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Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η παρασκευή και μελέτη λιποσωμάτων διπλής στόχευσης με το μονοκλωνικό αντίσωμα Ox-26 και με πεπτιδικό ανάλογο της Απολιποτρωτεΐνης Ε3 (ApoE3) στην επιφάνειά τους, για στόχευση των υποδοχέων της τρανσφερρίνης (TfR) και της Απολιποτρωτεΐνης (LDL) αντίστοιχα, και η μελέτη πιθανής συνεργικής δράσης των δύο προσδετών. Για την ακινητοποίηση των προσδετών στην επιφάνεια των λιποσωμάτων, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο μεθοδολογίες. Η αλληλεπίδραση βιοτίνης-στρεπταβιδίνης-βιοτινυλιωμένου αντισωματος για την πρόσδεση του Ox-26 και η τεχνική της δημιουργίας θειοαιθερικού δεσμού (μέσω πρόσδεσης της κυστεΐνης του πεπτιδίου σε ομάδα μαλεϊμίδιου που υπάρχει σε λιπιδικό παράγωγο πολθαιθυλενογλυκόλης, το οποίο προστίθεται στη λιπιδική μεμβράνη κατα τη διάρκεια παρασκευής των λιποσωμάτων). Στη συνέχεια, προσδιορίστηκε η απόδοση της πρόσδεσης αυτών, ακολουθώντας δύο πορείες με σκοπό την επίτευξη μέγιστης πρόσδεσης και για τους δύο προσδέτες. Τα λιποσώματα χαρακτηρίστηκαν ως προς το μέγεθος, το ζ-δυναμικό, καθώς και τη σταθερότητά τους παρουσία πρωτεϊνών ορού. Το μέσο μέγεθος των λιποσωμάτων προσδιορίστηκε μεταξύ 150-200nm. Τόσο το μέγεθος, όσο και η σταθερότητα των λιποσωμικών μορφώμ Πραγματοποιήθηκαν μελέτες πρόσληψης με τη χρήση ανθρώπινων αθανατοπιημένων ενδοθηλιακών κυττάρων του εγκεφάλου, hCMEC/d3, όπου η πρόσληψη των λιποσωμάτων που φέρουν και τους δύο προσδέτες παρουσιάζεται μεγαλύτερη συγκριτικά με τα λιποσώματα που φέρουν μόνο έναν προσδέτη στην επιφάνεια τους, όπως επίσης και σε σύγκριση με απλά λιποσώματα μακράς κυκλοφορίας στο αίμα, που δεν φέρουν κανένα ειδικό προσδέτη. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν, επίσης, μελέτες τοξικότητας όλων των λιποσωμικών μορφών, οι οποίες απέδειξαν πως όλοι οι τύποι λιποσωμάτων που αναπτύχθηκαν δεν εμφανίζουν τοξικότητα προς τα κύτταρα, σε συνθήκες παρόμοιες με αυτές στις οποίες πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα in vitro πειράματα, αποδεικνύοντας ότι το πειραματικό αποτέλεσμα (αυξημένη πρόσληψη των λιποσωμάτων με διπλό σύστημα προσδετών από κύτταρα του εγκεφάλου) δεν οφείλεται σε τοξικότητα. Τελικό συμπέρασμα της παρούσας διατριβής είναι ότι η χρήση δύο διαφορετικών προσδετών στο ίδιο λιπόσωμα προσφέρει μεγαλύτερη ικανότητα στόχευσης του αιματεγκεφαλικού φραγμού, και πιθανώς μεγαλύτερη δυνατότητα διαπέρασης στον εγκέφαλο. / The aim of this study is the preparation of dually decorated liposomes with Ox26 monoclonal antibody and ApoE 3 derivative peptide on their surface and the investigation of a higher targeting potential of Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), as they are targeting both transferrin (Tfr) and apolipoprotein (LDLr) receptors. Two methods were used for the preparation of dually decorated liposomes. Biotin-streptavidin-biotinilated Mab, for Ox26 aattachement, and maleimide-cysteine-peptide for attachment of the ApoE3 peptide derivative. Two procedures were followed in order to achieve high attachment yield of both ligands, as calculated by ELISA technique for Ox26 and fluorescence intensity for ApoE. All types of liposomes were characterized for their size, z-potential and their stability in PBS or in the presence of serum proteins. Mean diameter of all types of liposomes was between 150-200nm, and their integrity and stability were found to be adequate for in vivo use. Uptake studies were performed by using hCMEC/d3 cell line. The uptake of ApoE liposomes or Ox26 liposomes, is demonstrated to be higher compare to the uptake of plain pegylated liposomes, while the uptake is further increased when both two ligands are immobilized on the same vesicle. MTT studies were also performed for all types of liposomes and proved that all the liposomal types developed herein were non toxic for the cells, in the same conditions as used in all in-vitro studies.

Memory updating has been established; however, the mechanism supporting this alteration process is subject to disagreement. Reconsolidation theorists argue that memory updating occurs via an old memory becoming reactivated and returned to a state of susceptibility. In this state, newly presented details can become incorporated into the existing memory. As such, memory updating is an effect of old memory reactivation and new information encoding. In contrast, temporal context theory argues that the temporal context in which the old memory was initially formed is reinstated. Newly presented information becomes tagged to the old context. Therefore, at retrieval, when the old context is reinstated again, the initially bound information and the newer information are simultaneously retrieved. Within this theoretical framework, memory modification is the result of retrieval effects. In contrast, this three-paper dissertation provides evidence that reconsolidation is, at least in part, a combined reactivation and encoding effect. In paper 1, I present neural evidence of both old memory reactivation and new encoding, which demonstrates 1) that strength at reactivation predicts the likelihood that a memory will be modified and 2) that greater brain activation during new encoding predicts the extent of accurate recognition. In paper 2, I show that encoding conditions affect the extent to which new information will be misattributed to the old memory. I demonstrate that learners update explicitly encoded memories but not implicitly coded ones. Lastly, in paper 3, I demonstrate that old memories can be reactivated and altered during sleep. When old-memory reactivation is paired with a forget cue, a subsequent degeneration of the memory and its details ensues. In sum, all three papers provide evidence in support of the reconsolidation theory that memory updating occurs during old-memory reactivation and new encoding.

Ecommerce sales were expected to increase to $4.8 trillion dollars in 2021 for online retailers in the United States. Behavioral marketers increase sales and revenue by targeting potential customers based on the use of ecommerce consumers' personal information. This correlational research study was framed with the theory of planned behavior. The participants were behavioral marketers based in the United States who completed an online survey. The data were analyzed using multiple regressions and analysis of variance analyses to answer the research question. The results of the analysis answered the research question regarding the correlation between behavioral marketer's attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC), especially concerning the collection of ecommerce consumers' personal information. The results of the analyses indicated attitude is a strong predictor for behavior intention, as indicated by a positive correlation. The ρ value was greater than .05; therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. The social norms and PBC variables were not significant. Social norms resulted in F (14,18) = 2.298, ρ = .026. The p value is less than .05; therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. PBC results were F (78,5) = 4.263, ρ = .048. The p value was less than .05; therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. The findings showed that behavioral marketers have a strong correlation between their attitude and intention to protect ecommerce privacy. Behavioral managers might benefit from this study and contribute to social change by taking the lead in their organizations to change data collection methods to reduce the number of security breaches.

Evofosfamide, also formerly known as TH-302, is an investigational hypoxia-activated prodrug and is used to target cancerous cells under hypoxic conditions, which is a feature possessed by multiple solid tumors including pancreatic tumors. Gemcitabine, a cytotoxic agent, has for many years been the standard first-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer in patients. In recent years, combination chemotherapeutic therapies have provided a new avenue for molecular targeting by increasing the probability of eliminating the cancer and minimizing the likelihood of resistance. We have evaluated multiple studies in an effort to shed light on an emerging prodrug, evofosfamide, which operates by selectively targeting the tumor hypoxic compartment. A web-based literature search was performed through PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords 'evofosfamide', 'TH-302,' and 'pancreatic tumor.' Of the available results, 53 relevant studies were reviewed and summarized. Chemotherapeutic agents such as evofosfamide, which targets tumor hypoxia, are new agents against cancer cells. Current experience with these agents is limited as additional and longer prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical efficacy and postmarketing safety profile.