Physically-driven methods of simulating fluid dynamics and frequency-based ocean surface synthesis methods are of long-standing interest for the field of computer graphics. However, they have been historically used separately or without any interaction between them. This thesis focuses on the possibility of combining the approaches into one adaptive solution by proposing methods for unified surface representation, method result blending and one-way interaction between the methods. The thesis also outlines several future developments of the combined method and proposes a level-of-detail approach taking advantage of hardware tessellation that can be used regardless of what method was used for the simulation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This master thesis deals with synthesis of 6I -N-monosubstituted β-CD bearing a linear spacer of various lenghts containing disulfidic bond and terminated by amine. Whole series was succesfully prepared by nucleophilic substitution of toluenesulfonyl group on tosyl β-CD by a spacer's amine group. In case of the shortest spacer (cystamine) 35 % yield was achieved. Synthesis of β-CD derivatives using longer and more lipophilic spacer derived from di-, tri- and tetraethylenglycol yielded 66 to 85 %. The oligoethylene spacers were prepared by standard chemical modifications. A separation method using n-butanol elution mixtures was optimized for isolation of β-CD derivatives. To better understand the β-CD derivative behavior in solution, molecular dynamics (MD) computations were used. The synthetized species were intended to be used for fluorescent sensor construction. For the same reason the inclusion of small organic molecules in β-CD cavity was studied with molecular dynamic simulations. MD method for computation of relative binding energy was optimized and gave values of right sign and order of magnitude.

Title: Symmetrical aminophosphinates Author: Bc. Soňa Procházková Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Supervisor: RNDr. Vojtěch Kubíček, Ph.D. Supervisor's email address: kubicek@natur.cuni.cz ABSTRACT Two types of α-aminophosphinates were prepared and studied: phosphinate analogues of iminodiacetic acid − aminobis(methyl(hydroxymethyl)phosphinic acid) (IDPhm ) and aminobis(methyl(2-carboxyethyl)phosphinic acid) (IDPce ), and bis(aminomethyl- phosphinates) − (hydroxy(fenyl)methylen)bis(aminomethylphosphinic acid) (PheOHABPin) and (methylen)bis(aminomethylphosphinic acid) (ABPin). All prepared compounds were fully characterized (by NMR, MS, elemental analysis). One crystal structure was determined by X-ray singlecrystal analysis. The diphosphinates were synthesized by Mannich type reaction, whereas the bis(aminomethylphosphinates) were prepared by multistep synthesis including reactive silylesters. Compounds were prepared in moderate or good yields Acid-base and coordination properties of ligands were investigated and compared by potentiometric and NMR titrations. The values of protonation constants of aminogroups, which determine stability of complexes, showed surprising results. An extremely low basicity of nitrogen atom was found in diphosphinates. So, these compounds...

Cytochrome P450 3A4 is integral membrane protein residing in endoplasmic reticular membrane. In human the highest concentration cytochrome P450 3A4 is expressed in liver, where it plays a major role in metabolism of many drugs and xenobiotics. The main aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of gene optimization on heterologous expression of human cytochrome P450 3A4. At first expression constructs based on vectors pET22b were prepared. Then the efficiency of heterologous expression of optimized vs. natural gene sequence encoding truncated form of the human cytochrome P450 3A4 compared. The results show that the gen sequence optimized for E. coli strains K12 was expressed in significantly higher efficiency than the original human gene based on cDNA sequence. Another aim was to evaluate the suitability of pET22b based expression vectors for recombinant production of native (complete) form of human cytochrome P450 3A4. The amount of native form of the protein found in bacterial membrane was however substantially lower then that of the truncated form. Keywords: cytochrome P450 3A4, heterologous expression, pET22b, gene synthesis

This paper will discuss voicing characteristics of Czech plosives. In the theoretical part of the paper, vocal cords are described as well as their participation on voicing. Next, a brief history, division, and application of voice synthesisers is discussed. Synthesizers allow the user to manipulate individual characteristics of any speech signal. In the practical part of the paper, HLsyn is used to synthesize individual Czech plosives with various voicing characteristics. Perceived voicing is then evaluated based on preliminary perceptual verification. Keywords: voicing, plosives, synthesis, HLsyn, perception test

This thesis deals with problematic of thermodynamic stability of AFt phases. It is focused on studium of mineral thaumasite, mainly its possible ways of synthesis. Specific aim of the task is to prepare thaumasite by hydratation of mineral ternesite in optimal condition and consequential evalution by X-ray diffraction, DTA and SEM.

4 ABSTRACT Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Viera Bodoríková Supervisor: doc. Ing. Lucie Cahlíková, Ph.D. Title of Diploma thesis: Synthesis of haemanthamine derivatives and their biological activity Haemanthamine, an isoquinoline Amarillidaceae alkaloid, exhibits a wide and important range of biological activities, including antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant, antimalarial and anticonvulsant. Biological activity of haemanthamine relatives closely with its structure. By modifying the different parts of the molecule, we can identify some structure-activity relationships. With this aim, the thirteen semisynthetic analogues of alkaloid haemathamine were prepared and purified using analytic and preparative TLC methods. The obtained substances were then subjected to structural analysis, specifically, there were used MS, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. Prepared compounds were tested on its possibility to inhibit human erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) and human serum butyrylcholinesterase (HuBuChE). The most promising biological activities have been shown by aromatic esters labelled as LC- 70 (IC50 HuAChE = 0,12 ± 0,01 µM) and LC-73 (IC50 HuAChE =0,17 ± 0,01 µM). The cytotoxic activity of prepared compounds has been...

1 Abstract Acylceramides belong to the subgroup of ultralong chain ceramides. They are essential components of the extracellular lipid matrix of stratum corneum, where they play a crucial role in proper function of skin barrier (they help preventing the excessive water loss and penetration of exogenous substances and pathogens to the organism). The 32-hydroxydotriacontanoic acid is one of the fatty acids forming the backbone of all the acylceramides. In the molecule of acylceramide, the carboxyl group of this acid is bound to a primary amino group of the sphingoid base and the ω-hydroxy group is esterified with linoleic acid. In the stratum corneum, 32-hydroxydotriacontanoic acid may remain as a part of free acylceramides or it can be covalently linked to the surface of corneocytes and form the "first lamela", which then serves as a basis for the orientation of other lipids in the matrix. The recent literature describes the synthesis of 32-hydroxydotriacontanoic acid but only with relatively small overall yields. The most problematic part of the synthesis seems to be the connection of two shorter fragments leading to the ultralong chain. The main aim of this research project was to optimalise the reaction conditions to increase the yield of formation of the utralong acid, focusing on the most complicated...

The basis of this study are mutant plants with ARP2/3 complex lacking in one of its subunits (arpc5 and arp2). These plants also express CSC subunit CESA6 of primary cell wall tagged by YFP. Thanks to modern imaging technologies, it is possible to observe the movement of tagged cellulose synthase complexes in vivo at plasmatic membrane. Kymograph analyses was used to measure the velocity of CESA complexes. In addition to observing CESA complexes directly on the plasma membrane, experiments were made to regenerate cell walls of protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana plants arpc5 and WT. It was found, that observed mutants arpc5 and arp2 have reduced velocity of CESA complexes in comparison to WT and arpc5 protoplasts regenerate cellulose mesh of cell wall slower. Keywords: Cellulose synthesis, ARP2/3 complex, CESA, CSC velocity, arpc5, arp2, Arabidopsis thaliana.

In this diploma Thesis, a method for the preparation of polycarbocyclic compounds containing all-carbon quaternary centers embedded in triquinane skeleton was prepared. The key reaction sequence leading towards the preparation of these carbocycles was Pd-catalyzed tandem cyclization/Suzuki cross-coupling reaction followed by halocarbocyclization. In the first part of synthetic project, a model oxygen-containing polycyclic derivative was prepared. In the second part, 3 novel polycarbocyclic compounds containing all-carbon quaternary centers were successfully prepared. Synthetic procedure for the starting material required for the key reaction sequence was developed. This approach represents another pathway for the synthesis of polycarbocyclic natural products. Keywords: synthesis, polycyclic compounds, quaternary centers, catalysis