The Vermont Agency of Human Services Incarcerated Women’s Initiative (IWI), constituted in April of 2005, was instrumental in supporting the development and implementation of a pilot project, which encompassed three communities in Vermont. The Pilot programs aimed to reduce and prevent incarceration of women whose criminogenic problems were related to their substance use and abuse. These innovative projects are the subject of this mixed methods evaluative study – to determine the extent to which involvement in this project changed the behaviors leading to incarceration and in effect, succeeded in reducing incarceration and further involvement with the criminal justice system. Qualitative data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with former program participants and staff of the projects. Descriptive data was collected through quarterly reports from the project managers to the Vermont Department of Health, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs, the funding agency, and the Vermont Department of Corrections. Each of the sites were compared and contrasted to tell the stories of the women who participated, and to gather the wisdom of the people who worked with them. The outcomes of the study supported the continued utilization of the key strategies of the Drug Education, Treatment, Enforcement and Rehabilitation (DETER) projects in facilitating greater engagement and retention in treatment, and reducing further incarceration in the study subjects. Recommendations for policy change include greater access statewide to Dedicated Case Management, Collaborative Inter-disciplinary Team Planning, and Wrap-Around Services for women offenders.

Selon nous, la face cachée des Rougon-Macquart réside dans l’articulation de deux histoires : l’une légitime, affichée, déclarée - l’histoire naturelle et sociale d’une famille sous le Second Empire - l’autre cachée, illégitime, non déclarée - l’histoire culturelle et intellectuelle également sous le Second Empire. Cette histoire a culturelle a pu être mise en place car elle repose sur les deux aspects développés par cet auteur : l’aspect social en découpant la société en cinq mondes et l’aspect naturel ou héréditaire (la reproduction). En effet, avec cette histoire culturelle, nous retrouvons ce même découpage en cinq mondes : le monde des arts et des lettres, le monde des sciences, le monde des sciences humaines, le monde de l’information et de la communication et un monde à part (la mythologie et la religion). Cette histoire culturelle a également été envisagée sous l’angle de la reproduction textuelle et non plus sexuelle avec la mise en place d’une véritable machinerie à reproduire les textes-sources (ou textes insérés). La bande-reproductrice ou la bande-annonce qui définit le type de texte ; l’annonce (ou le texte reproduit). Le roman expérimental résiderait davantage dans la mise en place de cette autre histoire qui, de manière souterraine, a permis à Zola de réfléchir sur les différentes méthodes de composition et d’écriture qu’impliquent cette reproduction textuelle comme l’acte de reproduire. Si nous avons défini ces cinq mondes culturels , nous nous sommes davantage attachées à étudier le monde de l’information et de la communication, et en particulier le monde journalistique. Une telle approche nécessite sa prise en compte pour redéfinir tant l’esthétique zolienne que naturaliste. / According to our view, the hidden of the Rougon-Macquart lies in expression of two histories : a legitimate one, which is stated, declared – the natural and social history of family under the Second Empire – and the other one, which is hidden, illegitimate and undeclared – the cultural and intellectual history under the Second Empire as well. The set up of this cultural history was made possible because it relies on the two aspects developpedby this autor :the social aspect by dividing society into five worlds and the natural or hereditary one (reproduction). Indeed, with this cultural history, wie find the same division :the world of Arts and literature, the world of sciences, the world of human sciences, the world of information and of communication and a world apart (mythology and religion). This cultural history was also considered from the angle of textual reproduction, and not fromthe angle of sexual reproduction with the setting up of an authenthic machinery able to reproduce the source texts (or inserted texts). This machinery includes an announcer or reproducer, the announce or reproduction verb in charge of defining the source text ; the reproductive or announcing substance which definies the sort of text ; the announce (or the reproduced text).The experimental novel would more streuously reside in the setting up of this other history which in an underlying way enabled Zola to ponder on the different compsition and writing methods wich this textual reproduction involves as the act of reproducing. If we have defined these five cultural worlds, we have even more studied the world ofinformation and of communication, and the journalistic world in particular. This sort of approach requieres to take it into account in order to redefine Zola’s and Naturalim’s aesthetics.

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar la cantidad de arsénico total (Ast) presente en el arroz integral comercializado en los supermercados y mercados de Lima Metropolitana, enero-febrero, 2020. Metodología: Se recolectaron nueve muestras de granos de arroz integral que representaron a la totalidad de las marcas expendidas al momento de realizar el muestreo, 8 de ellas se encontraron embolsadas y 1 a granel. Se empleó la técnica de espectrometría de masas con plasma inductivamente acoplado (ICP-MS) para la determinación de metales pesados en alimentos. Resultados: Ninguna de las muestras analizadas sobrepasó el contenido de Ast pues presentaron un promedio de 0,147 mg/kg con una desviación estándar de 0,021. Discusión: Los resultados del estudio indican que en general, el valor de Ast en el arroz integral que se comercializa en Lima Metropolitana se encuentra por debajo de los niveles máximos establecidos por diferentes entidades nacionales e internacionales que vigilan la inocuidad de los alimentos. Sin embargo, debido al alto impacto que este contaminante puede tener en la salud de las personas, los profesionales de la nutrición deberían estar expectantes a que las autoridades competentes realicen un adecuado control y monitoreo de este cereal, y de esta manera tener mayor seguridad en la recomendación de su consumo, ya que este se ha incrementado en los últimos años por sus diversos beneficios en la salud. Conclusión: En las muestras de arroz integral la cantidad de Ast no superó los límites máximos recomendados para As en el arroz según el Codex Alimentarius, MERCOSUR/GMC Resolución Nº 12/11 y la NTP 205.011:2014. / Objective: This study aimed to determine the amount of total arsenic (Ast) in brown rice sold in the supermarkets and markets of Metropolitan Lima, January-February, 2020. Methodology: Nine samples of brown rice grains were collected, representing all the brands found at the time of sampling, 8 of them were packed and 1 in bulk. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique was used for the determination of heavy metals in food. Results: None of the samples analyzed exceeded the Ast content as they presented an average of 0,15 mg/kg with a standard deviation of 0,021. Discussion: The results of the study indicate that, in general, the value of Ast in brown rice that is sold in Metropolitan Lima is below the maximum levels established by different national and international entities that monitor food safety. However, due to the high impact that this pollutant can have on people's health, nutrition professionals should expect for the competent authorities to carry out an adequate control and surveillance of this cereal, and thus have greater reassurance in the recommendation of its consumption, since it has increased in the past years for its various health benefits. Conclusion: In the brown rice samples the amount of Ast did not exceed the maximum recommended limits for As in rice according to the Codex Alimentarius, MERCOSUR/GMC Resolution Nº 12/11 and NTP 205.011: 2014. / Tesis

MPH / Dpartment of Public Health