Worin bestehen die Bedingungen für einen erfolgreichen Systemtransformationsprozess post-sozialistischer Staaten in demokratisch-marktwirtschaftliche Systeme nach 1990? Die Schwierigkeit einer Untersuchung dieser Frage liegt in der Verlaufs- und Ergebnisoffenheit von Systemtransformationsprozessen, die ihre Prognostizierbarkeit und Gestaltbarkeit einschränkt. Dieser Beitrag stellt hierzu ein methodisches Analysekonzept vor, das aus zwei komplementären Ansätzen aus der evolutorischen Ökonomik besteht: dem Kontingenzansatz und dem Strukturähnlichkeitsansatz. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass erfolgreiche Industrialisierungs- und Wachstumsprozesse einer langen Vorbereitungsphase bedürfen und nicht kurzfristig durch wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen bewirkt werden können, wobei technischem Fortschritt und Innovationen eine besondere Bedeutung zukommen. / What are the conditions for successful system transformation into democratic market economies for the post-socialist countries after 1990? The main problem lies in the fact that a system transformation process displays the characteristics of a self-organised economic evolution, which is at least partially open-loop and consequently cannot be predicted and designed perfectly. Our study develops a combined method comprising two approaches compatible with the concepts of evolutionary economics: the contingency approach and the structural similarity approach. Applying this combined method, our analysis shows that successful industrialisation and growth processes require foundations to be laid over a long-term period and that this cannot be substituted by shortterm political intervention. Moreover, a sufficiently high rate of technical progress and innovation is a necessary factor.

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Worin bestehen die Bedingungen für einen erfolgreichen Systemtransformationsprozess post-sozialistischer Staaten in demokratisch-marktwirtschaftliche Systeme nach 1990? Die Schwierigkeit einer Untersuchung dieser Frage liegt in der Verlaufs- und Ergebnisoffenheit von Systemtransformationsprozessen, die ihre Prognostizierbarkeit und Gestaltbarkeit einschränkt. Dieser Beitrag stellt hierzu ein methodisches Analysekonzept vor, das aus zwei komplementären Ansätzen aus der evolutorischen Ökonomik besteht: dem Kontingenzansatz und dem Strukturähnlichkeitsansatz. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass erfolgreiche Industrialisierungs- und Wachstumsprozesse einer langen Vorbereitungsphase bedürfen und nicht kurzfristig durch wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen bewirkt werden können, wobei technischem Fortschritt und Innovationen eine besondere Bedeutung zukommen. / What are the conditions for successful system transformation into democratic market economies for the post-socialist countries after 1990? The main problem lies in the fact that a system transformation process displays the characteristics of a self-organised economic evolution, which is at least partially open-loop and consequently cannot be predicted and designed perfectly. Our study develops a combined method comprising two approaches compatible with the concepts of evolutionary economics: the contingency approach and the structural similarity approach. Applying this combined method, our analysis shows that successful industrialisation and growth processes require foundations to be laid over a long-term period and that this cannot be substituted by shortterm political intervention. Moreover, a sufficiently high rate of technical progress and innovation is a necessary factor.

<p>Diagnosis means detection and isolation of faults. A model based diagnosis system is built on a mathematical model of the system. The difficulty when constructing the diagnosis system depends om how the model is formulated. In this report, a method is described that rewrites the model on such a form that the construction of the diagnosis algoritm is easy. The model is transformed by two state space transformations and the result will be a system on state space form where one part of the system becomes easy to supervise. </p><p>The main part of the report describes the procedure to create these transformations, which can be done in seven steps, based on differential geometric methods. </p><p>The aim of this masters thesis was to create an implementation in Mathematica (a computer tool for symbolic formula manipulation) of the creation of the two transformations and the system transformation. The created functions are described and examples of these are given. </p><p>A further aim was to evaluate if Mathematica could be a good support to rewrit a model. This was done by studying examples, and on the basis of the examples, identify difficult and easy steps. </p><p>The program has shown to be a good aid. Two of the seven steps have been identified as difficult and proposals for improvements have been given.</p>

The theoretical framework of ecosystem services and that of resilience thinking are combined in an empiricalcase study of a social-ecological system. In the River Helge å catchment in southern Sweden, a slow increase in dissolved organiccarbon (DOC) results in brownification of the water with consequences on ecosystem services in the lower part of the catchmentof concern by local resource managers. An assessment of ecosystem service delivery was conducted to (1) identify plausibledrivers of brownification in the study site and assess future ecosystem service delivery for stakeholders in downstream areas.An analysis of the perspective of beneficiaries, using qualitative methods, was pursued to (2) evaluate the impacts ofbrownification on downstream stakeholders.

Diagnosis means detection and isolation of faults. A model based diagnosis system is built on a mathematical model of the system. The difficulty when constructing the diagnosis system depends om how the model is formulated. In this report, a method is described that rewrites the model on such a form that the construction of the diagnosis algoritm is easy. The model is transformed by two state space transformations and the result will be a system on state space form where one part of the system becomes easy to supervise. The main part of the report describes the procedure to create these transformations, which can be done in seven steps, based on differential geometric methods. The aim of this masters thesis was to create an implementation in Mathematica (a computer tool for symbolic formula manipulation) of the creation of the two transformations and the system transformation. The created functions are described and examples of these are given. A further aim was to evaluate if Mathematica could be a good support to rewrit a model. This was done by studying examples, and on the basis of the examples, identify difficult and easy steps. The program has shown to be a good aid. Two of the seven steps have been identified as difficult and proposals for improvements have been given.

The thesis "The political transformation of Kyrgyzstan after 1991: At the crossroads between democracy and authoritarian regime" focuses on the political development of Kyrgyzstan since independence in 1991 till nowadays. The thesis analyses the key aspects of the political development of the country, with particular emphasis on the specific role of local clans in the political system of Kyrgyzstan. The other analyzed subjects are inter-ethnic and interconfessional relations, constitutional development, electoral process and the phenomenon of the fall of regimes of Askar Akayev and Kurmanbek Bakiyev as a result of the Tulip Revolution and events of 2010.

Although evidence continues to indicate an urgent need to transition food systems away from industrialized monocultures and toward agroecological production, there is little sign of significant policy commitment toward food system transformation in global North geographies. The authors, a consortium of researchers studying the land-food nexus in global North geographies, argue that a key lock-in explaining the lack of reform arises from how most food system interventions work through dominant logics of property to achieve their goals of agroecological production. Doing so fails to recognize how land tenure systems, codified by law and performed by society, construct agricultural land use outcomes. In this perspective, the authors argue that achieving food system “resilience” requires urgent attention to the underlying property norms that drive land access regimes, especially where norms of property appear hegemonic. This paper first reviews research from political ecology, critical property law, and human geography to show how entrenched property relations in the global North frustrate the advancement of alternative models like food sovereignty and agroecology, and work to mediate acceptable forms of “sustainable agriculture.” Drawing on emerging cases of land tenure reform from the authors’ collective experience working in Scotland, France, Australia, Canada, and Japan, we next observe how contesting dominant logics of property creates space to forge deep and equitable food system transformation. Equally, these cases demonstrate how powerful actors in the food system attempt to leverage legal and cultural norms of property to legitimize their control over the resources that drive agricultural production. Our formulation suggests that visions for food system “resilience” must embrace the reform of property relations as much as it does diversified farming practices. This work calls for a joint cultural and legal reimagination of our relation to land in places where property functions as an epistemic and apex entitlement.

The presented text is concerned with the development of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) in the period from the late 1980s to mid-1990s. The main aspiration of this Diploma Thesis is the introduction of these specific radio projects in a new era with new missions. RFE/RL gained great popularity during the Cold War period as they were powerful tools in the fight against communist regimes in Europe and the Soviet Union. However, with the fall of Iron Curtain, it was generally anticipated that their tasks were complete. Both Services had to fight against these general assumptions and prove that their mission had yet more functions. Thus, they focused on promoting ideas and principles of democratic and liberal societies. This type of educational broadcasting proved to be very much needed in the post-communist countries which sought to implement the norms of the Western world. This paper describes the overall, somewhat complicated story of RFE/RL, its mission and further developments in broadcasting, which were fundamentally influenced by plans for budget cuts and resulted in the relocation of RFE/RL's operations from Munich to Prague. For more thorough understanding of these issues, the paper also draws on broader historical context of RFE/RL's development from the very beginning of its operations in...

The aim of this dissertation is to study urban domesticity in Polish film and literature against the background of the political and social transformations that have taken place in recent decades. The study begins with the so-called belle époque of the Polish People’s Republic and the decade of Edward Gierek, continues through the political upheavals, the period of martial law, and the system transformation of 1989 and the two following decades, which have been marked by the introduction of democracy, global capitalism, consumerism etc. The primary sources consist of almost thirty literary and cinematic works from various genres covering a period of forty years – twenty before the system change, and twenty after. Their common denominator is their setting in the socialist housing projects (blokowisko).  The dissertation places itself in the field of geocriticism and literary/cinematic spatiality. The object of the study is the ̒social space’ (Henri Lefebvre) of the urban home, and the main analytical frames are spatial representations and narrative space, which are viewed as important in shaping both character and plot. The analysis also draws from cultural theory by Michel Foucault, Marc Augé, Mikhail Bakhtin, Mircea Eliade, and Loïc Wacquant. The dissertation detects a shift in the representations of the urban home that indicates that the home has become more private and secluded after 1989, also suggesting that a spatial and social marginalization of the socialist housing projects has occurred. These findings are interpreted as consistent with theories in human geography on changes in the perception and experience of space due to global paradigm shifts and changes in the production system.