A economia do hidrogênio apresenta um novo horizonte para suprir a crescente demanda global por energia. As células a combustível são os dispositivos que possibilitam a utilização do hidrogênio (H2) como um interessante vetor energético uma vez que ele não emite CO2 ao reagir com o oxigênio (O2), gerando H2O e energia elétrica. A produção do hidrogênio pode ocorrer de forma descentralizada e modulada, possibilitando atender às necessidades de comunidades que o sistema estabelecido de distribuição de energia não consegue chegar. Uma célula a combustível, é composta essencialmente por 3 elementos: o anodo, o catodo e o eletrólito. Existem vários materiais disponíveis para aplicação como eletrólito em células a combustível, mas o que mais se destaca é a zircônia estabilizada com óxido de ítrio (ZEI). Devido às suas características químicas e elétricas, a zircônia estabilizada é bastante pesquisada como eletrólito de células a combustível do tipo óxido sólido (CaCOS) e conformada por colagem de fitas (tape casting). A colagem de fitas é um dos meios mais baratos, simples e eficientes para conformar suspensões cerâmicas em lâminas finas, contribuindo para seu uso em células a combustível. Considerando esses aspectos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade de conformação de fitas cerâmicas de zircônia estabilizada produzidas a partir da extração do minério nacional zirconita. É consenso na literatura que suspensões cerâmicas devem ser obtidas a partir de pós com baixa área superficial (geralmente entre 0,5 a 10m2/g). No presente trabalho, as fitas foram coladas a partir de pós com elevada área superficial (geralmente entre 40 a 80m2/g). O uso do potencial zeta é recomendado para avaliar a quantidade de polieletrólito que deve ser empregada em uma determinada suspensão. No entanto, para suspensões com elevada concentração de sólidos, faz-se necessário o uso da curva de fluxo do material, devido a compressão da dupla camada elétrica. Para os estudos de reologia, o pó cerâmico calcinado foi submetido a uma classificação, em um conjunto de peneiras ABNT com diferentes aberturas de malha e descartando a fração mássica retida em malha 60. Suspensões destes pós cerâmicos foram usadas para a determinação das curvas de fluxo, fato que possibilitou a conformação dos laminados cerâmicos. Para a colagem de fitas, é necessário o uso de plastificantes e ligantes. Dentre os disponíveis, o álcool polivinílico (PVA) foi usando como ligante e o 1,2,3 propano-triol (glicerina) como plastificante. Atuando em sinergismo e em proporção adequada (2,25:1) de glicerina em relação ao PVA, foi possível obter fitas cerâmicas com as características desejadas para aplicação em células a combustível. STUDY / The hydrogen economy has been risen as new option for supply the growing global demand for energy. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device able to use hydrogen as a energy source. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is very low so it is ecologically friendly, once energy is produced by a reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. The production of energy from hydrogen fuelled devices can be done even in small unities and in a distributed way. It can bring energy for isolated communities, where traditional energy distribution systems can not be reached. A fuel cell is composed essentially of 3 components: anode, cathode and the electrolyte. In present days, there are many materials proposed for use as electrolyte in fuel cells. Among then, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most studied and effectively used in solid oxide fuel cell. Tape casting technology is a cheap, simple and efficient way to cast ceramics slurries in laminates thick enough to be used as components for fuel cells. Considering theses aspects, in this work, ceramic thin film forming was studied using tape casting technology with raw materials prepared from Brazilian zircon ores. It is described in literature that ceramic slurries are generally made from powders with low surface area (often between 0,5 to 10m2/g), and the powders used in this study had larger surface area (often between 40 to 80m2/g). The use of zeta potential is indicated to study the stability of a suspension of ceramic powders. However, for suspensions with large concentration of solid, it is also necessary to determine the flow curve, because in these conditions, the double electric layer formed during the stabilization of suspensions can be compressed. In the rheologic properties study, calcined ceramic powders were classified using a set of ABNT series screens and separated and retained by the de mesh 60 screen. Flow curve of suspension was determined in aqueous suspensions of these powders. For tape casting processing, a binder and a plasticizer have to be added to the suspensions to produce YSZ substrates. Poly(vinyalcohol) (PVA) and glycerine were used as binder and plasticizer, respectively, in this work. By the effect of both additives, at a glycerine to PVA rate of 2,25:1, it was possible to produce YSZ substrates.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have attracted much interest as the most efficient electrochemical device to directly convert chemical energy to usable electrical energy. The porous Ni-YSZ anode known as the state-of-the-art cermet anode material is found to show serious degradation when using hydrocarbon as fuel due to carbon deposition, sulphur poisoning, and nickel sintering. In order to overcome these problems, doped strontium titanate has been investigated as a potential anode material due to its high electronic conductivity and stability in reducing atmosphere. In this work, A-site deficient strontium titanate co-doped with lanthanum and calcium, La₀.₂Sr₀.₂₅Ca₀.₄₅TiO₃ (LSCT[sub](A-)), was examined. Flat multilayer ceramics have been produced using the aqueous tape casting technique by controlling the sintering behaviour of LSCT[sub](A-), resulting in a 450µm thick porous LSCT[sub](A-) scaffold with a well adhered 40µm dense YSZ electrolyte. Impregnation of CeO₂ and Ni results in a maximum power density of 0.96Wcm⁻² at 800°C, higher than those of without impregnation (0.124Wcm⁻²) and with impregnation of Ni alone (0.37Wcm⁻²). The addition of catalysts into LSCT[sub](A-) anode significantly reduces the polarization resistance of the cells, suggesting an insufficient electrocatalytic activity of the LSCT[sub](A-) backbone for hydrogen oxidation, but LSCT[sub](A-) can provide the electronic conductivity required for anode. Later, the cells with the configuration of LSCT[sub](A-)/YSZ/LSCF-YSZ were prepared by the organic tape casting and impregnation techniques with only 300-m thick anode as support. The effects of metallic catalysts in the anode supports on the initial performance and stability in humidified hydrogen were discussed. The nickel and iron impregnated LSCT[sub](A-) cell exhibits a maximum powder density of 272mW/cm² at 700°C, much larger than 43mW/cm² for the cell without impregnation and 112mW/cm² for the cell with nickel impregnation. Simultaneously, the bimetal Ni-Fe impregnates have significantly reduced the degradation rates in humidified hydrogen (3% H₂O) at 700°C. The enhancement from impregnation of the bi-metal can possibly be the result of the presence of ionic conducting Wustite Fe₁₋ₓO that resides underneath the Ni-Fe metallic particles and better microstructure. Third, in order to improve the ionic conductivity of the anode support and increase the effective TPBs, ionic conducting ceria was impregnated into the LSCT[sub](A-) anode, along with the metallic catalysts. The CeO₂-LSCT[sub](A-) cell shows a poor performance upon operation in hydrogen atmosphere containing 3% H₂O; and with addition of metallic catalysts, the cell performance increases drastically by almost three-fold. However, the infiltrated Ni particles on the top of ceria layer cause the deposition of carbon filament leading to cell cracking when exposure to humidified methane (3% H₂O). No such behaviour was observed on the CeO₂-NiFe impregnated anode. The microstructure images of the impregnated anodes at different times during stability testing demonstrate that the grain growth of catalysts, the interaction between the anode backbone and infiltrates, and the spalling of the agglomerated catalysts are the main reasons for the performance degradation. Fourth, the YSZ-LSCT[sub](A-) composites including the YSZ contents of 5-80wt.% were investigated to determine the percolation threshold concentration of YSZ to achieve electronic and ionic conducting pathways when using the composite as SOFC anode backbone. The microstructure and dilatometric curves show that when the YSZ content is below 30%, the milled sample has a lower shrinkage than the unmilled one due to the blocking effect from the well distributed YSZ grains within LSCT[sub](A-) bulk. However, at the YSZ above 30% where two phases start to form the individual and interconnected bulk, the composites without ball milling process show a lower densification. The impact of YSZ concentration and ball milling process on the electrical properties of the composites reveals that the percolation threshold concentration is not only dependant on the actual concentration, but also related to the local arrangement of two phases. In Napier University, the electroless nickel-ceramic co-depositon process was investigated as a manufacturing technique for the anodes of planar SOFCs, which entails reduced costs and reduced high-temperature induced defects, compared with conventional fabrication techniques. The Ni-YSZ anodes prepared by the electroless co-deposition technique without the addition of surfactant adhere well to the YSZ electrolyte before and after testing at 800°C in humidified hydrogen. Ni-YSZ anodes co-deposited with pore-forming starch showed twice the maximum power density compared with those without the starch. It has therefore been demonstrated that a porous Ni-YSZ cermet structure was successfully manufactured by means of an electroless plating technique incorporating pore formers followed by firing at 450°C in air. Although the use of surfactant (CTAB) increases the plating thickness, it induces the formation of a Ni-rich layer on the electrolyte/anode interface, leading to the delamination of anode most likely due to the mismatched TECs with the adjacent YSZ electrolyte.

No description available.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-02T22:16:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaReginaDeSouzaMacedo_DISSERT.pdf: 2612771 bytes, checksum: d0e8e040494d8075e59346470cd9bef5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-06T22:51:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaReginaDeSouzaMacedo_DISSERT.pdf: 2612771 bytes, checksum: d0e8e040494d8075e59346470cd9bef5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-06T22:51:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaReginaDeSouzaMacedo_DISSERT.pdf: 2612771 bytes, checksum: d0e8e040494d8075e59346470cd9bef5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A diatomita possui uma grande variedade de aplica??es devido as suas propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas, sendo utilizada amplamente como material filtrante por causa da sua elevada porosidade. ? um material que, tamb?m, apresenta propriedades diel?tricas quando no seu estado natural. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a obten??o de uma fita cer?mica produzida a partir da diatomita atrav?s do processo de tape casting, para ser aplicado como em capacitores diel?tricos. A mat?ria-prima (diatomita) foi caracterizada atrav?s dos ensaios de particulometria, difra??o de raio x (DRX), fluoresc?ncia de raio x (FRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), e por espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). A fita cer?mica foi obtida atrav?s do preparo de uma barbotina com p? de diatomita, solvente, dispersante, ligante, plastificante e antiespumante; a mistura dos materiais foi realizada em um moinho de bolas. Foi realizado o ensaio de reologia para avaliar a viscosidade da suspens?o. A barbotina foi colada sobre um filme e, ap?s 24 horas, foi retirada a fita verde, que foi caracterizada atrav?s de an?lise t?rmica diferencial e termogravim?trica (ATD\ATG), DRX, FRX e MEV. Foi constru?do um capacitor cer?mico diel?trico (prot?tipo) com a fita verde, no qual foram realizadas as medidas el?tricas de capacit?ncia e resist?ncia, e foi obtida a constante diel?trica do material (fita diatomita). A fita verde passou por um tratamento t?rmico para a elimina??o dos org?nicos a uma temperatura de 600?C e com uma taxa de aquecimento de 0,5 ?C\min. A sinteriza??o foi realizada em tr?s temperaturas diferentes (1000?C, 1150?C e 1250?C), com uma taxa de aquecimento de 5?C\min. e isoterma de 60 min. A mesma foi ent?o caracterizada atrav?s das an?lises de DRX, MEV, e medidas de densidade e porosidade. Foi observado que as amostras sinterizadas apresentaram muita porosidade na sua microestrutura, entretanto, para as temperaturas de sinteriza??omaiores, houve uma redu??o dessa porosidade. A morfologia da diatomita se manteve para as fitas a verde e sinterizadas, mostrando a sua forma navicular e tubular. A presen?a de poros deve-se a uma caracter?stica t?pica da mat?ria prima (diatomita) utilizada, como tamb?m aos par?metros de processamento, que influenciaram significativamente nas propriedades diel?tricas do material, particularmente da fita a verde. / Diatomite has a wide variety of applications due to its physical and chemical properties and is widely used as a filter material because of its high porosity. It is a material that also has dielectric properties when in its natural state. In this work, a dielectric tape produced from the diatomite was studied through the tape casting process, to be applied in ceramic capacitors. The raw material (diatomite) was characterized by particulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (FRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) ). The ceramic tape was obtained by the preparation of a slip with diatomite powder, solvent, dispersant, binder, plasticizer and antifoam; The mixing of the materials was carried out in a ball mill. The rheology test was performed to evaluate the viscosity of the suspension. The slip was glued onto a film and, after 24 hours, the green ribbon was removed, which was characterized by differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (ATD \ ATG), DRX, FRX and MEV. A ceramic capacitor (prototype) was built with the green ribbon, in which the electrical capacitance and resistance measurements were performed, and the dielectric constant of the material (diatomite tape) was obtained as a function of the frequency used. The green ribbon underwent a heat treatment, for the removal of organics, at a temperature of 600 ? C and a heating rate of 0.5 ? C / min. The sintering was performed at three different temperatures (1000 ? C, 1150 ? C and 1250 ? C), with a heating rate of 5 ? C / min. And 60 min isotherm. The sintered tape was characterized by the XRD and SEM analyzes, and the results obtained for the measurements of density and porosity. It was observed that the sintered samples presented high porosity in their microstructure, however, for the higher sintering temperatures, there was a reduction of this porosity. The diatomite morphology was maintained for the green and sintered bands, showing its navicular and tubular shape. The presence of pores is due to a typical characteristic of the raw material (diatomite) used, as well as to the processing parameters, which significantly influenced the physical and dielectric properties of the material, particularly green tape. The crystalline structure, the microstructure, and the values of density and porosity obtained for the sintered tape varied according to the dilatometric behavior of the material due to alotropic transformations of the diatomite with temperature. The values of dielectric constants ranged from approximately 123.78 to 17.73 for low and high frequencies, respectively, of the green ribbon.

This thesis deals with fabrication and optimization of lead-free piezoceramics based on (Ba0,85Ca0,15Zr0,1Ti0,9)O3 (BCZT). The BCZT precursor powder was synthesized by sol-gel method. Dependence of relative density, microstructure, phase structure and piezoelectric properties on the sintering temperature in a range from 1300–1500 °C was studied on disc shaped samples, which were prepared by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) using pressure of 700 MPa. It was found, that sintering at 1300 and 1350 °C leads to ceramics with fine-grain microstructure, which exhibits poor piezoelectric properties (d*33 = 50 pC·N1 and 65 pC·N1, respectively). The highest value of piezoelectric charge coefficient was obtained by sintering at 1500 °C (d*33 = 390 pC·N1). Furthermore, BCZT thick films were prepared by tape casting. The composition of the ceramic slurry was optimized and various sintering techniques were tested to obtain completely flat films of BCZT ceramics. The correct sintering configuration has not been found. The least deformation of the films was achieved when the samples were sintered hung on the ZrO2 rod. The highest value of d*33 for BCZT films was measured when the sample was sintered at 1400 °C with the dwell time for 4 h (d*33 = 340 pC·N1).

The manufacturing of UHTC materials has significantly advanced over recent years, allowing for the development of new microstructures, architectures, shapes, and geometries to explore new properties and applications for these materials beyond aerospace. One of the UHTCs, titanium diboride (TiB2) exhibits high electrical and thermal conductivity that could satisfy the needs of functional ceramic component applications, like battery cathodes, by tailoring its microstructure and architecture. This thesis represents one of the first detailed studies to understand how the processing-microstructure-properties relationship of TiB2 can be shifted to explore new applications. In order to do that, TiB2 has been manufactured with a processing technique never used before, with significant porosity, exploration of which has been very limited for this material. Additionally, this thesis also explores the synthesis and utilization of novel anisotropic particles to further explore this material relationship. In this work, aqueous tape casting of TiB2 has been investigated. Zeta potential measurements and suspension rheology were used to understand the role of dispersant, binder and plasticizer in the suspension and their interaction with the surface chemistry of the TiB2 particles to develop a stable, homogenous suspension, with minimum additive amounts (0-2 wt%). Homogeneous, flexible and strong TiB2 tapes were prepared using suspensions with 30 vol% solids and characterized to compare different compositions, mixing methods, and thicknesses. The characterization shows the tailoring of the properties as a function of the controlled suspension formulation with minimum amount of additives. Green tapes with 2 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% binder, and 2 wt% plasticizer had similar microstructure to those with half the plasticizer but quintuple the Young's modulus (1.96 GPa). The effect on other relevant properties is also discussed. Tape casting aligns anisotropic particles along the direction of casting, which can be taken advantage of for increasing fracture toughness directionally or producing aligned pore networks using sacrificial fillers. The relationship between alignment, porosity, and the mechanical properties of titanium diboride has not been studied. In this work, we characterize the porous sintered bodies produced through aqueous tape casting of non-spherical TiB2 particles of aspect ratio close to 1, as well as composites with an added high aspect ratio particle (2 wt% PCN-222). Synthesis of uniform, spherical ZrC is difficult and generally not cost-effective, as is the case for most ultra-high temperature ceramics. High aspect ratio particles for reinforcement of ceramic composites are even more difficult to synthesize. Metal organic frameworks (MOF) are crystalline coordination polymers composed of multidentate organic linkers bridging metal nodes to form porous structures. Thermal decomposition of MOFs presents a new and cost-effective route to synthesis of ZrC. In this study, heat treatment at 2000°C of MOF PCN-222 produces zirconium carbide (ZrC) within a highly anisotropic particle. The resulting rod-shaped, glass-like carbon matrix embedded with ZrC crystals is described. These rods have potential as reinforcements for iii high temperature applications and as a synthetic route for ultra-high temperature ceramics with unique morphologies. It is the first time that this type of transformation from a MOF into a UHTC has been reported. We have determined through analysis of SEM images that regardless of tape casting speed, about 57% of the TiB2 particles are aligned with the tape casting direction. The mechanical properties are dominated by the effects of the porosity (38%), but the alignment exhibited here could be further exploited for anisotropic behavior across the sintered tapes. Composites cast with high aspect ratio particles exhibited strong alignment in the casting direction. Further work is required to understand the interplay between alignment and porosity and their effects on material properties. / Doctor of Philosophy / Titanium diboride (TiB2) is an ultra-high temperature ceramic with a melting point of 3225°C. Many applications for this material require fully dense structural ceramics, such as cutting tools,1 armor,2 and high temperature structural supports.2,3 These applications rely mainly on the high mechanical strength of TiB2, which is maintained in extreme thermal and chemical environments. The field of knowledge surrounding TiB2 lacks information about the ways that porosity affects its otherwise well-known properties;4,5 to bridge this gap could open up applications for functional and porous ceramics such as lithium-air batteries,6 electrochemical components,7 semiconductors,8 and more. This work intends to provide a foundation for this endeavor by developing for the first time a colloidal suspension formulation that allows for the tape casting of TiB2 and characterizing the resulting porous ceramics. Among these new potential applications, many require thin ceramics less than 1 mm thick—a result which has been accomplished for other materials via tape casting.4,9 This is a wet route of producing ceramics that provides the ability to tailor the surface chemistry of the particles, giving greater control over the stability of the suspension (TiB2 particles suspended in water) and quality of the end product than is afforded by dry processing routes.10 This also allows for more complex shaping than simple pressing, which ultimately saves costs; by producing the near-net shape in the green body before firing, less machining must be done to the sintered body when it is removed from the high temperature furnace.11 In tape casting, the suspension is spread over a substrate by a doctor blade to the desired thickness. It is known that tape casting tends to align anisotropic particles along the direction of casting due to a nonuniform velocity imparted by the shear force of the doctor blade spreading the suspension, an advantage which can provide directional properties in the final ceramic.9 While this process is well known, it has never been applied to the material TiB2 prior to this work. In this work, a suspension is formulated to allow for the tape casting of TiB2 with minimum organic additive content, which is cost-effective and reduces potential for defects. Porosity and alignment in the tape cast specimens are characterized. For comparison, a highly anisotropic or rod-shaped particle (PCN-222, a metal organic framework material) was included in the TiB2 suspensions for tape casting. This metal organic framework (MOF) has been transformed into a high temperature material after thermal treatment at the sintering temperature of 2000°C, showing that the resulting particle is made of glass-like carbon embedded with zirconium carbide (ZrC) crystallites. This particle could be used as a reinforcement for ultra-high temperature ceramics, and in this work was shown to align strongly in the tape casting direction. At the level of porosity (38%) and alignment (57%) in the TiB2 specimens in this study, porosity dominates the mechanical properties. This relationship is shown to be more complicated than lowering the strength by the same proportion that the density is lowered, and various models for understanding the role of porosity on the elastic modulus are explored.

Electrochemical conversion devices are a developing technology that prove to be a viable and more efficient alternative to current environmentally friendly generation devices. As such, constant research has been done in the last few decades to increase their applications and reliability. One of these systems, and the focus of this research, is the single cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). These systems are a developing technology which main caveat is the need of high operating temperatures and costs. As such, most multidisciplinary research has been focused on researching materials and/or processes that help mitigate the costs or lower the operating temperature. The research presented in this paper focused on the manufacturing of a cubic stabilized zirconia (CSZ) electrolyte thin membrane for a single cell SOFC through tape casting. Thus, the process was divided into slurry preparation, tape casting, further processing, and analysis of samples. First the tape was produced reaching optimal viscosity (between 500 to 6000 cP) and minimizing impurities. Then, the slurry was poured into the doctor's blade with a 200 micrometers gap and allowed to dry. Samples were punched from the green tape with a diameter of 28 inches. Afterwards, these samples were pressed and sintered with a force of 218016 N and temperature of 1550 degrees celsius, respectively. These steps are done to maximize density and grain growth and minimize porosity. Lastly, the tape went further analysis and it was stated that further research should be done to determine this tape viability for stationary SOFC application.

No description available.

Ba(Zr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2)O3-£_ (BZCY) shows high proton conductivity as well as high chemical stability over a wide range of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating conditions. Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-£_ (SSC) cathode deposited by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) on SOFC half cell obtained via tape-casting shows porous and reticular microstructure, and the SOFC single cell consists of substrate/ BZCY+NiO/ BZCY/ SSC. The electrolyte thickness decrease from 22 £gm, 20 £gm, 17.6 £gm to 15.1 £gm after sintering as the content of carbon pore former in the corresponding anode functional layer increased from 0.0 wt.%, 5.0 wt.%, 10.0 wt.% to 15.0 wt.%, and the maximum power density of corresponding cells at 700¢J varies from 476.89 mW/cm2, 713.34 mW/cm2, 862.50 mW/cm2 to 706.89 mW/cm2, respectively.

Climate change and environmental degradation, in addition to the challenges of limited fossil fuel resources, have driven governments to pursue creative renewable energy sources. Natural gas and biofuels are limitless energy sources produced from both fossil fuels and biomass that is renewable. SOFCs (Solid Oxide Fuel Cells) are a type of renewable energy system that can convert biofuels into power and heat whenever needed. They often operate at high temperatures (> 850 °C), which allows for fuel flexibility; nevertheless, such high temperatures are associated by rapid material deterioration and performance loss, usually before 40,000 hours of operation. As a result, many recent studies and activities have concentrated on lowering the operating temperature of SOFCs. Lowering the temperature causes decreased ionic conductivity, decreased catalytic activity, and increased carbon deposition on the anode side catalysts. This project aimed at developing an innovative cathode-supported SOFC to be fed by biofuels and operating at low-intermediate temperatures. Colloidal processes and co-sintering were selected to fabricate the final SOFC owing to their flexibility in optimizing the final desired properties and saving more manufacturing costs. The first chapter of this thesis provides an introduction to the essential concepts as well as professional specifics and previous work. The cell design and component materials are defined, as are additional requirements for lowering the operating temperature in SOFCs. Commercialization challenges and recommended solutions are also discussed, which involve the development of both new anode materials and production procedures. The project's goal is detailed at the end of Chapter 1, along with the reasons why various approaches were chosen. Molybdenum was chosen as a suitable anodic material to be doped into LSCF, and tape casting was developed further to create the cathode. The cathode support layer should have a consistent thickness, balanced flexibility and mechanical strength, and better shrinkage qualities. The plasticizer is a high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000), which improves these characteristics. Chapter 2 covers the steps involved in creating the button SOFC, starting with powder synthesis and ending with cathode tape casting. SOFC performance and anode catalytic activity are investigated to assess SOFC durability while fed by biogas. In Chapter 3, the findings are presented and explored in various contexts. Meanwhile, the anode material performance and cathode design and structure receive the greatest attention. Molybdenum was doped into LSCF via auto-combustion, yielding a fine and porous powder form. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that increasing the Mo dopant increases anodic stability. In parallel, flat and crack-free green cathodes with 47% solid loading can be obtained by adjusting the PEG 4000 to binder quantity ratio at 1.00 wt% and drying the tapes at 70% relative humidity. The tapes had an excellent mechanical strength to flexibility ratio, which allowed them to be readily handled and rolled. The tapes benefited from a strong balance of flexibility and mechanical strength, allowing them to be easily handled and rolled while also exhibiting very low residual stresses during subsequent lamination and co-sintering procedures. The final manufactured SOFC revealed a porous anode structure and a less porous cathode layer using electron microscopy. Whereas the electrolyte was dense enough to ensure gas tightness. There was no delamination throughout the cell. The cells were then electrochemically measured, and the reactivity of LSCFMo to various fuels and temperatures was investigated. LSCFMo performed best when fed by methanol at 700 °C, leaving no carbon traces after operation. The very low ohmic resistance of the electrodes indicates a very good design and manufacture technique. A conclusion is presented in the final section of this thesis to highlight the most significant achievements of this research.