This study investigated the vibration serviceability of timber structures with dowel-type connections. It addressed the use of such connections in cutting-edge timber structures such as multi-storey buildings and long-span bridges, in which the light weight and flexibility of the structure make it possible that vibration induced by dynamic forces such as wind or footfall may cause discomfort to occupants or users of the structure, or otherwise impair its intended use. The nature of the oscillating force imposed on connections by this form of vibration was defined based on literature review and the use of established mathematical models. This allowed the appropriate cyclic load to be applied in experimental work on the most basic component of a dowel-type connection: a steel dowel embedding into a block of timber. A model for the stiffness of the timber in embedment under this cyclic load was developed based on an elastic stress function, which could then be used as the basis of a model for a complete connector. Nonlinear and time-dependent behaviour was also observed in embedment, and a simple rheological model incorporating elastic, viscoelastic and plastic elements was fitted to the measured response to cyclic load. Observations of the embedment response of the timber were then used to explain features of the behaviour of complete single- and multiple-dowel connections under cyclic load representative of in-service vibration. Complete portal frames and cantilever beams were tested under cyclic load, and a design method was derived for predicting the stiffness of such structures, using analytical equations based on the model for embedment behaviour. In each cyclic load test the energy dissipation in the specimen, which contributes to the damping in a complete structure, was measured. The analytical model was used to predict frictional energy dissipation in embedment, which was shown to make a significant contribution to damping in single-dowel connections. Based on the experimental results and analysis, several defining aspects of the dynamic response of the complete structures, such as a reduction of natural frequency with increased amplitude of applied load, were related to the observed and modelled embedment behaviour of the connections.

A pesquisa parte-se da hipótese de que critérios quantitativos e qualitativos de desempenho ambiental são definidores da expressão formal da arquitetura paramétrica do edifício alto. Pretende-se comprová-la com a criação e a aplicação de um método de projeto arquitetônico que relacione avaliação paramétrica de desempenho ambiental e a geração da forma. Essa hipótese surgiu da utilização sem critérios claros e precisos de desempenho ambiental na geração das formas dos edifícios altos, e vem de encontro ao conceito contemporâneo de conforto, da adaptação, das respostas específicas. O objetivo geral do trabalho é propor uma metodologia de projeto arquitetônico que relacione avaliação paramétrica de desempenho ambiental com critérios qualitativos e quantitativos e a geração da forma. Ou seja, compreender como os critérios de desempenho ambiental podem informar a geração da forma utilizando para isso, ferramentas paramétricas como no caso do Rhinoceros e o seu plug-in Grasshopper. A pesquisa apresenta os edifícios ícones de desempenho ambiental, discutindo os parâmetros de projeto, o desempenho real e as novas questões do conforto adaptativo. Além disso, são apresentados os critérios de desempenho utilizados para informar a metodologia de projeto paramétrico de geração da forma. Discute-se o papel da ventilação natural e das áreas envidraçadas no projeto do edifício alto. A questão do projeto paramétrico e generativo é introduzida, apresentando-se os principais conceitos, as tecnologias, os processos e as ferramentas. Por fim, o método resulta em um conjunto de diretrizes de projeto e critérios de desempenho, desenvolvidos para a formulação dessa proposta de avaliação, podendo ser visualizado, no final, em um modelo teórico do edifício alto para a cidade de São Paulo. Os produtos da tese foram: (I) critérios qualitativos e quantitativos de desempenho ambiental do edifício alto, (II) metodologia de projeto paramétrico informada por critérios ambientais, (III) solução projetual para edifícios de escritórios que utilizem ventilação e iluminação natural como estratégia principal para atingir o conforto dos usuários e reduzir o consumo de energia. / The research starts from the hypothesis that quantitative and qualitative criteria for the environmental performance are defining the formal expression of parametric architecture of tall building. We intend to prove it with the creation and implementation of a method for architectural design that relates parametric evaluation of environmental performance and the generation of form. This hypothesis arose from the use without clear and precise criteria of the environmental performance in form generating of tal buildings, and comes against the contemporary concept of comfort, the adaptation of specific responses. The general objective of this work is to propose an architectural design methodology that relates parametric evaluation of environmental performance with qualitative and quantitative criteria and the generation of form. Understand how environmental performance criteria can inform the generation of form using, parametric tools as the Rhinoceros and its plug-in Grasshopper. The research presents icons of environmental performance buildings, discussing the design parameters, real performance and new issues of adaptive comfort. Moreover, the performance criteria used to inform the methodology of parametric design generation are presented. It discusses the role of natural ventilation and glazed areas in the design of tal building. The issue of parametric and generative design is introduced, presenting key concepts, technologies, processes and tools. Finally, the method results in a set of design guidelines and performance criteria developed to the formulation of this evaluation proposal, and could be viewed at the end, in a theoretical model of the tall building to the city of São Paulo. The products of the thesis were: (I) qualitative and quantitative criteria for environmental performance of tall building (II) parametric design methodology informed by environmental criteria, (III) design solution for office buildings using natural ventilation and daylight as the main strategy to achieve the user comfort and reduce energy consumption.

A pesquisa parte-se da hipótese de que critérios quantitativos e qualitativos de desempenho ambiental são definidores da expressão formal da arquitetura paramétrica do edifício alto. Pretende-se comprová-la com a criação e a aplicação de um método de projeto arquitetônico que relacione avaliação paramétrica de desempenho ambiental e a geração da forma. Essa hipótese surgiu da utilização sem critérios claros e precisos de desempenho ambiental na geração das formas dos edifícios altos, e vem de encontro ao conceito contemporâneo de conforto, da adaptação, das respostas específicas. O objetivo geral do trabalho é propor uma metodologia de projeto arquitetônico que relacione avaliação paramétrica de desempenho ambiental com critérios qualitativos e quantitativos e a geração da forma. Ou seja, compreender como os critérios de desempenho ambiental podem informar a geração da forma utilizando para isso, ferramentas paramétricas como no caso do Rhinoceros e o seu plug-in Grasshopper. A pesquisa apresenta os edifícios ícones de desempenho ambiental, discutindo os parâmetros de projeto, o desempenho real e as novas questões do conforto adaptativo. Além disso, são apresentados os critérios de desempenho utilizados para informar a metodologia de projeto paramétrico de geração da forma. Discute-se o papel da ventilação natural e das áreas envidraçadas no projeto do edifício alto. A questão do projeto paramétrico e generativo é introduzida, apresentando-se os principais conceitos, as tecnologias, os processos e as ferramentas. Por fim, o método resulta em um conjunto de diretrizes de projeto e critérios de desempenho, desenvolvidos para a formulação dessa proposta de avaliação, podendo ser visualizado, no final, em um modelo teórico do edifício alto para a cidade de São Paulo. Os produtos da tese foram: (I) critérios qualitativos e quantitativos de desempenho ambiental do edifício alto, (II) metodologia de projeto paramétrico informada por critérios ambientais, (III) solução projetual para edifícios de escritórios que utilizem ventilação e iluminação natural como estratégia principal para atingir o conforto dos usuários e reduzir o consumo de energia. / The research starts from the hypothesis that quantitative and qualitative criteria for the environmental performance are defining the formal expression of parametric architecture of tall building. We intend to prove it with the creation and implementation of a method for architectural design that relates parametric evaluation of environmental performance and the generation of form. This hypothesis arose from the use without clear and precise criteria of the environmental performance in form generating of tal buildings, and comes against the contemporary concept of comfort, the adaptation of specific responses. The general objective of this work is to propose an architectural design methodology that relates parametric evaluation of environmental performance with qualitative and quantitative criteria and the generation of form. Understand how environmental performance criteria can inform the generation of form using, parametric tools as the Rhinoceros and its plug-in Grasshopper. The research presents icons of environmental performance buildings, discussing the design parameters, real performance and new issues of adaptive comfort. Moreover, the performance criteria used to inform the methodology of parametric design generation are presented. It discusses the role of natural ventilation and glazed areas in the design of tal building. The issue of parametric and generative design is introduced, presenting key concepts, technologies, processes and tools. Finally, the method results in a set of design guidelines and performance criteria developed to the formulation of this evaluation proposal, and could be viewed at the end, in a theoretical model of the tall building to the city of São Paulo. The products of the thesis were: (I) qualitative and quantitative criteria for environmental performance of tall building (II) parametric design methodology informed by environmental criteria, (III) design solution for office buildings using natural ventilation and daylight as the main strategy to achieve the user comfort and reduce energy consumption.

O núcleo resistente, considerado um dos principais elementos componentes dos sistemas estruturais de edifícios de andares múltiplos, quando associado ao sistema de contraventamento, consegue conferir à estrutura um razoável acréscimo de rigidez. O núcleo é ainda o único elemento estrutural capaz de resistir isoladamente a todos os esforços atuantes na estrutura de um edifício, contribuindo na determinação mais precisa dos seus deslocamentos. Baseado nestes fatores, acredita-se que as diferentes modelagens, adotadas para o núcleo, proporcionarão diferentes resultados para a mesma estrutura de contraventamento. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar a influência que estas modelagens exercem na estrutura de contraventamento. Inicialmente, são apresentadas algumas das modelagens mais utilizadas para o núcleo. Com estas modelagens foram processadas algumas estruturas, e os diversos resultados obtidos utilizados no processo comparativo. Para o processamento foram consideradas análises em teoria de primeira e segunda ordem e, para as fundações, vinculação rígida. Não serão consideradas as deformações por esforço cortante nos elementos. / Resistant cores, are considered one of the principal elements of the structural systems of multistory buildings. When associated to the bracing structure, it gives to the structure a reasonable stiffness increment. The core is still the only structural element capable to resist separately all the efforts in the structure of a building, contributing to a more accurate determination of its displacements. Based on these factors, it is believed that different modeling adopted for the cores will provide different results for the same bracing structure. The main aim of this work is to analyze the influence that these modeling exerts on the bracing structure. First, some of the most used core modeling were presented. Then some structures were processed, using these modeling. The several obtained results were compared. For all the analysis it was considered the first and second order theory and rigid connections for the foundations. Shear deformation were not considered in the elements.

L'ambition de cette recherche est d'interroger et de clarifier l'emploi du terme événement à propos de réalisations architecturales et des phénomènes qui les entourent. Elle a été menée grâce à l'étude de trois quartiers de tours et d'affaires européens – la City, la Défense, Francfort – qui apparaissent propices à la recherche d'événements. L'événement architectural y est vu, à l'instar de tout événement, non comme un donné immanent advenant par lui-même, mais comme un construit auquel participe chaque acteur en amont et en aval, du client qui organise un concours aux médias qui fabriquent sa réception. Cette construction est caractéristique de la période récente. L'événement architectural tel que nous le définissons n'est pas un simple mode d'existence de l'événement mais le produit d'un rapport au temps particulier que certains historiens voient comme étant uniquement tourné vers le présent et qualifient à l'aide de la notion de régime d'historicité. Dans les quartiers étudiés, l'événement prend la forme de mises en scène de l'existant lors de festivals ou grâce à la réalisation de bâtiments qui se présentent comme atemporels et hors de toute question de style. Il ne provoque plus nécessairement de rupture. Mais alors que ce phénomène tourne tous les regards vers l'architecture des bâtiments, il opère également une réduction dans leurs caractéristiques architecturales. L'architecture, en devenant événement ou en étant utilisée par un événement festif, n'est plus vue que sous l'angle de questions typologiques plus ou moins réduites et de différenciation pour faire mémoire. Ces deux points sont vus comme la part irréductible de l'architecture, indissoluble dans l'événement, dernier levier d'action pour les architectes aux prises avec une demande en événement / The aim of this research is to question and clarify the use of the term event when talking about architectural realizations and the phenomena that occur around them. It has been conducted by analyzing three European tall building and business districts – the City, La Défense, and Frankfurt – which seem propitious for the location of events. Just like any other event, the architectural one is not viewed here as a spontaneous given which occurs in and of itself but as a construction in which a variety of actors take part, from the client who organizes the competition beforehand all the way to the media who, in the aftermath of the event, generate its reception. This construction is characteristic of recent times. The architectural event such as we define it is not a mere mode of existence of the event but the product of a special relationship to time which some historians see as being only preoccupied with the present and define thanks to the notion of regime of historicity. In the districts studied, the event takes the form of a staging of the existing by way of festivals or thanks to the completion of buildings which present themselves as timeless and devoid of any question of style. It no longer necessarily leads to a breach. But while this phenomenon has all gazes turned toward the architecture of the buildings, it also diminishes their architectural characteristics. By becoming an event in itself or being used for festive events, architecture is henceforth only considered through the angle of a limited number of typological questions and that of its ability to distinguish itself in order to be remembered. These two aspects are seen as the irreducible facets of architecture, those which cannot be dissolved in the event. They are the final levers of action for the architect who is faced with a demand for events

La construction d'immeubles de grande hauteur reste, malgré les débats qu'elle génère, un projet d'actualité dans de nombreuses villes en France. Fort des expériences passées, nombreux sont les projets se tournant aujourd'hui vers le concept de ville verticale. Ces tours multifonctionnelles, mieux ancrées territorialement et ouvertes au public ont alors pour objectif de mieux s'intégrer dans la ville et de permettre une forme d'urbanité. La mise en œuvre de la mixité à l'échelle du bâtiment, la grande hauteur, ainsi que la recherche de qualité urbaine génèrent de nouvelles contraintes techniques, socio-institutionnelles et territoriales peu étudiées à ce jour. En particulier, la complexification des montages de projet, l'enjeu territorial élargi ainsi que le statut particulier des espaces ouverts au public de la tour provoquent de nouveaux questionnements et enjeux public-privé à la fois spatiaux et organisationnels. Dans ce contexte, comment les tours peuvent-elles contribuer à l'urbanité de la ville contemporaine ? En s'appuyant sur une étude comparative de trois projets de tours mixtes franciliens (Phare, Triangle et Duo), ainsi que sur un état de l'art sur la grande hauteur et le concept d'urbanité, nous proposons une typologie des tours au regard de leur contribution à la ville. En développant une approche dynamique de la dimension urbaine des projets de tours au cours de leur fabrication, nous proposons ensuite un outil d'analyse des «trajectoires de projet» dans le temps. Une corrélation apparaît finalement entre ces trajectoires urbaines et les étapes de leur fabrique, et permet une montée en généralité sur les processus de production des différents idéaux-types de tours et de leur urbanité / Despite a controversial scientific and societal debate, building skyward is experiencing a new rise in French cities. This is reflected in the emergence of new high-rise forms: mixed-use towers and even “vertical cities“. Both are usually conceived as more accessible to the public, more linked to the ground, and more “urban». The implementation of mixed-use, height and urban quality in skyscrapers generates a system of specific technical, social and territorial constraints which are little studied so far. New public-private issues concerning both spatial and organisational considerations are caused by the very complexity of the project, the significant impact of the building on its surroundings, as well as the special status of its privately-owned spaces that are open to the public. In this context how can high-rises be produced and contribute to the urbanity of contemporary cities ? First based on a comparative study of three mixed-use tower projects within the Paris region (Phare, Triangle and Duo), then on a literature review of high-rise buildings and the concept of urbanity, we establish a typology of “urban towers“. These are classified according to their relation and their impact on the city. By developing a new dynamic approach of the urban issue of tower projects during their fabrication, we create an analytical tool which can identify temporal “project trajectories“.Finally, we find a correlation between these project trajectories and the stages of their implementation. This allows us to analyse the production process of each class of tower and their urbanity

In general, tall buildings, some of which are termed as &ldquo / skyscrapers&rdquo / , are among the typical and almost unavoidable features of the metropolitan cities. There is a competititive race of constructing higher and higher buildings since the birth of the infamous Home Insurance Building in Chicago which is still considered to be the pioneer of the modern tall buildings. Recently, an efficient service core design is strongly needed and inquired with the increase in height and capacity of tall buildings. Such needs and demands are primarily due to the circulation volume of occupants since height has an adverse effect on the size and capacity of the service core. This thesis investigates the features of service cores that play an important role in the planning considerations of tall building design, and their effect on architectural, structural and sustainable design. Within this context, a classification of service cores based on their location in architectural design is proposed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMFB.pdf: 12924718 bytes, checksum: a2a9aa316f9b1cfca133881538c8d7aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-09 / The civil construction management has been taken more attention of civil construction companies in aim alternatives to enhancing theirs management process, main that work with building construction because the growing competition and the exigency of their invest. In this set, the strategic planning is fundamental for the development and success of business because generates data that will guide the balance between the production planning expectation and the necessary costs for concluding a project. The supply of planning data and performances of building construction is get to divide of the simulation of the production strategy. The planning production represents the strategies because its products are some information: schedules, graphs and reports to arrive the execution efficiency. This research presents analyze the conduct of two different construction systems variables of three construction strategies. The construction systems studied were traditional construction system and the external walls in reinforced concrete construction system. The production strategies simulated concentrated in analyse only the tower and were without inversion of services; with partial inversion of services; and with total inversion of services. Like product of this research to claim develop a systematization to value and choose the production strategies to attend by the tall building construction companies. / O gerenciamento em obras de construção civil vem recebendo atenção por parte das empresas na busca de alternativas para melhorar seus processos de gestão da produção. Isso ocorre principalmente em empresas que trabalham com construção de edifícios para o mercado imobiliário, face à competitividade e exigências estabelecidas por seus investidores. Neste contexto, as estratégias de execução são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento e sucesso do negócio , pois delas decorrem a forma de como serão aproveitados os recursos físicos e financeiros disponibilizados. Através de simulações de estratégias de execução são fornecidos diversos dados de planejamento ao subsetor edificações. Tais estratégias são representadas pelo planejamento da produção através da geração de informações: cronogramas, gráficos e relatórios. Dessa forma, este trabalho analisa o comportamento das variáveis de produção de dois sistemas construtivos através da proposição de três diferentes estratégias de execução. Os sistemas estudados foram o sistema construtivo tradicional e o sistema construtivo com paredes externas em concreto moldado in loco . As estratégias de execução simuladas concentraram-se na análise dos serviços da torre do edifício vertical, sendo propostas as seguintes seqüências: sem inversão dos serviços, com inversão total dos serviços e com inversão parcial dos serviços. Os principais resultados desta pesquisa são apresentados na forma de parâmetros e gráficos que facilitam a avaliação e seleção de estratégias de execução a serem seguidas pelas empresas que executam edifícios verticais.

Tall buildings are wind-sensitive structures and could experience high wind-induced effects. Aerodynamic boundary layer wind tunnel testing has been the most commonly used method for estimating wind effects on tall buildings. Design wind effects on tall buildings are estimated through analytical processing of the data obtained from aerodynamic wind tunnel tests. Even though it is widely agreed that the data obtained from wind tunnel testing is fairly reliable the post-test analytical procedures are still argued to have remarkable uncertainties. This research work attempted to assess the uncertainties occurring at different stages of the post-test analytical procedures in detail and suggest improved techniques for reducing the uncertainties. Results of the study showed that traditionally used simplifying approximations, particularly in the frequency domain approach, could cause significant uncertainties in estimating aerodynamic wind-induced responses. Based on identified shortcomings, a more accurate dual aerodynamic data analysis framework which works in the frequency and time domains was developed. The comprehensive analysis framework allows estimating modal, resultant and peak values of various wind-induced responses of a tall building more accurately. Estimating design wind effects on tall buildings also requires synthesizing the wind tunnel data with local climatological data of the study site. A novel copula based approach was developed for accurately synthesizing aerodynamic and climatological data up on investigating the causes of significant uncertainties in currently used synthesizing techniques. Improvement of the new approach over the existing techniques was also illustrated with a case study on a 50 story building. At last, a practical dynamic optimization approach was suggested for tuning structural properties of tall buildings towards attaining optimum performance against wind loads with less number of design iterations.

No description available.