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This study analyzes the technical efficiencies of Turkish electricity distribution companies (21 in total) throughout 2002 and 2009. For this aim, we used six different model specifications, all of which are generated from two different Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) models (Battese ve Coelli (1992&amp / 1995)). At the end of the estimations of the models, it has been seen that the signs and significance levels of the coefficient estimations are very consistent and satisfactory in all models. We also observed consistency between the coefficient estimations of the different models despite the differences in the magnitudes of the coefficient estimations. For example, all model specifications confirm the presence of increasing returns to scale and of a mild technological progress over time in the market. In addition, among the inputs, all inputs except the quality of the electricity delivered are important in enhancing technical efficiency of the electricity distribution companies, according to the all alternative specifications. Again, all models showed that inefficiency effects rather than random error effects are of crucial importance in Turkish electricity distribution market. As for the efficiency estimations of the alternative models, the main conclusion revealed by our study is that efficiency estimations of the Battese ve Coelli (1995) models are remarkably higher than those of the Battese ve Coelli (1992) models. The efficiency estimation differences between Battese and Coelli (1992&amp / 1995) models can be attributed to the environmental variables included into the Battese ve Coelli (1995) models, which are not generally controlled by electricity distribution companies.

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This thesis analyzes the efficiency structure of Turkish agriculture in farm household level by using various models of stochastic frontier analysis. A household level survey conducted in 2002 and 2004 is used in the analysis. Firstly, an efficient production frontier is estimated by a panel data models. By using these estimates, relative importance of production factors and their interaction with various farm specific factors are inspected. The parameters of production frontier show that agricultural production is crucially dependant on land and there is an excessive employment of labor in Turkish agriculture. Secondly, the efficiency scores are estimated at farm household level. The results are reported according to NUTS-II regional classification and many other farm specific characteristics. The western parts of the country are found to be relatively more efficient and there is a high deviation in mean efficiencies of different regions. There is an increase in mean efficiencies of all regions from 2002 to 2004. Besides, crop patterns, farm size, education level of household chief and irrigation are found to be effective on efficiency.

This thesis explored the measurement of performance of New Zealand tertiary education institutions (TEIs) and the demand for their services. This involved analysing the research performance of New Zealand universities, analysing the productive efficiency of New Zealand TEIs and examining the choice of provider by bachelor’s degree starters. Bibliometric data was used to measure the research productivity of New Zealand universities. This showed that following a fall during the early 2000s, the research productivity of New Zealand universities increased following the introduction of the Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF). A multi-dimensional analysis of university research performance between 2000 and 2005 showed that no individual university was top in all four of the performance measures assessed. The overall performance of three universities, Massey University, Lincoln University and Auckland University of Technology, were noticeably below that of the other five universities. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was then applied to input and output data of New Zealand TEIs to analyse their productive efficiency. In 2006, polytechnics that had: low levels of bachelor’s degree provision, were not regionally based, had a high proportion of subcontracting and were larger institutions, achieved higher levels of pure technical efficiency. The analysis showed that several polytechnics could improve their technical efficiency by reducing their scale of operations. In polytechnics, higher technical efficiency was associated with better financial performance. A number of technically efficient polytechnics struggled financially, indicating that the overall efficiency of the polytechnic sector was not high, or the funding model they operate under is not appropriate. The analysis also showed that decreasing bachelor’s degree provision, poor financial performance in the previous year, an increase in provision of community education, was associated with higher growth in total factor productivity between 1996 and 2006. The application of DEA to Australasian university data between 1997 and 2005 showed that New Zealand universities performed relatively well in terms of relative pure technical efficiency, compared with their Australian counterparts. However, the total factor productivity of New Zealand universities increased at a lower rate, on average, than that of the Australian Group of Eight and newer Australian universities. The application of DEA to a dataset of the participating TEIs in the PBRF showed that polytechnics had lower technical efficiency, on average, than other TEIs. The choices of bachelor’s degree starters in 2006 were analysed for evidence of a lack of parity of esteem between university and polytechnic degrees. The results showed that a lack of parity of esteem between polytechnic and university degrees may be influencing student choices. Students from higher deciles schools, with higher secondary school qualifications, Asians, students who travel for study, were all more likely to enrol in a university to start a bachelor’s degree. There was less clear cut evidence of a lack of parity of esteem between selected groupings of New Zealand universities. However, there did appear to be a lack of parity of esteem between the four older metropolitan universities and the two newest universities, with signs the former were held in higher esteem.

O setor agropecuário brasileiro apresentou nas últimas décadas elevadas taxas de crescimento da produtividade total dos fatores (PTF). Conforme dados da Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB, 2016), as culturas de milho e soja situam-se entre as principais cadeias produtivas da agropecuária brasileira, caracterizando o Brasil como um dos principais produtores mundiais dessas culturas. Entretanto, as produtividades médias das culturas de milho e soja observadas em diversas regiões do território nacional apresentam-se aquém daquelas observadas em outros países produtores, indicando que ganhos de eficiência produtiva ainda são possíveis. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho, utilizando a metodologia de fronteira estocástica apresentada por Kumbhakar, Wang e Horncastle (2015), estimou a eficiência técnica dos produtores de milho e soja no Brasil incluindo na análise variáveis institucionais e agronômicas. Foram realizadas duas análises da eficiência técnica, uma considerando apenas os produtores do estado de São Paulo, a partir dos microdados do Levantamento Censitário das Unidades de Produção Agropecuária (LUPA), realizado pelo Instituto de Economia Agrícola no ano safra 2007/2008, e a segunda análise examinando a eficiência técnica em todo o país, utilizando os microdados do Censo Agropecuário 2006 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. Os principais resultados estimados revelaram que os produtores de milho são, na média, tecnicamente menos eficientes que os produtores de soja. Foi observado, também, a importância de técnicas modernas de manejo, como plantio direto, colheita mecanizada e manejo integrado de pragas, e do nível de instrução do produtor como determinantes da eficiência na produção de ambas as culturas no país. / In the last decades, the Brazilian agricultural sector presented high rates of growth of total factor productivity (TFP). According to data from the National Supply Company (CONAB, 2016), corn and soybean crops are among the main productive chains of Brazilian agriculture, characterizing Brazil as one of the main producers of these crops worldwide. However, the average yields of corn and soybean crops observed in several regions of the national territory are lower than those obtained in the other producing countries, indicating that gains in productive efficiency are still possible. In this sense, the present work, using the stochastic frontier methodology presented by Kumbhakar, Wang and Horncastle (2015), analyzed the technical efficiency of corn and soybean producers in Brazi, including in the analysis institutional and agronomic variables . Two analyzes of the technical efficiency were carried out, the first one considering only the producers within the state of São Paulo, based on the microdata of the Censitary Survey of Agricultural Production Units (LUPA), conducted by the Institute of Agricultural Economics in the 2007/2008 crop year, and the second was an analysis to estimate the technical efficiency throughout the country, using the microdata of the Agricultural Census 2006 of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE. The main estimated results showed that corn producers are, on average, technically less efficient than soybean producers. It was also observed the importance of modern management techniques such as tillage, mechanized harvesting and integrated pest management, and the producer level of education for the agricultural efficiency gains in the country.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2266324 bytes, checksum: 94095bd881a1b6eeb44a42f52e82c4bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Education is one of the relevant points in the trajectory of a country towards development, with regard to higher education in recent decades, Brazil was characterized by an expansion of the units of higher education (public and private). In this scenario it becomes relevant to estimate performance indicators to guide decision making. One way to accomplish the estimation of efficiency indicators in sectors that have the participation of the public agent is through modeling nonparametric DEA. Since, in Brazil, until this study, there wasn t the application of classical DEA models for the assessment of simultaneous private and public sectors, where it employs a more judicious treatment in the selection of variables and DMUs to be analyzed, we attempted to if as objective of this work to fill this gap by measuring the technical efficiency of units of higher education (public and private), between the years 2004 to 2007, through the DEA BCC-O, and subsequent evaluation of the performance of IES, as well as the calculation of optimal values (targets) of the inefficient units that can support the planning of targets in the search for efficiency. / A educação é um dos pontos relevante na trajetória de um país rumo ao desenvolvimento, no que diz respeito ao ensino superior, nas últimas décadas, o Brasil se caracterizou por apresentar uma expansão das unidades de ensino superior (públicas e privadas). Nesse cenário torna-se relevante a estimação de indicadores de eficiência para nortear a tomada de decisões. Uma das formas para realizar a estimação de indicadores de eficiência em setores que tenham a participação do agente público é através da modelagem não paramétrica DEA. Dado que, no Brasil, até o presente trabalho, não existia a aplicação de modelos DEA clássicos para a avaliação, simultânea da rede privada e pública, no qual se empregasse um tratamento mais criterioso na seleção das variáveis e DMUs a serem analisadas, buscou-se como objetivo deste presente trabalho preencher tal lacuna por meio da mensuração da eficiência técnica das unidades de ensino superior (públicas e privadas), entre os anos de 2004 a 2007, por meio do modelo DEA BCC-O, e a subseqüente avaliação da performance das IES, bem como, o cálculo dos valores ótimos (targets) das unidades ineficientes que poderão subsidiar o planejamento de metas em busca da eficiência.

Submitted by Nicoli Carolini de Lázari null (nicolicarol@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-21T22:58:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NicoliCaroliniDeLázari_PGAD_TUPA_Fevereiro2017.pdf: 2566566 bytes, checksum: 7acca8a7e2294f9242da9387a0ceda7d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-25T19:25:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lazari_nc_me_tupa.pdf: 2566566 bytes, checksum: 7acca8a7e2294f9242da9387a0ceda7d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T19:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lazari_nc_me_tupa.pdf: 2566566 bytes, checksum: 7acca8a7e2294f9242da9387a0ceda7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo é medir o crescimento da produtividade total dos fatores (PTF) segundo o tamanho dos estabelecimentos agropecuários na região Sudeste entre os Censos Agropecuários de 1985, 1995/96 e 2006, assim como decompor a mudança da PTF em dois componentes, mudança tecnológica e mudança na eficiência técnica. Este objetivo está fundamentado nas hipóteses de que exista heterogeneidade no crescimento da PTF segundo o tamanho dos estabelecimentos, e que distintas fontes expliquem essa heterogeneidade. A metodologia está baseada na análise de fronteira estocástica de produção. Os dados são representativos para os municípios da macrorregião, considerando cinco classes de área: 0-5 ha, 5-20 ha, 20-100 ha, 100-500 ha, 500 e mais ha. Observou-se crescimento da PTF para a região Sudeste. A decomposição deste crescimento apontou a mudança tecnológica como a principal fonte de ganho de produtividade. A mudança na eficiência técnica foi negativa. O crescimento da PTF entre os tamanhos de estabelecimentos e entre as unidades da federação da região Sudeste foi heterogêneo. Os maiores estabelecimentos, 100-500 ha e 500 e mais ha, alcançaram maior crescimento da PTF do que os estabelecimentos das três primeiras classes de área, 0-5 ha, 5-20 ha e 20-100 ha. Para as unidades da federação, notou-se que a PTF do estabelecimento de São Paulo cresceu relativamente mais rápido. / The aim of this paper is to measure the total factor productivity (TFP) growth by farm size in Southeast, from the 1985, 1995/96 and 2006 Agricultural Census, as well as to decompose TFP change into two components, technical change and technical efficiency change. This aim is based on the hypothesis that there is heterogeneity in TFP growth by farm size, and that different sources explain such heterogeneity. The methodology is based on stochastic frontier analysis. The data are aggregated at the municipality level into five size classes: 0-5 ha, 5-20 ha, ha 20-100, 100-500 ha, greater than 500 ha. It was observed productivity growth in Southeast. The decomposition of this growth showed to technical change as the main source of productivity gain. The technical efficiency change was negative. This growth was heterogeneous among size class and among states of the Southeast region. The largest farms, 100-500 ha and greater than 500 ha, achieved higher TFP growth than the first three size classes, 0-5 ha, 5-20 ha and 20-100 ha. Among states, it was noticed that the TFP in São Paulo farm grew relatively faster.