This paper is discussing the latest development of Artificial Intelligence and puts into perspective two major players in the field of AI development - states and private companies. The premise is, that private companies are leading the development of AI technologies and together with their growing impact on states and international relations as such, they are becoming more important and more powerful. We, therefore, research, whether the AI may be to any extend used by these private actors against states. Starting with its dual-use capabilities, we are showing the current threats enabled by AI technology. We then illustrate specific cases, when Artificial Intelligence was involved in elections in Brazil and the United States and elaborate the argument, that AI may be misused and eventually possess an advantage over the adversary, in these cases private companies. Debating what AI is, what is the current position of major private actors is towards the state, and revealing the potentials of AI, we build up the argument that AI-enabled technologies may indeed be an advantage.

The thesis describes a search engine of Google company and its method of web pages evaluating, which is used for sorting them on the search engine result page. In addition to the description of how search engines work in general, the thesis targets on differencies between Google and other search engines, as well as it mentions characteristics and principles designed by its founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, which make it unique. In the second part there are outlined some of many signals which are rated for every single web page. The most concerned signal is PageRank as the leading idea of pages evaluating, based on their link scheme which is founded on principles of citation analysis. Factors for evaluating are analysed using particular examples, and the topic is ended by the description of Google search engines changes from its beginning in 1998 until present.

NOWADAYS, a number of studies keep on demonstrating the existence of a strong relation between high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and the prevalence of human morbidity and mortality. Large particles can be filtered in the nose or in the throat, while fine particles (about10 micrometer) can settle in the bronchi and lungs, leading to more serious consequences. According to Karagulian et al. the major sources of urban air pollution are traffic (25%), combustion and agriculture (22%), domestic fuel burning (20%), natural dust (18%) and industrial activities (15%).As a consequence, the detailed study of dispersion phenomena within the urban canopy becomes a target of great interest. To this end, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be successfully employed to predict turbulence and dispersion patterns, accounting for a detailed characterization of the pollutant sources, complex obstacles and atmospheric stability classes.Despite being intrinsically different phenomena, turbulence and dispersion are closely related. It is universally accepted that, to reach accurate prediction of the concentration field, it is necessary to properly reproduce the turbulence one. For this reason, the present PhD thesis is split into two main Sections: one focused on turbulence modelling and the subsequent, centered on the dispersion modelling.Thanks to its good compromise between accuracy of results and calculation time, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) still represents a valid alternative to more resource-demanding methods. However, focusing on the models’ performance in urban studies, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) generally outperforms RANS results, even if the former is at least one order of magnitude more expensive. Stemming from this consideration, the aim of this work is to propose a variety of approaches meant to solve some of the major limitations linked to standard RANS simulation and to further improve its accuracy in disturbed flow fields, without renouncing to its intrinsic feasibility. The proposed models are suitable for the urban context, being capable of automatically switching from a formulation proper for undisturbed flow fields to one suitable for disturbed areas. For neutral homogeneous atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), a comprehensive approach is adopted, solving the issue of the erroneous stream-wise gradients affecting the turbulent profiles and able to correctly represent the various roughness elements. Around obstacles, more performing closures are employed. The transition between the two treatments is achieved through the definition of a Building Influence Area (BIA). The finalgoal is to offer more affordable alternatives to LES simulations without sacrificing a good grade of accuracy.Focusing on the dispersion modelling framework, there exists a number of parameters which have to be properly specified. In particular, the definition of the turbulent Schmidt number Sct, expressing the ratio of turbulent viscosity to turbulent mass diffusivity, is imperative. Despite its relevance, the literature does not report a clear guideline on the definition of this quantity. Nevertheless, the importance of Sct with respect to dispersion is undoubted and further demonstrated in the works of different authors. For atmospheric boundary layer flows, typical constant values range between 0.2 and 1.3. As a matter of fact, the local variability of Sct is supported by experimental evidence and by direct numerical simulations (DNS). These observations further suggest that the turbulent Schmidt number should be prescribed as a dynamic variable. Following these observations a variable turbulent Schmidt number formulation is proposed in this work. The latter stems from the same hypothesis of the variable formulation developed by Gorlé et al. Moreover, the relevant uncertain model parameters are optimized through uncertainty quantification (UQ). This formulation further increased the accuracy of the predictions, and was successfully verified by Di Bernardino et al. However, the turbulent Schmidt number resulting from this formulation is still intrinsically linked to the turbulence model employed, i.e. to the Cμ coefficient. To overcome this constraint, the nature and the dependencies of Sct were further analyzed through correlation studies and employing principal component analysis (PCA) on data obtained through the proposed ABL RANS model. Subsequently, the same data-driven technique was employed based on the high-fidelity outcomes of a delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (dDES) to derive a generalized turbulentSchmidt number formulation. The latter can be employed within a wide range of turbulence models, without limiting its variability. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

In the first part the diploma thesis deals with the characteristic of meals, legislative requirement for meal production and the technology of ready meals production. Then the thesis concentrate on the packaging, the storage of ready meals and factors which affect food safety. The theoretical part of this thesis ends with principles of food sensory analysis. The practical part is drawn up on the initiative of the company, which dedicates to ready meals production. Selected samples of ready meals, which were made by different producers and that were available on the czech market, were analysed in the three descriptors - appearance, texture and taste. Results were processed using Duncan´s test and evaluated. At the end, acceptability and preferences of samples of chosen ready meals were evaluated.

Diploma thesis is dealing with the quality and use of puff pastry from the few point's of view. From the sensory, technological and health as well. Twelve samples has been used in all, six samples were child and six were frozen. All samples were bought. Theoretical part describes the history, used raw materials, technology of production and healthy aspects of puff pastry. Practical part was focused on the overall analyse of the bought samples. Senzory analysis was performed before and after baking, staiting of amound of fat, assesing of fragility on TIRA test 27025, spectrophotometric staiting of colour and measuring of the height of product after baking. Sensory and objective methods of measuring showed diferences between individual samples. On the whole you can say that chilled pastry came out better. Sampel no. 3 was the best. Sample no. 9 was the best among frozen pastry. The meassured results showed on the suitability of samples. When sample no. 12 is the suited for the production of kremeš on the contrary no. 3, 5, 6 are suited better for strudel and apple pie.

The diploma thesis includes a proposal for a new sawmill operation in Vortová, ORP Hlinsko, Pardubice Region for owners of surrounding forests of the Bishopric of Kralovehradecka, which manages the company with restricted constraints Diocesan forests Hradec Králové, s.r.o. On the theme the suggestion of sawmill Diocesan Forests in Hradec Králové in Vortová. The owner's request is the creation of a pilot plant project, including technology, technological arrangement, machinery of operation at the site of former premises designated for associated forestry production at Vortová no. 28. This sawmill operation must be able to carry out an annual sowing in single-shift operation of 6000 m3 spruce Round logs. The priority will be the cutting of spruce spruce logs and commercial cut to order from the logs of their own forest, until the next activity will be the cutting of foreign logs. The diploma thesis is supplemented with drawings of alternative solutions of sawmill operation and warehouses of lumber. Part of the drawing is the final recommended version of the sawmill operation. The output of the diploma thesis is the design of the sawmill operation, its incorporation according to the land disposition of the complex at Vortová, recommendations for effective and economical logging and preparation of cutouts. The entire operation is tailored to the most efficient use of space, to cut difficult to trade wood assortments. This proposal should be used as a guide for the owner in the creation of an overall property concept of all estates in Vortová and surroundings.

Diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of the present opportunities and using ICT/IS in forestry. Diploma thesis includes a survey, wich found out real data about the present situation and using ICT/IS in forestry, especially in specialization on economy and leading of companies. Based on finding most used solutions there was written a review of IS from different manufacturers. Deliverable of diploma thesis is builiding proposal solution on use ICT/IS according to the size assets managed by forestry company.

This thesis describes the design of a new sawmill operation of Jireček families in Svatoslav near Třebíč. This is a proposal for operation of a particular forest property. The main requirement is to design appropriate technological arrangements, machinery and automated equipment that will meet the maximum sawing coniferous 3000 m3 per year range. The paper presents the layout of the premises Still hunting lodge where a sawmill operation to be designed, requirements analysis and calculations required values for the design of the operation, according to which the proposed machine-technological equipment and traffic arrangements. The work described processing streams with a specific variant of the machinery. Of these proposals were selected, one option that has been recommended as the most suitable. The thesis included drawings of floor plans proposed sawmills, lateral cuts recommended variants sawmills and drawings situation with the location of the building sawmills deployment and storage of logs and lumber.

The subject of the thesis is a comprehensive summary of available information on current digital print systems for the furniture industry. Furthermore, the thesis deals with collecting and interpreting the information obtained from selected furniture companies in the territory of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The informations are judged by several factors and the advantages and disadvantages of digital printing technologies and conventional methods of decorative surface treatment are compared. Last but not least, surface-resistance tests of completed digital printing technologies are carried out.

The thesis investigates possibilities of practical application of CNC routing by designing and manufacturing its own product and describing the development process with focus on wood based materials with application of luminous resin. The first theoretical part of the thesis aims to describe CNC routing principle and to analyze manufacturing possibilities, applications and potentials of the CNC routing, also to compare is with competitive technologies. The second theoretical part of the thesis aims to describe usage luminous resin and applications with focus on CNC design. The practical part presents manufacturing process of real product (from the proposal to the final piece).