is growing at a rapid pace. The construction industry is striving to keep up with the increasing demand for housing and commercial and industrial space while simultaneously protecting the physical environment and social well-being of the country – a challenge becoming known in the industry as ‘sustainable construction.’ This paper proposes a strategic approach to manage these twin challenges, consisting of two parts: a building rating system and a participatory method called multi-stakeholder dialogue. The combination rating system and MSD process was presented to the industry to determine its potential effectiveness in assisting the industry to move towards sustainability. The industry’s response indicates that the proposal could be of value to the industry, with certain noted limitations. This paper describes the rating system-MSD proposal, the industry’s response, and implications for the construction industry in Ghana moving forward

Building Information Modeling (BIM), used by many for building design and construction, and Geographic Information GIS System (GIS), used for city planning, contain large spatial and attribute data which could be used for Lean and green city planning and development. However, there exist a systematic gap and interoperability challenge between BIM and GIS that creates a disjointed workflow between city planning data in GIS and building data in BIM. This hinders the seamless analysis of data between BIM and GIS for lean and green developments. This study targets the creation of a system which integrates BIM and GIS system data. The methods involve the establishment of a novel Environmental Information Modeling (EIM) framework to bridge the gap using Microsoft Visual C#. The application of this framework shows the potential of this concept. The research results provide an opportunity for more analysis for lean and green construction planning, development and management.

One of the important reasons for the choice of the thesis topic are increasing requirements from the persons interested in low-energy, passive or even houses with almost zero energy consumption. During decreasing of the energy demand is within the framework of the idea of sustainable construction not only required to decrease the total energy demand of the buildings, search and solve the critical spots in the building jacketing, but also to use the secondary raw materials as full-value substitutions for commonly used products from the primary raw materials. The thesis tries to contribute to the possible usage of polymeric wastes in building industry. In an early stage of the thesis the main and partial targets together with the consecutive steps leading to their fulfilment were set. Selection of the suitable secondary raw materials, discussion with the specialists, initial sample mixing, finding their thermally – technical characteristics, press mould and fire kiln acquisition was carried out during the stage. The next phase is focused on the application of the products made from the secondary raw materials to the building envelope. The products are moulded according to the thermally – technical properties. Performed moulding approved that the products are fully functional and after reaching the required value of heat conductivity coefficient products eliminate imperfections of the solutions used at present. Strapping product for the threshold door joint is registered at Industrial Property Office of the Czech Republic and at European Patent Office at the same time. Recycled materials put into production represent possibilities how to decrease number of acquired virgin materials, need of primary energy and how to decrease risks connected to the waste disposal. Society is starting positively approaching to the products that are partially or fully produced from the secondary raw materials. Nevertheless, before the products from the recycled materials enter the peop

This thesis investigates the possible utilization of reclaimed bricks within the framework of circular economy (CE) and sustainable construction approaches, with a particular emphasis on Pakistan's construction industry. The research is based on the theoretical foundations of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and Resource Efficiency concepts. Qualitative methods were used to collect data, and a thematic framework was employed to analyse the results. The findings indicate that Pakistan's reclaimed brick sector aligns with the principles of the TBL theory, supporting sustainability in its social, economic, and environmental aspects. Through waste reduction, material reuse, and resource conservation, the industry demonstrates its commitment to environmental preservation. Furthermore, it plays a significant role in the economy by providing affordable infrastructure solutions and contributing to the growth of the construction industry. Additionally, the industry promotes social well-being by providing employment opportunities and financial stability. The study illustrates how Pakistan's reclaimed brick operations effectively integrate social, economic, and environmental factors to create a more environmentally friendly built environment. In summary, reclaimed bricks present a sustainable and resource-efficient alternative for the construction industry, in line with the principles of resource efficiency, preserving resources, minimizing waste, and promoting circular economy practices. The adoption of reclaimed bricks can help Pakistan and other countries achieve their sustainability objectives, reduce environmental impact, and construct structures that are longer-lasting and resource-efficient.

En la actualidad, un gran porcentaje de las viviendas construidas en Perú son producto de la autoconstrucción, estas son construidas con materiales inadecuados, presentan deficiencia estructural y se encuentran ubicadas en zonas no aptas para la construcción, lo cual genera peligro a la población. En el primer trimestre del 2017, ocurrió el fenómeno del Niño Costero, en el cual se generaron importantes daños a la población, viviendas, infraestructura vial, servicios básicos y paralización de actividades socio-económicas. Piura fue uno de los departamentos más afectados por el fenómeno del Niño Costero, donde se registraron en total 105 369 viviendas afectadas y destruidas, 889 establecimientos educativos y 240 establecimientos de salud afectados, 189 790 km de caminos rurales, 1377 km de carreteras afectados y destruidos, y 27 puentes destruidos. Hasta la fecha, las obras e intervenciones de reconstrucción y soluciones de vivienda, no se han ejecutado según lo planificado, motivo por el cual, existe una gran cantidad de familias damnificadas que esperan acceder a una vivienda segura. En la presente investigación, se desarrolló la propuesta de diseño general de un módulo de vivienda sostenible con el objetivo de implementar y valorar la construcción de módulos de vivienda sostenibles en el distrito de Sondorillo - Huancabamba - Piura, basado en la Construcción Vernácula a través del uso de materiales eficientes según los criterios establecidos en el Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones. El diseño general de la vivienda modular sostenible desarrollado en la presente investigación, está compuesto por una cimentación corrida de concreto ciclópeo de 0.40 m de ancho de base, 0.50 m de altura y sobrecimiento de 0.30 m; vigas soleras de sección de 4” x 4” con longitud máxima de 6.25 m y longitud mínima de 3.30 m; columnas de sección de 4” x 4” y 2.50 m de altura; muros de quincha con ancho desde 0.40 m - 1.40 m con espesor de 0.10 m y alturas de 1.00 m, 1,90 m y 2.50 m; el techo del ambiente social de 4.80 m de luz con viguetas transversales de madera y viguetas de caña en el mismo sentido de la caída del agua con secciones 2” x 4” y 25 mm respectivamente, techo de la cocina comedor de 3.30 m de luz con viguetas transversales de madera y viguetas de caña en el mismo sentido de la caída del agua de secciones 2” x 4” y 25 mm respectivamente. Asimismo, se desarrolló el análisis estático y el análisis dinámico, según los parámetros establecidos en la E.030 Norma de Diseño Sismoresistente y la E.080 Norma de Diseño y Construcción con tierra reforzada, donde se determinó la fuerza sísmica horizontal o cortante basal de 3.51 t, y se registró la aceleración espectral más baja de 0.18 para un periodo mayor de 3 segundos Así mismo, se comparó la literatura estudiada con un modelo matemático analizado en SAP 2000, cumpliendo los criterios de resistencia, estabilidad y comportamiento sismo resistente, donde el øRn fue menor que el Ru con valor de 3509.9 kg. / Nowadays, a large percentage of the houses built in Peru are the product of self-construction, these are built with inadequate materials, have structural deficiencies and are located in areas not suitable for construction, which generates danger to the population. In the first quarter of 2017, the Coastal Child phenomenon occurred, in which significant damage was generated to the population, housing, road infrastructure, basic services and paralysis of socio-economic activities. Piura was one of the departments most affected by the El Niño Costero phenomenon, where a total of 105,369 affected and destroyed houses, 889 educational establishments and 240 affected health establishments, 189,790 km of rural roads, 1,377 km of affected roads, and destroyed, and 27 bridges destroyed. To date, the reconstruction works and interventions and housing solutions have not been carried out as planned, which is why there are a large number of affected families waiting to access safe housing. In the present investigation, the general design proposal of a sustainable housing module was developed with the objective of implementing and evaluating the construction of sustainable housing modules in the Sondorillo - Huancabamba - Piura district, based on Vernacular Construction through the use of efficient materials according to the criteria established in the National Building Regulations. The general design of the sustainable modular house developed in the present investigation, is made up of a continuous cyclopean concrete foundation of 0.40 m in base width, 0.50 m in height and a rise of 0.30 m; 4 "x 4" section sole beams with a maximum length of 6.25 m and a minimum length of 3.30 m; columns of section 4 "x 4" and 2.50 m high; quincha walls with width from 0.40 m - 1.40 m with thickness of 0.10 m and heights of 1.00 m, 1.90 m and 2.50 m; the ceiling of the social environment of 4.80 m light with wooden cross joists and cane joists in the same direction as the waterfall with sections 2 "x 4" and 25 mm respectively, ceiling of the kitchen-dining room of 3.30 m light with transverse wooden joists and cane joists in the same direction as the water fall of sections 2 "x 4" and 25 mm respectively. In addition to this, the static analysis and the dynamic analysis were developed, according to the parameters established in E.030 Design Standard for Earthquake Resistant and E.080 Design and Construction Standard with reinforced earth, where the horizontal seismic or shear force of 3.51 t, and the lowest spectral acceleration of 0.18 ms2 for a period greater than 3 seconds Likewise, the literature studied was compared with a mathematical model analyzed in SAP 2000, meeting the criteria of resistance, stability and earthquake resistant behavior, where the øRn was less than the Ru with a value of 3509.9 kg. / Tesis

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Recognized as one of the main obstacles to sustainable development, climate change is caused and accelerated by the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated from all energy end-user sectors. The building sector alone consumes around 40% of all produced energy worldwide. Reducing this sector’s energy consumption has therefore come into focus as one of the key issues to address in order to meet the climate change challenge.Implementing sustainable construction practices, such as LEED, can significantly reduce the building’s energy and water consumption. Prescribing these practices may however encounter several barriers that can produce other than intended results. Since the beginning of 2008 Dubai mandates a LEED certification for the better part of all new constructions developed within the emirate, nevertheless the success of this regulation is debatable.This thesis identifies the barriers the introduction of the sustainable construction practices in Dubai faced and analyses the reasons why the regulatory and voluntary policy instruments were not effective in dealing with these barriers. Understanding these barriers as well as the merits and weaknesses of the policy instruments will help future attempts to introduce sustainable construction practices.To put the research into context a literature review of relevant printed and internet sources has been performed. In order to further understand the barriers the construction market in Dubai faced, qualitative observational research methods have been used. In addition the input of different key stakeholders with unique knowledge of the construction market was deemed to be necessary. Finally, for purposes of verification, the research relied on quantitative methods using different databases that provide detailed information about construction projects in the United Arab Emirates.The thesis concludes that several barriers, such as a) financial, b) market related, c) behavioral and organizational, d) political and structural, d) technical and e) information barriers hindered the introduction of sustainable construction practices in Dubai. Furthermore the introduced policy mechanisms were not effective in providing clarity on the scope of the policies and environmental goals, failed to provide financial incentives to investors or developers and considered only weak enforcement mechanisms.As a final outcome the thesis presents a number of suggestions that should increase the number of LEED certified projects. These suggestions include changes in the current regulations, the introduction of new policy mechanism such as a building code and major changes to the energy policy such as the correction of the utility prices and the liberalization of the energy market.

Byggsektorn genererar årligen stora ekologiska fotavtryck genom rivning av byggnader, då behovet av allt fler byggnader ökar i städerna, men det dessvärre råder en brist på exploaterbar mark. En alternativ lösning för att staden fortfarande ska kunna växa är att bygga på höjden och på så sätt förtäta städerna. Detta görs idag ofta genom rivning av den befintliga byggnaden för att kunna ersätta den med nybyggnation, vilket inte alls är hållbart. Det är inte rimligt att riva fullt fungerande byggnader av bra kvalité enbart för att öka mängden LOA1 och BOA2. Återanvändning är nyckeln för ett mer hållbart byggande och en alternativ lösning för att öka LOA och BOA är då att genom påbyggnation addera ytterligare våningar på redan befintliga byggnader. Syftet med denna utredning är att underlätta beslutstagandet i utredandet av det befintliga beståndet. Genom att analysera byggnaders potential för påbyggnation i tidigt skede så kan riskerna minimeras för oväntade kostnader.Vi har genom en kvalitativ utredning som främst tagits fram genom intervjuer med branschkunniga, arbetat för att identifiera mönster hos fyra redan slutförda påbyggnationer som gjorts av Fabege. Vi anser att genom att identifiera de fallgropar som kan uppkomma vid arbeten med påbyggnationer som ekonomiskt och tidsmässigt kan minimera risk och förhindra problem. Detta utförs i förhoppning att uppmuntra fler byggaktörer att påbörja fler påbyggnationer, eftersom påbyggnader i dagsläget associeras med krångel och oväntade kostnader, vilket gör att många aktörer inte vågar försöka. Denna metod som tas fram blir i form av en lathund som stegvis kan följas, där samtliga centrala faktorer vilka vi i denna utredning kallar benchmarks3 gås igenom. Varje central faktor som bedömdes som avgörande för en lyckad påbyggnad klassades i skala A, B och C för hur pass viktig den faktorn ansågs för att klara av en storskalig påbyggnad. Med storskaliga påbyggnationer menar vi främst större kontorsbyggnader där cirka 4–5 våningar är aktuellt att byggas på.För att enkelt kunna göra bedömningen så inkluderar lathunden ett polärdiagram där de olika faktorerna sammanställts. Genom ifyllning av denna, utifrån den befintliga byggnadens förutsättningar kan utredaren då få en visuell överblick över vilka faktorer som kan komma att vara hinder under byggarbetets gång.Lathunden inkluderar även en stegvis beskrivning på hur processen inleds för en påbyggnation och även fördjupningspunkter som ska ses över i tidigt skede för att minimera framtida kostnader och svårigheter.Nyckeln till en lyckad påbyggnation är goda kunskaper och grundligt förarbete. Därför tar vi fram denna lathund för att upplysa vad som är viktigt att se över i tidigt skede och lägger en god grund kunskapsmässigt och översiktmässigt. Detta för att fler byggnader ska kunna prövas som potentiella påbyggnationer. / The construction sector generates large ecological footprints annually through the demolition of buildings, as the need for more and more buildings increases in the cities, but unfortunately there is a shortage of exploitable land. An alternative solution for the city still being able to grow is to build on the height and thus densify the cities. This is often done today by demolition of the existing building in order to be able to replace it with new construction, which is not at all sustainable. It is not reasonable to demolish fully functional buildings of good quality only to increase the amount of LOA and BOA. Recycling is the key to a more sustainable construction and an alternative solution for increasing LOA and BOA is to add additional floors to already existing buildings by extension. The purpose of this investigation is to facilitate the decision making in the investigation of the existing stock. By analyzing the potential of buildings for upgrading at an early stage, the risks can be minimized for unexpected costs.Through a qualitative study, which was mainly produced through interviews with industry experts, we have worked to identify patterns of four already completed extensions made by Fabege. We believe that by identifying the pitfalls that can arise during construction with extension work can economically and temporally minimize risk and prevent problems. This is done in the hope of encouraging more companies in the field to start more constructions of this kind, as this type of building is currently associated with hassle and unexpected costs, which means that many players do not dare to try. This method that is developed will be in the form of a “reference card” that can be followed step by step, where all the key factors that we in this investigation call “benchmarks” are reviewed. Each central factor that was judged to be crucial for a successful extension was classified in scale A, B and C for how important this factor was considered to cope with a large-scale extension. By large-scale superstructures we mean mainly larger office buildings where approximately 4-5 floors are currently being built.To be able to easily make the assessment, the crib includes a polar diagram in which the various factors are compiled. By filling this in on the basis of the existing building's conditions, the investigator can then get a visual overview of what factors may be obstacles during the construction work.The guide also includes a step-by-step description of how the process begins for an extension and also in-depth points to be reviewed at an early stage to minimize future costs and difficulties.The key to a successful extension is good knowledge and thorough preparation. Therefore, we present this reference card to inform what is important to revise at an early stage and put a good foundation of knowledge and overview. This means that more buildings can be tested as potential additions.