Quantile is a basic and an important quantity of a random variable. In some distributions, their quantiles have closed-form expressions. However, for many continuous distributions, the closed-form expressions of their quantiles do not exist. Yu and Zelterman (2011) and Chang (2004) have proposed an approximation of quantiles. In this paper, we propose an improved method which is combined the Taylor expansion with Newton¡¦s method. Some examples are given to compare the computing time of the method we proposed with the methods in Yu and Zelterman (2011) and Chang (2004).

The effect of single mode initial conditions at the interface of Rayleigh-Taylor(RT) mixing are experimentally examined utilizing the low Atwood number water channel facility at Texas A&M. The water channel convects two separated stratified flows and unifies them at the end of a splitter plate. The RT instability is attained by convecting a cold stream above a warmer stream. Average density calculations are based on long time average optical measurements. The water channel was modifified with a flapper fin like device at the end of the splitter plate which was actuated by a computer controlled servo motor. Other modifications to the experiment were implemented resulting in reduced uncertainty. The experiment examined five different modes in addition to the baseline: 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, and 8 cm wavelengths. The mixing width growth rates were shown to be dependent on initial conditions. Additionally, it appears that the growth rates commence with terminal velocity and are observed to line up with the baseline case.

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In this thesis, an efficiency method for reducing the rotation ROM size in table-based architecture is proposed. The original rotation can be divided into two stages, coarse stage and fine stage. Our approach modifies the previous two-stage rotation method and proposes a multi-stage architecture and discuses three-stage phase calculation. The effect of table reduction is more apparently for higher accuracy requirement in the three-stage architecture. The total area of the previous two-stage architecture is larger than the proposed table-reduced three-stage architecture because the table size takes a significant ratio of the total area especially when the required bit accuracy is large. In the proposed three-stage design, there are two different types of architectures, depending on the rotation angles in the first and second rotation stages. Comparison of different types of architecture with the previous method shows that our designs indeed reduce the table size and the total area significantly.

Nous avons modélisé numériquement la stabilité d'un système de deux couches d'un même fluide pur supercritique soumis à une différence de température initiale à l'interface. La grande compressibilité et la faible diffusivité thermique des fluides critiques entraînent une instabilité gravitationnelle de type Rayleigh-Taylor de la couche de diffusion. Cette instabilité est similaire à celle que l'on retrouve dans le cas de deux fluides miscibles à condition de remplacer le coefficient de diffusion moléculaire par celui de la diffusion thermique. Nos résultats numériques semblent être consistants, d'un point de vue de la relation de dispersion dans le cas linéaire, avec ceux de Duff et al. [Duf62] considérés dans le cas de deux fluides miscibles. Nous avons aussi montré que, lorsque l'épaisseur de la couche inférieure devient plus petite que l'épaisseur de la couche de diffusion thermique basée sur le taux de croissance maximal alors le système devenait stable. Un diagramme de stabilité a été établi en fonction de trois paramètres: l'épaisseur de la couche inférieure, la différence de densité entre les deux couches et la distance au point critique. Lorsque l'on s'approche du point critique, la stratification devient de plus importante (à cause de la forte compressibilité) et tend à stabiliser la configuration. Par ailleurs, le filtrage acoustique initialement utilisé afin de réduire les coûts de calcul, ne s'est pas avéré nécessaire puisque la méthode des volumes finis est naturellement filtrante (formulation intégrale ou variationnelle des équations).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-232).

Zugl.: München, Hochsch. für Philosophie, Diss., 2009

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of English Language anf Literature, August, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 174-184).

Mixing is a common feature of stratified fluids. In stratified fluids the density varies with the height. This is true for the most fluids in geophysical environments, like lakes, the atmosphere or the ocean. Turbulent mixing plays a crucial role for the overall energy budget of the earth and has therefore an huge impact on the global climate. By introducing the mixing efficiency, it is possible to quantify mixing. It is defined as the ratio of gain of potential energy to the injection of mechanical energy. In the ocean energy provided by tidal forces leads to turbulence and thus highly dense water is lifted up from the deep sea to the surface. For this process, a mixing efficiency of 0.2 is estimated. Until now it is not completely understood how this high value can be achieved. Thus we measured the mixing efficiency by using a Couette-Taylor system, which can produce steady-state homogeneous turbulence. This is similar to what we find in the ocean. The Couette-Taylor system consists of two concentric cylinders that can be rotated independently. In between a stratified fluid is filled using salt as a stratifying agent. In the laboratory experiment, we obtained mixing efficiencies in the order of 0.001 as a result. Moreover we found that the mixing efficiency decreases with decreasing stratification like previous laboratory experiments have shown. As this value is two orders of magnitude smaller than what we find in the ocean, further studies will be necessary. / text