Not available / text

This study is concerned with a sorting problem / the placement of alternatives into preference classes in the existence of multiple criteria. An interactive model is developed to address the problem, assuming that the decision maker has an underlying utility function which is linear. A recent methodology, Even-Swaps, which is based on value tradeoff is utilized in the model for both making an estimation of the underlying utility function and generating possible dominance among the alternatives on which it is performed. Convex combinations, dominance relations, weight space reduction, Even-Swaps and direct decision maker placements are utilized to place alternatives in preference classes. The proposed algorithm is experimented with randomly generated alternative sets having different characteristics.

This study includes two theoretical works. In both works, I assume that economic agents have heterogeneous beliefs. I study collateralized loan transactions among economic agents arising from the divergent beliefs. Moreover, I make collateral requirements endogenously determined, along with interest rates and loan quantities. The theme of the first work is to study private transactions in currency crises. I assume that domestic residents have different beliefs on how resilient the central bank is in defending the currency. Due to the different beliefs, domestic residents willingly borrow and lend among themselves. I show that the heterogeneity of beliefs per se brings stability to the system, but that short-term collateralized loans among domestic residents arising from the divergent opinions make an exchange rate peg vulnerable. The second work is to understand credit default swaps in general equilibrium. The model features a market for a risky asset, a market for loans collateralized by the risky asset, and a market for credit default swaps referencing these loans. I show that the introduction of credit default swaps only as insurance has no effect on the price of the risky asset. And the introduction of credit default swaps both as insurance and as tools for making side bets depresses the price of the risky asset in general but has no effect hen the majority of the economy hold bearish views on the risky asset.

Zugl.: Tübingen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-248).

Thesis (M.A.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis advisor: Jarjisu Sa-Aadu. Includes bibliographic references (p. 130).

M.Comm.

El mercado de swaps de tasa de interés ha experimentado un rápido crecimiento en los últimos años en Chile, alcanzando grandes volúmenes transados y una liquidez importante, principalmente en el sector bancario. Si bien estos instrumentos permiten la administración de riesgos, surge la necesidad de estimar el riesgo que subyace a ellos. El presente trabajo de título tiene como objetivo explorar la conveniencia y relevancia de sofisticar procesos de tasas de interés que permiten medir el riesgo por contraparte y estimar el riesgo de mercado en swaps, aplicándolas al caso chileno sobre swaps cámara, determinando bajo que contexto es conveniente utilizar modelos de mayor grado de complejidad. En una primera etapa, se implementa el modelo de Vacisek (VAS) y el modelo de Cox-Ingersoll y Ross (CIR), con el objeto de evaluar el énfasis de la sofisticación, comprobándose que el nivel de largo plazo posee gran influencia sobre los perfiles de riesgo, principalmente porque produce diferencias importantes en el riesgo presente en cada posición del swap. Así, se opta por una dinámica que complejice el modelamiento del nivel de largo plazo, implementándose el modelo de dos factores de aleatoriedad Central Tendency (CT). A partir del modelo CT, se obtienen perfiles de riesgo de mercado y contraparte tanto para swaps de distintos plazos como sobre distintos comportamientos de las tasas (volatilidad, velocidad de reversión al nivel de largo plazo y premio por plazo), siendo contrastados con perfiles de riesgo obtenidos a través de VAS, a modo de medir el desempeño relativo del modelo de mayor grado de complejidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que CT posee una performance superior en swaps cámara para plazos mayores a 3 años, subestimando VAS el riesgo a partir de este plazo, siendo recomendable por ende utilizar el modelo CT para plazos largos y VAS para plazos cortos. Por otro lado, ante distintos escenarios de volatilidad se muestra que CT entrega resultados similares a los obtenidos por VAS a pesar de tener mayores grados de libertad, recomendándose la utilización del modelo menos complejo en este caso. Ante distintos escenarios de reversión a la media, se vuelve recomendable y muy conveniente utilizar CT, principalmente para swaps de mediano y largo plazo, debido al impacto positivo del parámetro de largo plazo aleatorio sobre la captura del riesgo. Además, ante escenarios de bajo premio por plazo, es recomendable utilizar CT pues VAS subestima el riesgo en este caso al modelar como una constante el parámetro de largo plazo. Para el caso de alto premio por plazo se obtienen resultados similares, por lo que se recomienda la utilización de VAS. Finalmente, comparando la metodología propuesta por la SBIF basada en ponderadores para el cálculo del riesgo equivalente de crédito, con los resultados obtenidos a través de las dinámicas de tasa, se puede verificar que los ponderadores subestiman el riesgo de contraparte presente en swaps, evidenciando que dicha metodología pareciera estar obsoleta.

The thesis deals with the analysis focusedm on the nature of financial derivatives based on the analysis of documents such as mainly academic literature and the relevant legal regulations. This thesis is focused on the Czech legal regulation of derivatives and also includes the relevant European legislation. Firstly, attention is aimed at derivatives in general, the first chapter is focused on a brief historical development in the field of derivatives, and than on the term derivatives itself, as explained by various authors and, for comparison, some international organizations. Subsequent chapter acquaints with the basic properties of derivatives, where the individual types are characterized - especially forwards, futures, swaps and options. The chapter concludes with the current state of the derivatives market. The following chapter deals with the regulation of derivatives and derivatives markets under the Czech and the European law. Firstly, the role and competence of the Czech National Bank as the central administrative authority with the powers of the regulatory body and the financial market supervisory authority in the Czech Republic is mentioned here for the purpose of underlying the complexity of the topic. Subsequently, it is followed by description of regulatory steps made by the European...