The biggest technical development within the field of surgery is focused on minimal invasive procedures. With new robot assisted solutions can the surgeons work more precise with a great level of flexibility. The work is nevertheless connected to a long set-up time and big costs. This project, based on pure user studies and in-depth surgery observations, discovers a possibility to, in a cost efficient way, offer robot benefits to an open surgery scenario. With a minimal effort can the surgeon merge the suggested product concept into their regular workflow and enhance the stability in their movements, get improved vision and aid in holding tissue in static positions.

Developing nations are facing many comparable issues: unemployment, lack of housing, erratic or nonexistent utilities, and a growing sanitation challenge. This research examined the process of building a sustainable home in Honduras from conception to construction. A new roof framing system using reinforced concrete filled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing was designed and implemented. Socio-economic aspects such as skills acquisition, alternative construction approaches, community involvement and building cost were evaluated. Local norms and practices were respected to ensure the home was acceptable and maintainable. An important part of this research was the involvement of engineering and architecture students through Service Learning. Students designed and constructed various aspects of the home and studies were conducted to evaluate how their in-country experience impacted their technical, social and professional skills. This research demonstrated that it was possible to utilize local resources to construct a low-cost sustainable home that promotes on-going research in sustainable living.

Developing nations are facing many comparable issues: unemployment, lack of housing, erratic or nonexistent utilities, and a growing sanitation challenge. This research examined the process of building a sustainable home in Honduras from conception to construction. A new roof framing system using reinforced concrete filled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing was designed and implemented. Socio-economic aspects such as skills acquisition, alternative construction approaches, community involvement and building cost were evaluated. Local norms and practices were respected to ensure the home was acceptable and maintainable. An important part of this research was the involvement of engineering and architecture students through Service Learning. Students designed and constructed various aspects of the home and studies were conducted to evaluate how their in-country experience impacted their technical, social and professional skills. This research demonstrated that it was possible to utilize local resources to construct a low-cost sustainable home that promotes on-going research in sustainable living.

Considerando o espaço geográfico como uma das instâncias da sociedade, tal como Milton Santos, discutiu-se neste trabalho a relação entre a segregação socioespacial e a distribuição dos homicídios. A cartografia foi parte importante do instrumental dessa análise. O município de Guarulhos, que integra a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), foi o objeto empírico. Ele foi compreendido como uma realidade mediada pela formação socioespacial brasileira e pelos estágios da técnica, que estão fundamentados na teoria e no método propostos por Milton Santos. No caso, foram identificados os meios geográficos: natural, técnico e técnico-científico-informacional, operando na formação do município. A segregação socioespacial foi interpretada como consequência da acessibilidade desigual aos objetos e serviços sociais, principalmente aos serviços públicos, algo que é ampliado pelo uso seletivo do território por parte dos atores hegemônicos, advindos da construção do meio técnico--científico-informacional. A partir da identificação dos meios geográficos e da percepção da segregação socioespacial identificaram-se as áreas no interior do município, nas quais, relativamente, encontram-se as melhores condições territoriais. Com relação aos mapas, a proposta foi conciliar diferentes possibilidades de representação das informações, de acordo com a leitura espacial que se deseja enfatizar em cada um deles, reafirmando as potencialidades e as limitações dos diferentes tipos de mapas. Nesse sentido, foram construídos mapas com fundo euclidiano para representar os dados absolutos e aqueles que localizavam os objetos pelo território. Por outro lado, foram feitas anamorfoses para os dados que enfatizavam a distribuição da população no interior do município, bem como as informações relativas a ela. Procurou-se ressaltar o potencial da linguagem visual na simplificação das informações, como meio para a sua democratização, o que pode contribuir como instrumento de esclarecimento da população, sobretudo, pelo conteúdo dos mapas. / Considering geographical space as one of the instances of society, like Milton Santos, it was discussed in this work the relationship between sociospatial segregation and the distribution of homicides. Cartography was an important part of this analysis instrumental. The city of Guarulhos, which integrates São Paulo Metropolitan Region (RMSP), was the empirical object. It was understood as a reality mediated by Brazilian sociospatial formation and by the technical stages, grounded on theory and method proposed by Milton Santos. In this case, geographical media were identified: natural, technical and technical-scientific-informational, operating in the city formation. Sociospatial segregation was interpreted as a consequence of unequal access to social objects and services, mainly to public services, something which is amplified by selective use of the territory by the hegemonic actors, arising from the construction of technical-scientific-informational environment. Based on the identification of geographical media and on the perception of sociospatial segregation, areas in the city were identified in which, relatively, the best territorial conditions were found. Relating to maps, the proposal was to conciliate different possibilities of information representation, according to the spatial reading which was to be emphasized in each one, restating the potentialities and limitations of different types of maps. In this sense, Euclidean background maps were constructed to represent absolute data and those which located the objects by territory. On the other hand, anamorphosis was made for the data which emphasized the population distribution in the city, as well as information related to it. It was sought to emphasize the potential of visual language on simplifying information, as a means to its democratization, which can contribute as instrument of clarification for the population, especially, through the maps contents.

Gamification refers to the process whereby game design and game mechanics are applied in non-game contexts to influence behaviour. This research study explores the effects of gamification on piano students' practice of technical elements such as scales, chords, and arpeggios, within the private lesson environment. A control and a treatment group of 10 piano students each were formed across two different private piano studios. A game called Technique Tower was designed for the treatment group, in which the players experienced game elements such as rewards (points, badges, and levels), avatars, and the sharing of their progress in an online social context. Gamification was found to have a positive effect on the number of technical elements students mastered, and on their attitude toward practicing technical elements, while self-efficacy levels were not affected. The educational implications for this finding are discussed.

Gamification refers to the process whereby game design and game mechanics are applied in non-game contexts to influence behaviour. This research study explores the effects of gamification on piano students' practice of technical elements such as scales, chords, and arpeggios, within the private lesson environment. A control and a treatment group of 10 piano students each were formed across two different private piano studios. A game called Technique Tower was designed for the treatment group, in which the players experienced game elements such as rewards (points, badges, and levels), avatars, and the sharing of their progress in an online social context. Gamification was found to have a positive effect on the number of technical elements students mastered, and on their attitude toward practicing technical elements, while self-efficacy levels were not affected. The educational implications for this finding are discussed.

The aim of this thesis is twofold; to gain and understanding of how CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, interacts with industry; and to gain an understanding of how CERN can become a resource for industry. Both parts of the purpose also have implications for the issue of CERN’s usefulness to industry. Starting from the popular argument that scientific research can be useful for society through its potential benefits for industry; the thesis investigates the interaction between CERN and Swedish industry. As a complex research organisation is not a homogenous entity, CERN is regarded as a collection of heterogeneous resources which companies can relate to, and benefit from, in different ways.   It is argued that, in order to understand how CERN can be useful for industry, it is important to understand what CERN is. A substantial part of the thesis is therefore dedicated to describing CERN and its context. Apart from a description of CERN’s activities, structures, and history; the case specifically describes two of the main contact points between CERN and industry; technology transfer and procurement. Of the 15 Swedish companies that constitute the industry part of the study, two of the CERN-industry relationships are elaborated on (Ericsson and ABB). The case is primarily based on interviews with over 90 people carried out at CERN and in Sweden, as well as informal conversations and observations during extended visits at CERN. The findings suggest that companies can gain knowledge (and technologies) from CERN, but that it is through interaction rather than through specialised structures that these resources are acquired. The interaction between CERN and industry is restricted by CERN’s procurement rules, which affects what interaction is possible. The increased focus at CERN on knowledge transfer issues may result in increased transfer, but the study indicates that for this to happen an increased focus on interaction is necessary.

Considerando o espaço geográfico como uma das instâncias da sociedade, tal como Milton Santos, discutiu-se neste trabalho a relação entre a segregação socioespacial e a distribuição dos homicídios. A cartografia foi parte importante do instrumental dessa análise. O município de Guarulhos, que integra a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), foi o objeto empírico. Ele foi compreendido como uma realidade mediada pela formação socioespacial brasileira e pelos estágios da técnica, que estão fundamentados na teoria e no método propostos por Milton Santos. No caso, foram identificados os meios geográficos: natural, técnico e técnico-científico-informacional, operando na formação do município. A segregação socioespacial foi interpretada como consequência da acessibilidade desigual aos objetos e serviços sociais, principalmente aos serviços públicos, algo que é ampliado pelo uso seletivo do território por parte dos atores hegemônicos, advindos da construção do meio técnico--científico-informacional. A partir da identificação dos meios geográficos e da percepção da segregação socioespacial identificaram-se as áreas no interior do município, nas quais, relativamente, encontram-se as melhores condições territoriais. Com relação aos mapas, a proposta foi conciliar diferentes possibilidades de representação das informações, de acordo com a leitura espacial que se deseja enfatizar em cada um deles, reafirmando as potencialidades e as limitações dos diferentes tipos de mapas. Nesse sentido, foram construídos mapas com fundo euclidiano para representar os dados absolutos e aqueles que localizavam os objetos pelo território. Por outro lado, foram feitas anamorfoses para os dados que enfatizavam a distribuição da população no interior do município, bem como as informações relativas a ela. Procurou-se ressaltar o potencial da linguagem visual na simplificação das informações, como meio para a sua democratização, o que pode contribuir como instrumento de esclarecimento da população, sobretudo, pelo conteúdo dos mapas. / Considering geographical space as one of the instances of society, like Milton Santos, it was discussed in this work the relationship between sociospatial segregation and the distribution of homicides. Cartography was an important part of this analysis instrumental. The city of Guarulhos, which integrates São Paulo Metropolitan Region (RMSP), was the empirical object. It was understood as a reality mediated by Brazilian sociospatial formation and by the technical stages, grounded on theory and method proposed by Milton Santos. In this case, geographical media were identified: natural, technical and technical-scientific-informational, operating in the city formation. Sociospatial segregation was interpreted as a consequence of unequal access to social objects and services, mainly to public services, something which is amplified by selective use of the territory by the hegemonic actors, arising from the construction of technical-scientific-informational environment. Based on the identification of geographical media and on the perception of sociospatial segregation, areas in the city were identified in which, relatively, the best territorial conditions were found. Relating to maps, the proposal was to conciliate different possibilities of information representation, according to the spatial reading which was to be emphasized in each one, restating the potentialities and limitations of different types of maps. In this sense, Euclidean background maps were constructed to represent absolute data and those which located the objects by territory. On the other hand, anamorphosis was made for the data which emphasized the population distribution in the city, as well as information related to it. It was sought to emphasize the potential of visual language on simplifying information, as a means to its democratization, which can contribute as instrument of clarification for the population, especially, through the maps contents.

This thesis has studied urban to rural migration, often referred to as counterurbanisation. The study has adapted a mixed method where quantitative statistical data has been complemented with a qualitative interview study. The quantitative results have established to what extent counterurbanization movements flow in Uppsala County. The quantitative results show small flows of migrants, which the qualitative results verify. The study has also investigated people's motivations for the move to more rural areas to determine aligned motives. The results show that the motives are more or less the same as in previous studies and can be summarized in the motivational factors, economy, structure, and behavior. Furthermore, the study has also identified enabling factors that facilitate people's possibility to move to rural areas. The results show that the last decades fast digital and infrastructural development has had an impact on this possibility, where commuting, road network, growing rural communities, internet and remote work are the most crucial enabling factors.

<p>Den svenska Försvarsmakten har under en smärtsam process genomgått en reform från det gamla invasionsförsvaret till det nya insatsförsvaret. Det har i sin tur påverkat var och när uppgifter skall lösas, den mentala förberedelsen syftar inte längre till att enbart försvara rikets gränser. Svenskatrupper finns idag på ett flertal platser världen men jag vill belysa insatsen i Afghanistan. Den svensk/finska kontingenten har förstärkts med Stridsfordon 9040, ett system konstruerat för ett subarktiskt klimat. Denna uppsats vill bidra med en uppfattning om Stridsfordon 90 är lämpad att lösa uppgifter i Afghanistan och i förlängningen ge ett underlag för en diskussion om det är rätt att systemet finns i insatsområdet. Genom att beskriva vägen fram till varför Sverige utvecklade och anskaffade 90-familjen och vilka krav som låg bakom dess konstruktion kan jag tillsammans med en beskrivning av de olika uppgraderingspaketen skapa en förståelse för hur fordonet ser ut idag. Utifrån det jämföra Stridsfordon 90 plutonens uppgifter i Afghanistan med de parametrar som konstruktionen medger till. Uppsatsen visar att Stridsfordon 90 är lämplig i Afghanistan, utifrån ett tekniskt och stridstekniskt resonemang. Fordonets egenskaper ger få begränsningarna i de uppgifter som idag löses i Afghanistan.</p> / <p>During a long time the Swedish Armed Forces has performed reorganization, leaving the old structure with a defence focused at hostile invasions to become a nation performing operations abroad. A change that affects and creates new tasks for own forces. The main effort is no longer to protect the nation border. The Swedish Armed Forces has troops deployed in several locations all over the world but I want to illuminate their commitment in Afghanistan. The Swedish/Finnish contingent has been reinforced by Combat Vehicle 9040 (CV 9040), a system designed to operate in a subarctic climate.This essay wants to contribute with an idea if CV 90 conducts in the proper type of tasks in Afghanistan. The purpose is also to give a foundation for a discussion whether it is right that the system is deployed in the area of responsibility. My intention is to create an understanding of how the vehicle is constructed and what attribute it displays today. In order to do that I will describe on what grounds Sweden chose to develop and acquire the concept called the 90-family and which demands that affected its construction. After that, describe the tasks that the CV90 platoon carries out inAfghanistan and compare it with the parameters that the construction admits. This essay shows that the CV 90 is appropriate in Afghanistan, out of a technical and combattechnical perspective. Out of a construction perspective there are few limitations in the tasks that the vehicle solves today in Afghanistan.</p>