The purpose of the report was to make a situation analysis of environmental work among sports clubs and examine how to implement the ISO-standard and Miljömärkt Event at sports events. There was also a hypothesis that was tested which says that Sustainable Event (ISO20121) and Miljömärkt Event are more suitable for bigger sports events and not smaller but more frequent events. Interviews were made and a questionnaire survey was sent to the sports clubs in the Swedish men's basketball league combined with a case study of match events organized by Umeå BSKT. The questionnaire survey showed that there was environmental work among 64 % of the clubs but mainly in a low grade. Time was the primary reason why environmental work wasn’t prioritized among the clubs who lacked environmental work. The majority considered it important with environmental work within the club. The final conclusions were that it exist environmental work among the sports movement and that Miljömärkt Event and ISO 20121 can be implemented even during smaller and more frequent sports events, but the fact that sport clubs rarely own the facility for their events can be a problem if the owner doesn’t care about the environmental issue.

會展產業（又稱MICE）具有整合多方資源的特性，能為當地帶來可觀的經濟效益，因此有火車頭產業之稱。但近年來研究發現MICE對經濟、環境社會帶來許多負面衝擊，應該進行永續發展以降低風險。2012年，倫敦奧運採用國際標準ISO 20121永續活動管理系統後，國際上廣泛地討論該標準的發展可能改變MICE既有的商業模式，更能落實永續發展。 本研究問題為「台灣MICE產業如何透過使用ISO20121發展其永續活動？」本研究認為，MICE使用ISO20121之過程應該要瞭解到相關利害關係人之觀點，才能夠深入瞭解企業使用ISO 20121的決策因素。本研究以「經營需求」、「競爭需求」、「發展需求」三個觀點進行分析，發現目前台灣MICE因為缺乏完整發展的綠色供應鏈而對標準使用造成了阻礙。本研究建議，為了使MICE能夠發展永續活動管理，政府與企業領導人應該與「多方共同合作培養成功案例」、「提倡MICE的合法性」、「發展綠色供應鏈」、「提供獎勵誘因」等方式增強市場對於永續需求的強烈信號。 / With the integrated features of multiple resources, event industry (also known as MICE) could bring considerable economic benefits for the local economy. However, recent studies have found that MICE can also cause negative impacts on economic, social and environmental aspects. To reduce the risk, MICE industry should address the sustainable development as a solution. After adopting by the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games, ISO 20121, the standard of sustainable event management, have been extensively discussed in global society, which was considered to change the existing business model in MICE industry. This study aims to answer research question, “how can ISO 20121 benefit the MICE industry in Taiwan to develop sustainable event service?” This research finds out identifying differnet perspectives of stakeholders clearly is crucial so as to understand the decision factors that affect the use of ISO 20121. By examining “business needs”, “completion needs” and “development needs” perspectives, this study discovers that the lack of well-established green supply chain can hold back the sustainable development in the MICE industry in Taiwan. In order to develop the sustainable event service in MICE industry, this study suggests that the government and business leaders should cooperate with different sectors to create successful case study, advocate the legality, establish green supply chain and provide incentives as strong signal to stimulate the demand of sustainability in MICE market.

A growing number of studies acknowledge the effect that sport events have on its surrounding environment as well as the effect the surroundings have on sport events. This has led to a larger focus on environmental sustainability within event organisations, something that however is motivated in very diverse ways and from different perspectives. This thesis, therefore, explores motivations behind the incorporation of environmentally sustainable actions within Swedish recreational sport events, and aim to provide an overview of how it is implemented within their operations. This has been done by a qualitative multiple case study with comparative elements. An outline of earlier research of motivational factors towards sustainable actions does together with an elaboration of central concepts, provide a theoretical background for the case study. The theoretical background has been further used to create an analytical framework with three main themes of motivation ‘strategic’, ‘pressure’ and ‘moral/ethical’. The cases, Vasaloppet and Vätternrundan, has been explored through face to face interviews with specific employees of the event organisations and later analysed through the analytical framework of the thesis. In addition to the interviews, documents regarding their sustainability work have together with the information that could be found on the web pages of the two events been analysed through the themes of the analytical framework. The results show a close similarity when it comes to the main challenges they are facing. Both Vasaloppet and Vätternrundan have transport as their main source of environmental impact, and the trash generated along the arena is another main challenge in order to reduce littering. Out of the three main themes of motivation, the moral and ethical motivation proved to be the main one, whereas the strategic and pressuring motivations came second and were in many cases closely entwined and related to each other. A difference in motivational background is further expressed by the respondents and policy documents of the event organisations, as Vasaloppet displayed a more proactive attitude while Vätternrundan were more reactive.

This diploma thesis discusses the topic of "green olympics" and its aim is to analyze and compare the last five summer olympic games (Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Rio de Janeiro 2016) within the sustainability discursus. The bidding process is being compared with its implementation, which is done for each particular olympics, and so are the national strategies of sustainable development of that particular location. ​The main objective is to find out if the local sustainability strategies are aligned both with the candidature and with the actual realization of the olympic games, and whether every following olympic games tend towards greater sustainability in comparison with the previous ones. The study is carried out through quantitative content analysis, the studied materials being the Official Reports of the olympic games and the strategic documents on sustainability of corresponding countries. The results show a significant mismatch between the set goals and the actual output (especially in case of Athens; while Sydney and London did considerably better in fulfilling their plans). Neither the plans nor the realizations of sustainability within the olympics were satisfyingly in accordance to the national sustainability strategies, as many topics considered crucial in the...