The aerials event of freestyle skiing is a relatively new discipline having only been introduced into the Olympic Games as a medal event in 1994. The purpose of this study was to develop a simulation model for the takeoff phase of aerials, with the intention of learning more about how the requisite linear and angular velocities at takeoff are generated. Experimental data was collected for six triple somersaulting aerial jumps. The jumps were filmed with four high-speed video cameras and a total of 17 points were manually digitised for each camera view of each jump. The digitised coordinates were reconstructed using a three dimensional direct linear transformation (3D-DLT) and processed using a film program written in FORTRAN. The program produced kinematic data for the takeoff phase of the six jumps. A simulation model for takeoff was developed, comprising of a rod (body) and a ski. At the connection between the rod and the ski is a passive torque, governed by the stiffness coefficient K. Experimental values for the height of the centre of mass (CoM), moment of inertia (MoI), initial linear velocity (VG) and initial angular velocity (ωpg) were used as model inputs. A combined drag and air resistance coefficient (D) was varied with K to match the experimental VG and ωpg at takeoff, resulting in an average difference of -0.07% for VG, and -16.10% for ωpg. A straight body simulation was run, eliminating the effect of joint angle changes on CoM height and MoI, it was found that a straight body matches the experimental data just as well as a simulation using joint angles. This result suggests that joint angles changes play a different role, other than to generate angular and linear velocity. Further alterations were made to the model parameters; K was varied, which increased the angle of the CoM behind the normal to the skis (ψ) as K increased. Initial angular velocity was varied with results suggesting that a forwards leaning motion at the start of the kicker generated a larger angular velocity at takeoff. An additional ankle torque was implemented for the final 0.1s of takeoff, this increased ωpg and reduced the difference to just -3.01%. Conclusions were drawn that the passive torque of the skis and an additional ankle torque prior to takeoff play a large role in governing takeoff conditions.

This thesis is a testimony of thoughts and ideas that have been circulating in my studio for the past few years, in their current form. It is also an experiment in writing an autobiographical piece of prose. It was written parallel to, and after, making the film Double Take with Perrin Turner. The film is an exploration of a number of relationships, related and sometimes haunted by one another. I wish for this text to operate not only as an after-the-fact recollection of thoughts, but also in relation to what will follow it – similarly to the way a trailer operates in relation to a movie. This is an extract and a prologue rather than conclusion or resolution.

Magister Artium - MA / Wembley Roadhouse and Super Fisheries have cemented themselves as food institutions on the Cape Flats. Family-owned take-aways establishments that appeared on the black periphery and catered for the black consumer were popularised amid the political and economic upheavals of forced removals in the 1970s. The shifting labour market, changing work schedules, and hardening political climate was reflected in the popularisation and consumption of breadbased take-aways on the Cape Flats. This research sets out to show how the production and consumption of the Wembley Whopper and the Super Fisheries Gatsby constituted cultural signifiers of agency that were historically embedded within a set of discursive practices and a business ethic that distinguished halal take-aways from franchised and state subsidised food. Ideas of tradition and health became categories through which racial discourse was operationalised by both cultural and scientific agents of the colonial and apartheid state. Nevertheless, the Whopper and the Gatsby represented fast food culinary adaptations that appealed to a mobile generation of activists that challenged social restrictions and ideas about race and diet.

Este estudo teve como objeto, crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso (20 do sexo feminino, 41 do masculino) e seus 61 cuidadores (55 do sexo feminino, 6 do masculino), usuários do Centro de Saúde Escola de peso e seus cuidadores, usuários do Centro de Saúde Escola Jaraguá em Uberlândia-MG. Constitui-se como objetivo, investigar características alimentares destes usuários, como uma contribuição ao estudo da obesidade nesta população. O método adotado foi o descritivo, por meio de uma amostra de conveniência. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário fechado composto de dez partes. O armazenamento de dados foi feito no programa “Epidate". A análise dos dados foi feita pelo programa estatístico “Epinfo 6.0" e pelo “Excel". Foram feitas correlações de Spearman, Pearson, e Contingência para verificar associação de variáveis entre os cuidadores e as crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso. Os resultados desta investigação indicam que apesar das crianças e adolescentes e suas famílias fazerem pelo menos as refeições principais, e terem horário determinado para fazê-las, há erro alimentar (excesso de carboidratos e gorduras, alimentos com alta densidade calórica principalmente na colação, lanche e ceia). O sedentarismo e associações de comportamentos como hábito de assistir televisão (principalmente na hora do almoço e jantar) entre cuidadores e crianças e adolescentes, também ficou evidente, o que pode indicar influência de hábitos familiares. Existem questões a serem respondidas, como a relação entre aleitamento e excesso de peso que na literatura aparece como fator protetor e no presente estudo não parece ter sido. São necessários estudos mais aprofundados a fim de entender melhor as necessidades e problemas dessas crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso e seus cuidadores. / This study had as object, children and adolescents (20 girls and 41 boys) with overweight of its 61 take-careers, (55 women, 6 mens), users of the Center of Health Jaraguá School in Uberlândia-MG. One consists as objective, to investigate alimentary characteristics of these users, as a contribution to the study of the obesidade in this population. The adopted methodology was descriptive, by means of a convenience sample. The used instrument was made in the “Epidate" program. The analysis of the data was made by the statistical program “Epinfo 6.0" and by “Excel". Correlations of Spearman, Pearson had been made, and Contingency to verify association of variable between the take-careers and the children and adolescents with overweight . The results of this inquiry indicate that despite the children and adolescents and its families to make at least the main meals, and to have determined schedule to make them, it has alimentary error (excess of carboidratos and fats, foods with high calorie density mainly in the light meal, snack and supper). The sedentarism and associations of behaviors as habit to attend to television (mainly in the hour of the lunch and supper) between take-careers and children and adolescents, also were evident, what it can indicate influence of familiar habits. Questions exist to be answered, as the relation between breathing and excess of weight that in literature appear as protective factor and in the present study do not seem to have been. They are necessary studies more deepened in order to better understand the necessities and problems of this population with excess of weight and its take careers.

Este estudo teve como objeto, crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso (20 do sexo feminino, 41 do masculino) e seus 61 cuidadores (55 do sexo feminino, 6 do masculino), usuários do Centro de Saúde Escola de peso e seus cuidadores, usuários do Centro de Saúde Escola Jaraguá em Uberlândia-MG. Constitui-se como objetivo, investigar características alimentares destes usuários, como uma contribuição ao estudo da obesidade nesta população. O método adotado foi o descritivo, por meio de uma amostra de conveniência. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário fechado composto de dez partes. O armazenamento de dados foi feito no programa “Epidate”. A análise dos dados foi feita pelo programa estatístico “Epinfo 6.0” e pelo “Excel”. Foram feitas correlações de Spearman, Pearson, e Contingência para verificar associação de variáveis entre os cuidadores e as crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso. Os resultados desta investigação indicam que apesar das crianças e adolescentes e suas famílias fazerem pelo menos as refeições principais, e terem horário determinado para fazê-las, há erro alimentar (excesso de carboidratos e gorduras, alimentos com alta densidade calórica principalmente na colação, lanche e ceia). O sedentarismo e associações de comportamentos como hábito de assistir televisão (principalmente na hora do almoço e jantar) entre cuidadores e crianças e adolescentes, também ficou evidente, o que pode indicar influência de hábitos familiares. Existem questões a serem respondidas, como a relação entre aleitamento e excesso de peso que na literatura aparece como fator protetor e no presente estudo não parece ter sido. São necessários estudos mais aprofundados a fim de entender melhor as necessidades e problemas dessas crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso e seus cuidadores. / This study had as object, children and adolescents (20 girls and 41 boys) with overweight of its 61 take-careers, (55 women, 6 mens), users of the Center of Health Jaraguá School in Uberlândia-MG. One consists as objective, to investigate alimentary characteristics of these users, as a contribution to the study of the obesidade in this population. The adopted methodology was descriptive, by means of a convenience sample. The used instrument was made in the “Epidate” program. The analysis of the data was made by the statistical program “Epinfo 6.0” and by “Excel”. Correlations of Spearman, Pearson had been made, and Contingency to verify association of variable between the take-careers and the children and adolescents with overweight . The results of this inquiry indicate that despite the children and adolescents and its families to make at least the main meals, and to have determined schedule to make them, it has alimentary error (excess of carboidratos and fats, foods with high calorie density mainly in the light meal, snack and supper). The sedentarism and associations of behaviors as habit to attend to television (mainly in the hour of the lunch and supper) between take-careers and children and adolescents, also were evident, what it can indicate influence of familiar habits. Questions exist to be answered, as the relation between breathing and excess of weight that in literature appear as protective factor and in the present study do not seem to have been. They are necessary studies more deepened in order to better understand the necessities and problems of this population with excess of weight and its take careers.

Take - all disease ( caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici, Ggt ) can be suppressed by soil microorganisms after continuous monoculture of wheat ( take - all decline, TAD ). Fluorescent pseudomonads have been implicated in this suppression. Two strategies for controlling take - ail are the in situ development of disease suppressive soil, and / or the application of a biocontrol agent. However, TAD takes up to 10 years to develop after initially high levels of disease, and the performance of bacterial biocontrol agents has been inconsistent. It is not known what environmental factors select for disease antagonists. In this work the role of diseased root lesions in directing the evolution of a native pseudomonad community, and a model disease antagonist, Pseudomonas corrugate strain 2140 ( Pc2140 ) for increased disease suppression was investigated. This work shows that root lesions are a distinct niche, supporting increased populations of total aerobic bacteria ( TAB ), pseudomonads and Pc2140 ( compared to non - lesioned sections of diseased roots and healthy roots ). Lesions selected for fluorescent pseudomonads and pseudomonads which increase take - all severity. In. contrast, lesions selected for non - pseudomonads which decrease take - all, and healthy roots selected for non - fluorescent pseudomonads which decrease take - all. It was concluded that non - fluorescent pseudomonads and non - pseudomonads were important in reducing take - all, but not fluorescent pseudomonads. Pc2140 produced multiple variant phenotypes in vitro and on wheat roots which were altered in ( 1 ) their ability to inhibit pathogens in vitro and control take - all, and ( 2 ) GC - FAME and BIOLOG profiles to the extent that some variants were identified as different species. Different sets of phenotypes were produced in vitro and on roots. After 108 weeks culture of Pc2140 on root lesions and healthy wheat roots, variant colony types were generally slightly decreased in ability to reduce take - all, and reisolates with the wild type colony morphology were generally slightly increased in ability to reduce take - all compared to the ancestral Pc2140. This is the first report on the diversification of a pseudomonad biocontrol agent on roots, and has implications for the taxonomic identification and grouping of isolates based on phenotypic characteristics. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Crop Protection, 1998.

Ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande definieras i 1 kap. 2 § 1p. Lag (2006:451) om offentliga uppköpserbjudanden på aktiemarknaden (LUA) så som ett offentligt erbjudande till innehavare av aktier som har getts ut av ett svenskt eller utländskt aktiebolag att överlåta samtliga eller en del av dessa aktier. Innan ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande lämnas vill den potentiella budgivaren som regel genomföra en due diligence-undersökning på målbolaget. Syftet med denna uppsats är att söka fastslå (1) om det föreligger en skyldighet för målbolaget att medge en due diligence-undersökning, (2) under vilka omständigheter denna eventuella skyldighet föreligger samt (3) vilka sanktioner som står till buds för aktieägarna då en eventuell skyldighet inte efterföljs. I arbetet med uppsatsen har en traditionell rättsdogmatisk metod använts. Frågan om styrelsens eventuella skyldighet att medge en due diligence-undersökning undersöks utifrån både ett aktiebolagsrättsligt och ett aktiemarknadsrättsligt perspektiv. Ur ett aktiemarknadsrättsligt perspektiv förutsätts som regel att en due diligence-undersökning kan och får genomföras. Due diligence-undersökningar är dock inte oproblematiska ur ett aktiebolagsrättsligt perspektiv. Det finns en risk att den information som lämnas ut till budgivaren kan leda till skada för målbolaget. Dessutom kan målbolaget lida skada genom de kostnader som uppkommer i samband med en due diligence-undersökning. Vad avser frågan om de sanktioner som står till buds för enskilda aktieägare har, utöver aktiebolagslagens bestämmelser om skadestånd, eventuell rätt till skadestånd enligt allmänna skadeståndsrättsliga principer undersökts.   Resultatet av undersökningen är att det föreligger en skyldighet för styrelsen att i vissa fall medger en begäran om en due diligence-undersökning. En huvudförutsättning för att så ska vara fallet är dock att en sådan undersökning anses ligga i de enskilda aktieägarnas intresse i form av ett bud som är mer förmånligt att acceptera än att förkasta. I praktiken är dock denna skyldighet i princip osanktionerad.

För att utöka ett fordons användningsområde kan det utrustas med olika typer av arbetsredskap och lasthanteringsutrustning. För att driva dessa finns möjlighet till kraftuttag (PTO - Power Take-Off) från ett antal anslutningar vid motor och drivlina. I dagsläget saknar motorns styrsystem information om dessa laster vilket kan påverka styrningen negativt. I detta arbete presenteras en metod för att estimera det okända lastmomentet på kraftuttaget. Metoden utgår från Newtons andra lag för svänghjulet och det drivande momentet till drivlinan beskrivs av en dynamisk modell. Genom att beräkna hur mycket moment som borde krävas vid aktuellt körfall och jämföra detta med det moment som motorn levererar kan parasitförluster och okända externa laster estimeras. En känslighetsanalys av omgivningens inverkan på modellen och PTO-estimeringen visar att estimeringen i dagsläget inte går att utföra på ett robust och tillförlitligt sätt. De fel som uppstår till följd av bristfällig information om bland annat väglutning och fordonsmassa ger upphov till fel i PTO-estimeringen som är vida större än de lastmoment som ska estimeras. Vidare konstateras att värdet på det levererade motormomentet i motorstyrsystemet (EMS) kan ha ett statiskt fel på upp till cirka 70Nm. / To extend the possible use of a truck it can be equipped with auxillary equipment for handling cargo and different working tools. These are powered using a Power Take-Off (PTO) connected to the vehicle´s drivetrain. In the current situation the control system lacks information about these loads, which can have a negative impact on the control. In this thesis a method for estimating the unknown PTO torque is presented. The method is based on Newtons second law of motion describing the motion of the flywheel. The driving torque from the drivetrain is described by a dynamic model. By calculating how much torque that should suffice in the present driving situation and comparing this to the torque delivered by the engine, the parasitic losses and unknown external loads can be estimated. A sensitivity analysis of the ambient influence on the model and the PTO estimation shows that the estimation cannot be performed in a robust and reliable way. The errors that arise from faulty input to the model such as deficient road slope and vehicle mass information result in errors with greater magnitude than the load torque to be estimated. It is also concluded that in the Engine Management System (EMS), the calculation of the torque delivered by the engine can show a static error of up to approximately 70Nm.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-220).