Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diogo Cortiz da Silva.pdf: 3678564 bytes, checksum: 2266883a96f5138d7054404b3cb4fc68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research discusses the role of technological innovation to ensure economic growth and the autonomy of nations. For these purposes, it investigates the current process of technological development and its relationship with the current scientific model. This work considers scientific knowledge as a key pillar in any innovation process, once it is responsible for finding, identifying and extracting value from new phenomena. It starts with the hypothesis that there is still a degree of concentration of scientific dynamics in certain locations, such as in the United States, Europe and some Asian countries, despite the fact that Internet have created a global network for information exchange. This situation occurs because tacit knowledge one kind of knowledge that depends on experience and is the major driver of innovation demand time, interaction and experimentation for its transfer and acquisition, which demonstrates the limitations of the Internet. This research focuses on the United States, European Union and emerging countries that are part of the BRICKs (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Korea), collecting data on scientific production and innovation of each one of them, making it possible to identify the key factors and strategies that put some of these nations in the leading position in innovation. This research shows that Brazil has a fragile ecosystem of innovation due to low scientific production indicators, low quality of education system and especially absence of long-­‐term planning to priority areas. Finally, we point out some trends such as entrepreneurship, interdisciplinary education and collaborative research to create possibilities for acquiring and sharing knowledge, which is essential to stimulate innovation in an emerging nation / Esta pesquisa discute o papel que a inovação tecnológica tem para garantir o crescimento econômico e a autonomia das nações. Para isso, investiga-­‐se sobre o processo atual de desenvolvimento tecnológico e o seu relacionamento com a ordem cientifica do momento. Considera-­‐se o conhecimento científico como um dos principais pilares em qualquer processo de inovação, pois ainda que o acaso possa estar sempre permeando um ambiente de criação, é a ciência que permite encontrar, identificar e extrair valor de novos fenômenos. Parte-­‐se da hipótese de que, apesar da Internet ter criado uma rede global de troca de informação, ainda há certo grau de concentração da dinâmica cientifica em determinadas localidades, como nos Estados Unidos, na Europa e em alguns países da Ásia, o que limita a inovação em outros continentes. Essa situação acontece porque o conhecimento tácito, aquele que depende da experiência e é o grande propulsor da inovação, demanda tempo, interação e experimentação para a sua transferência e aquisição, o que demonstra a limitação da Internet, mas não a elimina por completo como um serviço para propagação do conhecimento. O recorte desta pesquisa enquadra, como objetos de estudos, os Estados Unidos, União Europeia e os países emergentes que formam o bloco BRICK (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e Coréia do Sul), levantando dados sobre a produção científica e inovação de cada um deles, possibilitando identificar os principais fatores e estratégias que colocam algumas dessas nações na posição de liderança em inovação, enquanto outras são deixadas na retaguarda do desenvolvimento tecnológico. Esta pesquisa aponta que o Brasil apresenta um frágil ecossistema de inovação por ter baixos indicadores de produção científica, baixa qualidade de educação e principalmente ausência de planejamento a longo prazo para áreas prioritárias. Por fim, aponta-­‐se algumas tendências como empreendedorismo, educação interdisciplinar e pesquisas colaborativas para criar possibilidades de aquisição e compartilhamento de conhecimento, o que é essencial para estimular a inovação em uma nação emergente

No mercado contemporâneo, de alta competitividade, a logística tem papel fundamental na determinação das empresas e países que terão sucesso no suprimento de etanol. Os apelos ambientais, devido à emissão de gases de efeito estufa e a preocupação com a instabilidade dos preços do petróleo contribuem para o aumento da utilização do etanol como combustível em substituição ou redução do uso de derivados do petróleo. Atualmente, no Brasil, os combustíveis renováveis representam 19% da energia usada no setor de transporte. Portanto, o Brasil é o único caso bem sucedido de transição tecnológica para biocombustível em larga escala. Para atender a crescente demanda de etanol novas áreas de plantio de cana-de-açúcar e destilarias de etanol estão surgindo, principalmente, na região centro-sul do Brasil, mudando o perfil de distribuição do produto. E consequentemente, torna-se relevante a necessidade de inovação na logística do etanol. O tema teórico desta tese é a inovação em serviços logísticos e logística. Nesta pesquisa, analisa-se a contribuição das mudanças tecnológicas na inovação da logística do etanol. E quais mudanças organizacionais ocorrem em função dessas inovações tecnológicas. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada, nesta tese, é o método de estudo de casos múltiplos, e foram escolhidas para pesquisas quatro empresas, sendo duas empresas operadoras logísticas, Stolthaven e Logum, e duas grandes empresas produtoras de etanol, Copersucar e Raízen. Entre outras análises, os resultados da pesquisa apontam que as mudanças tecnológicas têm contribuído significantemente para a inovação da logística e dos serviços logísticos do etanol, além do que a literatura tem demonstrado, a qual se concentra, basicamente, na contribuição da Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), na inovação logística. O estudo mostrou haver relevantes inovações tecnológicas em transporte, transbordo e armazenagem. Além da classificação da inovação em incremental ou radical, a inovação em logística sugere um caráter de inovação sistêmica pela forma como se arquiteta seu processo. As pesquisas apontam, também, que, devido às inovações tecnológicas ocorridas nos últimos dez anos, significantes mudanças organizacionais ocorreram, principalmente nos perfis profissionais dos operadores de terminal de armazenagem e transbordo de etanol. Há dez anos, não havia necessidade de muita qualificação dos operadores, aceitava-se candidato com formação no ensino fundamental; atualmente, há necessidade de formação em ensino médio ou técnico, e até superior. E mesmo com formação mais elevada, a empresa precisa aplicar treinamento próprio para capacitar o funcionário às novas tecnologias. Entretanto, essas mudanças organizacionais foram mais significativas nas empresas operadoras logísticas do que nas empresas produtoras de etanol. Esta pesquisa obtém contribuições originais ao conhecimento na área de gestão da inovação em logística, construindo novas teorias a partir do estudo de casos, e propõe um modelo conceitual de inovação em logística, assim como contribui para a prática executiva do suprimento de etanol. / In the high competitive contemporary market, logistics plays a key role in determining which companies and countries will succeed in the supply of ethanol. The environmental appeals, due to the emission of greenhouse effect gases and the concern with the instability of oil prices contribute to the increased use of ethanol as a fuel to replace or reduce the use of petroleum. Currently in Brazil, renewable fuels account for 19% of the energy used in the transportation sector. Therefore, Brazil is the only case of successful technological transition to biofuel on a large scale. To meet the growing demand for ethanol, new planting areas of sugar cane and ethanol distilleries are popping up mainly in the central-southern Brazil, changing the product distribution profile. As so, the need for innovation in the logistics of ethanol becomes relevant. The theoretical theme of this thesis is innovation in logistics services and logistics. In this research, we analyze the contribution of technological innovation in the logistics of ethanol. And what organizational changes occur as a result of these technological innovations. The research methodology used in this thesis is the method of multiple case studies and four companies were chosen to participate in the research; being two companies that operate logistics: Stolthaven and Logum and two major companies producing ethanol: Copersucar and Raizen. Among other analyses, the results of the research show that technological changes have contributed significantly to innovation in logistics and logistics services of ethanol, beyond what the literature shows, which concentrates basically on the contribution of Information Technology and Communication (ITC) innovation in logistics. The research has showed that there are relevant technological innovations in transport, transshipment and warehouse. Besides innovation classification in incremental or radical, logistic innovation suggests a character of systemic innovation considering the form that its process is architected. The research also indicate that due to technological innovations that occurred in the last ten years, significant organizational changes occurred mainly in professional profiles of terminal operators on storage and transshipment of ethanol. Ten years ago there was not much need for qualified operators, so candidates with a background in elementary education were accepted. Nowadays, there is the need of at least technical education or even higher. And even with the higher education companies must implement proper training to enable the employees to new technologies. However, these organizational changes were more significant in the logistic operating companies than in companies producing ethanol. This research gives original contributions to knowledge in the area of innovation management in logistics, building new theories from case studies and proposes a conceptual model of innovation in logistics, as well as contributions to the executive practice of ethanol supply.

Based on panel data collected from 41 countries over the period 2007-2017, this paper analysis how population ageing affects technological innovation through three aspects from the perspective of human capital: the loss of knowledge and talents; reverse force and knowledge spillover. In this paper, the technological innovation index (TII) is calculated by using the factor analysis method. Further with this, a fixed-effects regression model is applied to discover that population exerts a significant positive effect on technological innovation through reverse force, while exerts negative effects on technological innovation through the loss of knowledge and talents and knowledge spillover.

Globalization provides all business players with equal threats as well as equal opportunities at the same time. Information can be obtained with low cost through wire, wireless technology, learning by themselves and partnership of strategic alliance. High technology and special know-how may take more time to be built than buy. Now the global market is open and flat. Competition which normally erodes profit of firms is taken for granted and can’t be avoided. Joseph A. Schumpeter believed that entrepreneurs would do “creative destruction” to avoid from stationary state of economy and to seek new profit opportunities, and he considered the concept of innovation to be new products, new method of productions, new markets and environment which can change rules of the game of business players. Many Korean firms have jumped into international competitive markets to expand their presences to pursue both profit and growth. Creating competitive advantages by low cost or differentiation of strategy and products in the competitive business environment are very important factors. Innovation is one of the competitive advantages. Innovation may be categorized into three parts; technology, manufacturing process, strategy and marketing. Here in the thesis, I take technology as vehicle of comparison, and use the number of granted patents as the degree of technological innovation. This thesis will make comparison among the firms which have more number of patents and less number of patents to see if technological innovation contributes better financial performances. Patents are used as barrier against new entrants and defending vehicle in the time of patents conflict with market competitors. This thesis will analyze and verify whether the more a firm is innovative in technology, the better financial performance it may enjoy in the severe competitive environment.

Technological innovation is one of the most important sources of corporate and industrial growth. Yet, we know notably little of the relationship between innovation and economic change. Knowledge about the interaction between technological innovation and social action is suggested to be essential in the formulation of public and business policies concerning technological development. In this dissertation technological innovation is set into the context of industrial networks, here perceived as technological systems and networks of exchange relationships. The focus is upon the emergence of a technological system, digital image technology, and evolution of new patterns of interaction between actors, research organizations, established firms, new ventures and public institutions developing, producing, applying and promoting the new technology. The study of the development of digital image technology in Sweden between 1965 and 1989 shows that the emergence and the evolution of new industrial networks can be treated as three parallel processes; genesis – identification, coalescence – legitimation and dissemination – adaption, each dominating in different periods of time. Quantitative network analysis of the emerging patterns of interaction is used to analyze the changing structure of the Swedish image processing network resulting from these three evolutionary processes. The analysis reinforces the proposed framework for the understanding of the emergence of an industrial network.

The production of biogas via anaerobic digestion is an effective technology for converting organic waste into renewable fuel. Using the Technological Innovation System (TIS) theory for assessing emerging technologies a comparison between the British and Swedish biogas sectors is carried out. There are seven components to a TIS allowing the sector to be broken down, a potential scheme for the connection of the functions is illustrated. The Swedish biogas sector is at a more advanced stage of development due to long-term governmental support both financially and through stringent environmental laws. Overall the Swedish government has been an effective system builder allowing the Swedish biogas sector to expand. The British biogas sector is conversely less advanced due to lack of this long-term support, although the scene is beginning to change as the government positions itself as a more effective system builder. Several lessons can be learnt from the Swedish biogas sector; longterm financial support for renewable energy is required and stringent organic waste disposal laws both encourage the development of biogas.

Innovations in the public services have become mandatory to provide more efficient and secured services to the citizens. In today&#039 / s fast changing technological environment, the sustained management of innovation is the most vital executive task for the organizations. Identification of the technological innovation process is required in order to manage innovation in the public organizations. This thesis study aims to build a technological innovation model for public organizations in Turkey identifying technological innovation process, stakeholders of the process, sources of innovation, obstacles of innovation and driving forces of innovation. In this research study, strategically important organizations, including all ministries and the pioneer public organizations that perform technological innovation projects are analyzed. In the research study, case study is used as a research strategy and interviews are used as data collection methods. Using collected data / data sets are produced and presented in tables. Data analysis results enable to identify technological innovation process, stakeholders of the process, sources of innovation, barriers of innovation, and driving forces of innovation. Consequently, in accordance with the findings of the study, a new technological innovation model that may pave the way for technological innovation projects and enable successful management of innovation process is constructed. The proposed model lights the way of managers for their innovation projects by means of determining unclear innovation process and identifying the inputs and outputs of the process. Moreover, this study is a guide for managers in public organizations identifying possible obstacles and offering solutions, identifying driving forces to accelerate the innovation process, emphasizing the importance of interaction between the stakeholders.

Technological backwardness is the common problem for all developing nations. The acquisition and creation of advanced technologies are the common dreams of these catch-up economies. How to build up the adequate technological innovation system for high-tech industries is the major challenge to all catching-up economies. Because of the success of technological development, this research will investigate the technology innovation and diffusion system by taking the IC industry in Chinese Taipei as a case study. The purpose of this research is the provide a guide for the future direction of technological innovation and diffusion systems and of share experience on the development of technology in the IC industry of Chinese Taipei with other catch-up economies. This paper first presents hottest study topics: Knowledge Management and National Innovation System (NIS), next introduced two analytical frameworks --- the technological trajectory framework and the multiple cooperation framework --- which are used as tools to describe the evolution of technological development in catch up economies. It will then propose a technological innovation and diffusion system for catch up economies. The structure and components of the system will be discussed and a questionnaire survey designed for the IC industry in Chinese Taipei. The results of the survey will be discussed and future development of the technological innovation and diffusion system of the IC industry in Chinese Taipei will be proposed by this research.

Sin dalla fine degli anni 90 la Corea ha iniziato a basare la propria strategia di sviluppo economico sull’importanza delgli investimenti in R&D e oggi il paese puo’ essere considerato tra i paesi OCSE con i maggiori tassi di investimento. Tale risultato e’ stato raggiunto principalmente attraverso una forte specializzazione nei settori ad alta intensita’ di tali investimenti. Ciononostante sono recentemente emersi alcuni problemi cruciali legati alle politiche per R&D. Tra gli altri la disoccupazione giovanile legata all’effetto labour-saving delle innovazioni, la forte specializzazione in industrie ad alta tecnologia, e l’eccessiva importanza attribuita alla ricerca. Le tre questioni vengono analizzate in questo lavoro utilizzando dati a livello di impresa. Il primo contributo tratta degli effetti di R&D sull’occupazione. Le evidenze suggeriscono che tale effetto e’ inesistente nelle imprese Coreane. Il secondo conributo prende in esame la produttivita’ degli investimenti in ricerca. I risultati mostrano che tali investimenti hanno effetti non solo sulle imprese ad alta tecnologia ma anche in altri settori. Nel terzo contributo si studia il comportamento innovativo delle imprese prestando attenzione alle imprese giovani. Per queste imprese, infatti, le evidenze mostrano che investimenti in ricerca fatti internamente non sono cosi’ importanti per la produzione di innovazione. / Since 1990s Korea has started to ground the strategy for economic growth upon the role of R&D and nowadays the country shall be considered among top R&D investors in the OECD countries. This result has been achieved mainly through strong specialization in R&D-intensive industries. Nonetheless some critical issues related to R&D policy have recently emerged; Among others the problem of youth unemployment related to the labour-saving effect of innovation, the excessive specialization in high-tech industries and the magnified importance attributed to R&D. The three issues are accordingly investigated in this work by using data at the firm level. The first contribution concerns the effect of R&D investments on employment. The aim of the work is to test for the existence of a labour-saving effect of R&D investments. The evidence suggests that such an effect does not characterize Korean firms. Second contribution examines the productivity of knowledge capital. The results indicate that R&D affects firms’ productivity not only in high-tech industries but also in other sectors. In the third contribution the innovative behavior of firms is studied paying attention to young firms. In these, in fact, the evidence reveals that internal R&D is not as important for the production of innovation.

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