Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A construcao das identidades sociais.pdf: 1731210 bytes, checksum: 029758c60b24ad8711ac10422f7496f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at investigating the construction of social identities of the visually impaired students when they are talking about texts, focusing three fundamental interrelated aspects which are: 1. How the visually impaired students see themselves; 2. Their interpretation of the way the society sees them; 3. How the visually impaired students see the sighted individuals. To collect the data, a reading group using the verbal protocol method was organized. According to Zanotto (1997), this method is a social-cognitive practice in which the readers share and negotiate the various readings. When these protocols were used, different social identities came up and could be identified through the analysis of the participants´positionings during the discoursive interaction process. This analysis is based on the positioning theory developed by Harré and Langenhove (1999). The different social identities built up by the visually impaired students, which could be identified in this analysis, are anchored in positive and negative evaluation. When the visually impaired students talk about themselves they evaluate themselves positively emphasizing their potencialities such as the capacity, autonomy and independence to accomplish daily tasks. On the other hand, when the visually impaired students interpret the way the society sees them, the former positive evaluation changes into a negative image related to the social stereotypes which contribute to build up their identity. They understand that the society sees them as incompetent and unable to accomplish the social tasks. Moreover, when they talk about the sighted individuals they also have a negative evaluation, since they see them as individuals who discriminate and who do not know their reality. The research concluded that that the social identities of the visual impaired students are built up from the positive and negative evaluations which are emphasized mainly by the social stereotypes that turn into serious learning problems in the reading classes / Esta pesquisa pretende investigar a construção das identidades sociais do aluno deficiente visual, nas conversas sobre textos, partindo de três pontos fundamentais imbricados entre si: 1. como o deficiente visual vê a si próprio; 2. a interpretação que o deficiente visual faz a respeito de como a sociedade o vê; e 3. como o deficiente visual vê o vidente. Para que fosse possível a coleta dos dados, houve a necessidade de organizar um grupo de leitura em que foi empregado o método do protocolo verbal em grupo. De acordo com Zanotto (1997), esse método é uma prática sócio-cognitiva na qual os leitores partilham e negociam as várias leituras. Durante o emprego desses protocolos, diferentes identidades sociais surgiram e puderam ser identificadas por meio da análise dos posicionamentos assumidos pelos participantes durante o processo de interação discursiva. Essa análise encontrou respaldo, principalmente, na teoria dos posicionamentos desenvolvida por Harré e Langenhove (1999). Nessa análise, pôde-se identificar que as diferentes identidades sociais, construídas pelos deficientes visuais, estão ancoradas em valorações positivas e negativas. O deficiente quando fala de si mesmo trabalha com valorações positivas que ressaltam suas potencialidades representadas na sua capacidade, autonomia e independência para a execução de tarefas diárias. Quando interpreta a forma como a sociedade o vê, essa valoração positiva dá lugar a uma imagem construída negativamente onde os estereótipos sociais marcam sua identidade. Ele interpreta que a sociedade o vê como incompetente, e incapaz de realizar tarefas sociais. Ao se referir ao vidente, o faz também a partir de valorações negativas, pois ele vê o vidente como alguém que o descrimina, desconhecendo sua realidade. Chega-se assim à conclusão que as identidades sociais do deficiente visual são construídas a partir de valorações positivas e negativas, marcadas principalmente, pelos estereótipos sociais e esses estereótipos se tornam um grave problema de aprendizagem nas aulas de leitura

Syftet med studien är att undersöka högläsningens roll i skolan samt hur sambandet mellan högläsning, textsamtal och elevers läsförståelse ser ut. Syftet är även att öka förståelsen för hur verksamma lärare arbetar med högläsning som ett didaktiskt verktyg. Min teoretiska utgångspunkt grundar sig i det sociokulturella perspektivet där lärandet sker i samspel med andra genom att använda språket som ett kulturellt redskap. Den metodologiska ansatsen grundar sig i hermeneutiken där förståelse skapas för människors handlingar. Undersökningen bygger på kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer med öppna frågor för att möjlighet till utförliga svar ska finnas. Urvalsgruppen är verksamma lärare i årskurserna 1-3 då min utbildning inriktar sig dit.  Studiens resultat lyfter fram verksamma lärares syn och arbetssätt kring högläsning och textsamtal som didaktiskt verktyg. Resultatet visar att samtliga lärare använder sig av de båda metoderna i skolan. Resultatet visar även att verksamma lärare ser samband mellan högläsning, textsamtal och läsförståelse och hur det kan konkretiseras i undervisningen. Samtliga pedagoger var eniga om att läsförståelsen främjas genom högläsning och genom att interagera med andra genom textsamtal. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of reading aloud in school activities and how the connection between reading aloud, reading comprehension and talking about texts looks like. The purpose is also to increase the comprehension regarding reading aloud as a didactical tool amongst active teachers.  The theoretical basis of this study is the socio-cultural perspective where interaction between people and using our language as a cultural implement is important for learning. The methodological approach of this study is based on hermeneutics to promote comprehension about people’s actions. The empiricism of the study is made up of qualitative research methods containing open questions to promote detailed answers. A conscious selection of informants has been made and the participating teachers of this study are all working actively in primary school.  My study shows how teachers feel about reading aloud and talking about the text afterword as didactical tools. The result shows that all teachers of this study uses both methods as didactical tools and all teachers see a connection between these methods and students reading comprehension. All teachers agree that students reading comprehension is promoted by reading aloud and interaction by talking to others about the text.