Wingecarribee and Fitzroy Falls Reservoirs are part of the Shoalhaven system within the Sydney metropolitan water supply network and are both shallow, well mixed, polymictic water bodies. After construction in 1973, land use activities within the catchments changed from low intensity grazing to more intensive practices such as dairying, particularly on the northern foreshore of Wingecarribee Reservoir, and vegetable farming around Fitzroy Falls Reservoir. The change in land use practice raised concerns about the possible impact on water quality of the reservoirs. This study sought to differentiate between the influence of catchment effects, inter-reservoir transfers and seasonality to enable an assessment of long term trends in water quality to be made. Data collected on a monthly basis by the Water Board between October 1973 and December 1985 were assessed and representative or 'indicator' variables for the different influences were selected. Classification of the phytoplankton to create sample clusters followed by discriminant analysis of the abiotic data were performed to rank the 'indicator' variables The classification analyses indicated that time of sampling was more important than site differences in determining clustering and that both Wingecarribee and Fitzroy Falls Reservoirs were well mixed and similar. The influence of chronological changes following the initial filling of the reservoirs, seasonality and inter-reservoir transfers were detected in the clustering patterns. Changes attributable to land use activities within the catchments were not detected. The reduction in concentrations of variables from high values following the initial filling of the reservoirs was the main influence regulating clustering between 1974 to 1982 and the influence of seasonality on clustering was most apparent during 1976 and 1978. The assessment of the influence of inter-reservoir transfers was restricted because of limited data. Seasonal periodicities and ongoing changes in the phytoplankton and physical and chemical data over the study period were assessed as a means of interpreting and verifying the analysis results.

The quality and nature of leadership among the superiors of religious teaching orders has not been the subject of much research. This field study examines the criteria by which the Provincial Superior of the Marist Brothers in the Sydney Province of Australia decides on the appointment of his principals. In order to establish an evaluation of these criteria, the concept of leadership in general and educational leadership are first examined as described in literature. From the literature a model is chosen against which the leadership of the founder is examined since the spirit of the founder, in this case, Marcellin Champagnat, still pervades the present day members of the order he established. The beginnings of the work of the Brothers in Australia were also important as the pioneers brought with them the spirit of the founder and were responsible for a quality of leadership in difficult circumstances, a quality which has become a feature of the work of the Brothers. It is evident that the present provincial superior is imbued with the spirit of the founder and that he has succeeded in interpreting the criteria laid down in foundation in terms which are relevant to education today. Certain constraints and factors, special to a religious teaching order bring about features of leadership which are not found in lay schools.

Increased development pressure in inner city areas of many Australian and North American cities has resulted in the loss of locally valued cultural landscapes. Accompanying this process is palpable concern by local residents that their values have not been taken into account. While architectural and historical values are well recognised by heritage and planning practitioners, less tangible social values are often ignored. This thesis argues that a gap has formed between the process through which people interact with place and the process of landuse planning. The aim of the research is to critically examine this gap. Pyrmont and Ultimo, an inner city redevelopment area of Sydney, provides a context of rapid social and physical change. Open-ended, unstructured and semi-structured interviews with residents of Pyrmont and Ultimo, and professionals involved in planning and development provide insight into perspectives about the consideration of social values in landuse planning. The results indicate that the loss of valued places may have physical and social implications on people and place including loss of local character and identity, increased conflict, resident anxiety and disillusionment with planning processes. Residents and planners develop strategies for coping, but these do little to improve limited information flow and understanding. Bridging the gap between the two processes calls for a stronger link between heritage conservation and planning, in addition to planning reform. The research suggests the need for formal landuse planning to recognise the value of situational knowledge and social significance, rather than rely on technical expertise and physical fabric. Efforts spent on refining methods for identification and assessment of social value may be better directed towards developing and improving methods for integrating the concept of social value into the planning framework.

During 1984 I carried out an Internship in Materials Conservation under the supervision of Mrs. Patricia Johnson, the Conservator of the Nicholson Museum of Antiquities, the University of Sydney. My area of specialization was in the conservation of artifacts. The majority of artifacts examined and treated during the Internship were from archaeological excavations in the Middle East, at the site of Pella, in Jordan. The site of Pella has produced artifacts from a wide chronological range ; Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Hellenistic (Greek), Roman, and Arabic historical periods. A selection of these artifacts has been granted to the University of Sydney by the Jordanian government, and constitute the present Pella Collection. Most of the materials are inorganic, i.e. ceramics, metals, glass, and stone, although bone and ivory artifacts, as well as skeletal material, form a part of the collection. Upon an initial examination of the collection, conservation problems were identified and a program of conservation work for the collection was formulated. Priority treatment was given to the metals in the collection, particularly to the small bronzes which were found to be suffering from "bronze disease" (active corrosion), to ceramics needed for study and display, and to glass with unstable surfaces. Improvements in storage conditions for the Pella Collection, particularly in the packing of small finds and the storage of metals, were also given a high priority. Taken altogether, the Pella Collection has proved to be a wellbalanced collection, covering almost every period of Kiddle Eastern Archaeology, and containing artifacts representative of most types of materials and of ancient technology. Planned as a research and teaching collection for the students of the Department of Archaeology, the University of Sydney, it also proved to be an excellent teaching collection for a student of materials conservation. The following, therefore, is a report on my Internship in Archaeological Conservation, and includes a description of the institution which sponsored the Internship, a description of both the program of work and the program of instruction for the Internship, detailed descriptions of all conservation work and other activities which were undertaken as part of the: Internship, and a final evaluation of the Internship.

In New South Wales education, music is a mandated primary school subject incorporated in the key learning area of Creative Arts. In secondary education, music is typically a mandatory Stage 4 subject and an elective subject choice in Stages 5 and 6. School music syllabuses include singing as a performance experience. The methodology and appropriateness of teaching children and adolescents to sing are issues expressed in the literature. Research and scientific based understanding of the voice clearly indicate that care should be taken when teaching singing to developing voices. These reasons, together with the presumption that all students will sing at some stage during their schooling, invoke the primary research questions of “who teaches school singing?”, “what types of school singing are taught?”, “how is school singing taught?” and “why is school singing taught?”. Through an investigation and analysis of teacher perspectives, this study addresses these questions in relation to teaching singing in Sydney government schools. The research is comprised of two parts. Part 1 was a broad-based questionnaire approach that generated qualitative and quantitative data. By encompassing primary and secondary classroom and/or choir teachers (127 respondents), school singing within a continuum of learning was investigated. Part 2 extended the format and focus of Part 1 by undertaking qualitative in-depth interviews of teachers (10 participants) sampled to investigate a range of key issues and school singing cultures. The study found that school singing at primary level was predominantly taught by generalist classroom teachers. A range of primary specialist teachers - dedicated music and/or choir specialist teachers, designated music and/or singing specialist teachers and dedicated performing arts specialist teachers – was identified as also teaching school singing activities. Secondary classroom music teachers were those found to teach, either solely or in conjunction with singing tutors, secondary school singing. The study determined that school singing was an activity occurring in conjunction with music syllabuses (syllabus singing), in relation to other syllabuses (co-syllabus singing) and irrespective of syllabus connections (non-syllabus singing). In addition, ancillary syllabus singing linked singing activities occurring outside the music classroom to syllabus singing within the music classroom. Co-syllabus singing was identified as being either thematic (illustrating a topic area) or supplementary (reinforcing learning in a non-musical area). In addition to defining the types of school singing in relation to both primary and secondary syllabuses, there was evidence of a dichotomy in school singing between teaching singing (formal singing) and the teaching of, or inclusion of, singing activities (informal singing). Determining whether students were taught a song or taught how to sing (it) in Sydney government schools, formed one of the major areas of impetus and focus for the study. After identifying 19 components present in respondent data at elemental or proficient levels, comparison and inclusion rates of teaching components were used to determine five levels of respondent teaching approaches - sing-along, song, song dominant, functional and developmental. Descriptive statistics and univariate statistical analysis of components revealed that component inclusion increased as the level of teaching approach increased. Independent-sample t-tests showed that there were significant differences between approaches to teaching school singing and the types of teachers who teach school singing (for example between specialist/non-specialist teachers). Contributory factors of school singing were identified as support for school singing, objectives of school singing, aptitude for school singing and constraints that restricted school singing. The types of school singing found their origins in the purposes of the singing activities. In some cases, the school culture also determined the types and purposes of school singing. Where school singing was established within the school culture, singing activities were reported as being well supported and the school culture was such that it encouraged or even enabled singing activities to occur. Conclusions drawn from the research findings have implications for the pre-service and in-service training of teachers, for those responsible for school singing activities and for those writing curriculum, curriculum related documents and teaching resources. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis explores the team identification of fans of a new sport team, using social identity theory. As there is limited research on fans of new sport teams, this study sought to redress this situation by seeking to explain and measure new team identification. Through investigating new team identification, this study extends current applications of social identity theory and understanding of fans of a new sport team. Additionally, by measuring new team identification, this thesis contributes a valid and reliable measure of the construct, and discovery of key themes driving the formation and development of new team identification. A mixed-method research design was used to investigate the central thesis topic. A case study of members of a new sport team, Sydney FC, provided the sample population. The research design included two surveys, administered at the end of the new team’s first and second seasons, respectively, in addition to twenty-one interviews undertaken to deepen understanding of new team identification. The Sports Spectator Identity Scale (SSIS) was used to measure new team identification and test for differences in identity strength based on participant characteristics. Results indicated that three defining behaviours provided the basis for the formation of new team identification. These were termed: Football first, Origin and Occasion. Measurement of new team identification using the SSIS validated the model in a new team context; however, the value of victory and the identification of rival groupings did not relate strongly to the construct. Member identity strength was significantly influenced by age, salary, membership category and games attended. Five behaviours underpinned the development of new team identification; these were termed: Searching, Expression, Eagerness, Names and Faces, and Spruiking. Social identity theory provided a useful framework to explore the formation and extent of new team identification. The formation of new team identification was strongly influenced by support of football, in this case. The implementation of the SSIS to measure new team identification extended its previous applications. Participant characteristics exerted a clear influence on the strength of new team identification. Members engaged in additional teamrelated behaviours as their new team identification increased and they developed multi-faceted and socially important bonds. Stemming from the key thesis findings, the conceptual outcomes provided a significant contribution to current literature exploring members of new sport teams. Furthermore, the nuanced differences between identification with new and established teams provide a distinct agenda for future research into new sport teams.

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution, density, health, condition, fertility, causes of mortality, home range size and tree preferences, of koalas in low density populations in the south of Sydney. This information was then used to make management recommendations; good management is needed because there is rapid human population growth and pressure for development of koala habitat in the Sydney region. State Environment Planning Policy 44(SEPP44) is New South Wales legislation that relates to developments affecting koala habitat. Problems in the application of SEPP44 in the Sydney region were found to exist, such as Sutherland Local Government Area (LGA) not being covered, and changes to this legislation are also recommended. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The project Design analysis and proposals of plastic screw caps in Australia was performed at Högskolan Dalarna incooperation with University of Western Sydney, Australia. The Swedish company Tetra Pak, in Lund, were assigner forthe project that was performed 2006-2007. The commission was to do a survey about the packages for non-carbonateddrinks in Australia. The bottles had to be plastic, able to open in one step and with focus on the caps.The project has result in design analysis and a new proposal of a plastic screw cap for the Australian market. Sixbottles were choosen and they were all testet on 20 consumers each with a Likert-scale test. The result from the test andthe survey underlied the work with a proposal of a new design. The most important qualities for a optimal opening is:a tamper that is easy to break and also guarantee that is not been opened before, wide and soft grip, ergonomics, easyto close and that is good looking.

In der Humanmedizin wird zur Beurteilung der Magenschleimhautproben das aktualisierte Sydney-System nach STOLTE (1997) angewendet. Das Ziel war es herauszufinden, ob das histologische Grading System auch in der Veterinärmedizin, für die Beurteilung von Pferdemagenschleimhautpräparaten, genutzt werden kann und ob daraus neue Erkenntnisse erwachsen. Von 60 Pferden wurden direkt post mortem Schleimhautproben aus der Pars glandularis (Drüsenschleimhaut), im Bereich der großen Kurvatur und dem Pylorus, entnommen. Die Patienten wurden in 4 Gruppen, 10 operierte (Kolik)pferde, 36 Pferde mit Kolik und infauster Prognose, 6 Pferde mit hochgradigen Magenulzera und 8 Pferde, die nicht auf Grund einer Kolik euthanasiert wurden, eingeteilt. Die makroskopische Beurteilung der 60 Pferdemägen erfolgte nach MURRAY et al. (1989) und MACALLISTER et al. (1995). Die histopathologische Beurteilung erfolgt in der Humanmedizin anhand der Helicobacter-like-Organismen Dichte, dem Grad der chronischen Entzündung, der Aktivität der Gastritis, der Atrophie und der intestinalen Metaplasie. Nach diesen Beurteilungsvariablen wurden die 120 Proben aus den 60 Pferdemägen beurteilt. Die ätiologischen Diagnosen sind in der Humanmedizin das Ergebnis jahrzehntelanger Forschung. Beim Pferd liegen dagegen zur Ätiologie der Gastritis noch keine gesicherten Erkenntnisse vor. Beim Pferd gibt es bestimmte Gastritisformen, die denen des Menschen ähnlich sind. Doch können die morphologischen Befunde in der Veterinärmedizin, nach den jetzigen Erkenntnissen, keinen Ätiologien zugeordnet werden. Die ätiologischen Diagnosen in dieser veterinärmedizinischen Studie beruhen auf der Diagnostik am Menschen und wurden noch nicht auf ihre Richtigkeit beim Pferd überprüft. Von den 60 untersuchten Pferdemägen wiesen 31 makroskopisch Läsionen in der Magenschleimhaut auf. 20 Pferde mit Veränderungen hatten diese in der Pars glandularis. Bei 44 der Pferde bestätigt der histologische Befund, nach dem aktualisierten Sydney- System, das makroskopische Grading. 13 der Pferde hatten nach dem aktualisierten Sydney-System histologisch einen pathologischen Befund, obwohl makroskopisch die Schleimhaut keine Auffälligkeiten aufwies. Bei nur 3 von den 60 Pferden konnte der histologische den makroskopischen Befund nicht bestätigen. Ätiologisch wurde, nach humanmedizinischen Beurteilungskriterien, bei 18 Pferden im Bereich der großen Kurvatur der Pars glandularis und, oder im Bereich des Pylorus eine C-Gastritis (chemische Gastritis), bei 11 Pferden eine like B-Gastritis (bakterielle Gastritis ohne den Nachweis von Helicobacter-like-Organismen), 3 Pferden eine B-Gastritis (bakterielle Gastritis mit dem Nachweis von Helicobacter-like-Organismen) und bei 9 Pferden eine Sonderform der Gastritis diagnostiziert. 6 Pferde bekamen die Diagnose: zur Zeit nicht klassifizierbar und 7 Pferde die deskriptive Diagnose erosive oder ulzerative Gastritis gestellt. 24 Pferde hatten keinen pathologischen Befund in einem der oben genannten Bereiche der Schleimhaut. Die histopathologischen Befunde der Pferde mit einer like-B-Gastritis oder einer B-Gastritis entsprachen nach humanmedizinischen Gesichtspunkten dem Bild einer Helicobacter-pylori-Gastritis beim Menschen. Bandartige Anordnung der Lymphozyten in der Lamina propria mucosae und neutrophile Granulozyten in Verbindung mit einer Atrophie des Drüsenkörpers, intestinaler Metaplasie und Erosionen. Bei drei Pferden konnte in der Warthin–Starry-Färbung und in der IHC-Reaktion Helicobacter-like-Organismen nachgewiesen werden. Die Pylorusschleimhaut war doppelt so häufig, im Vergleich zur Drüsenschleimhaut der großen Kurvatur, von einer like-B-Gastritis oder B-Gastritis betroffen. Die histologische Auswertung von Magenschleimhautbioptaten, in dieser Studie nach dem aktualisierten Sydney-System aus der Humanmedizin, komplettiert die makroskopische (endoskopische) Diagnostik. Nach den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Studie gehört in der Pferdemedizin zu jeder Gastroskopie die Bioptatentnahme. Das aktualisierte Sydney-System kann in Zukunft in der Veterinärmedizin als Arbeitsgrundlage für die weitere wissenschaftliche Forschung genutzt werden. / Stolte’s updated Sydney system is used in the field of human medicine for grading the gastric mucosa (STOLTE 1997). The goal of this study was to determine whether this system could also be applied for histological parameter grading in veterinary medicine, in order to gain new insights into medications for treating equine gastric mucosa. Post mortem biopsies of mucosa were taken from 60 equines along the greater curve and pylorus of the pars glandularis. The test animals were divided into four groups: 10 post-colic surgery equines, 36 with colic and an infaust prognosis, six with chronic EGUS (equine gastric ulcer syndrome), and eight equines not euthanized for reasons other than colic. Macroscopic grading of the 60 equine stomachs was performed in accordance with MURRAY et al. (1989) and MACALLISTER et al. (1995). In human medicine, histological scoring is based on the following five parameters: density of Helicobacter-like organisms, grade of the chronic inflammation, level of gastric activity, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia. A total of 120 biopsies taken from the 60 equines were graded according to these parameters. Etiologic diagnoses for humans are the outcome of decades of research, but the etiology of equine gastritis lacks an equivalent foundation. Equines exhibit forms of gastritis similar to those in humans, but their morphology cannot be classified into any specific etiology. In this study, the etiological diagnoses were based on human diagnostics, but their validity for equines has yet to be substantiated. Of the 60 equine stomachs examined, 31 showed lesions in the gastric mucosa, while 20 of those with changes had lesions in the pars glandularis. Histological findings of 44 equines confirmed the macroscopic grading according to the updated Sydney system. Thirteen equines exhibited pathological findings based on the updated Sydney system histology, although no abnormalities were discovered in the macroscopic examination. The histological diagnosis did not confirm the macroscopic grading for only three of the 60 subjects. The following etiological findings were reached in terms of human medicine: 18 equines with type C gastritis (chemical gastritis) along the greater curve of the pars glandularis and/or pylorus, 11 equines with type B-like gastritis (bacterial gastritis without evidence of H-like organisms), three equines with type B gastritis (bacterial gastritis with evidence of H-like organisms), and nine with a special form of gastritis. Six of the equines could not be classified, while seven showed erosive gastritis or ulceration. A total of 24 equines exhibited no pathological findings along any of the above-mentioned mucosae. The histopathological findings of the equines with either type B-like gastritis or type B gastritis corresponded with H pylori gastritis seen in humans, as ligamental lymphocytes in the lamina propria mucosae and neutrophilic granulocytes associated with atrophy of the glandular corpus, intestinal metaplasia, and erosion. Warthin-Starry staining and the IHC reaction confirmed H-like organisms in three of the equines. The frequency of type B-like gastritis or type B gastritis was observed to be twice as high in the pylorus mucosa as along the glandular mucosa of the greater curve. This study has demonstrated that histological analysis of gastric mucosa biopsies graded according to the updated Sydney system for human medicine significantly complements veterinary gastroscopy, which should therefore always include a biopsy. The updated Sydney system can thus serve as a platform for future scientific research in the field of veterinary medicine.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2009. / A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Computing and Mathematics, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.